请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Punjabi calendar
释义

  1. Months (solar)

  2. See also

  3. Notes

  4. References

The Punjabi calendar is used by the Punjabi people of the Indian subcontinent, but varies by religions. Historically, the Punjabi Sikhs and Punjabi Hindus have used the ancient Indian Bikrami (Vikrami) calendar, which started in 57 BCE with legendary Emperor Vikramaditya. Punjabi Muslims use the Arabic Hijri calendar.[1] Some festivals in Punjab, Pakistan are determined by the Punjabi calendar,[2] such as Muharram which is celebrated twice, once according to the Muslim year and again on the 10th of harh.[3] The Bikrami calendar is the one the rural (agrarian) population follows in Punjab, Pakistan.[4]{{refn|group=note|The Punjabi periodicals published in Pakistan print Punjabi calendar figures.[5]}}

In Punjab though the solar calendar is generally followed, the lunar calendar used is purnimanta.[6] The lunar month is calculated from the ending moment of the full moon: the beginning of the dark fortnight.[7] Chaitra is considered to be the first month of the lunar year.[8] The lunar year begins on Chet Sudi: the first day after the new moon in Chet.[9] This means that the first half of the purnimanta month of Chaitra goes to the previous year, while the second half belongs to the new Lunar year.[6]

The regional new year is observed on Vaisakhi which is determined by the solar calendar.[10] The day is considered from sunrise to next sunrise and for the first day of the solar months, the Orissa rule is observed: day 1 of the month occurs on the day of the sankranti[11] (known as sangrand in Punjabi).[12]

Months (solar)

1 Vaisakh ਵਿਸਾਖ وساکھ Mid April – Mid May
2 Jeth ਜੇਠ جیٹھ Mid May – Mid June
3 Harh ਹਾੜ੍ਹ ہاڑھ Mid June – Mid July
4 Sawan ਸਾਓਣ ساؤن Mid July – Mid August
5 Bhadon ਭਾਦੋਂ بھادوں Mid August – Mid September
6 Assu ਅੱਸੂ اسو Mid September – Mid October
7 Katak ਕੱਤਕ کتک Mid October – Mid November
8 Maghar ਮੱਘਰ مگھر Mid November – Mid December
9 Poh ਪੋਹ پوہ Mid December – Mid January
10 Magh ਮਾਘ ماگھ Mid January – Mid February
11 Phagun ਫੱਗਣ پھگن Mid February – Mid March
12 Chet ਚੇਤ چیت Mid March – Mid April

See also

  • Buddhist calendar
  • Hindu calendar
  • Indian national calendar
  • Islamic calendar
  • Nanakshahi calendar

Notes

1. ^{{cite book|author=Tej Bhatia|title=Punjabi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTKBAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA210|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-89460-2|page=210}}
2. ^Pakistan Pictorial, Volume 10 (1986) Pakistan Publications [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CSRuAAAAMAAJ&q=punjabi+calendar+pakistan&dq=punjabi+calendar+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6jNrHyp_TAhWBIsAKHUqtDW4Q6AEIMzAE]
3. ^Jacobsen, Knut A. (ed) (2008) South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora. Routledge [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WT2odZ7_d7MC&pg=PA107&dq=punjabi+desi+hindu+calendar+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVzYyKvKbTAhUkLsAKHeKqDdsQ6AEIIjAA#v=onepage&q=punjabi%20desi%20hindu%20calendar%20pakistan&f=false]
4. ^Mirzā, Shafqat Tanvīr (1992) Resistance Themes in Punjabi Literature. Sang-e-Meel Publications [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YCMeAAAAIAAJ&dq=agriculture+punjab+bikrami&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=agrarian]
5. ^Organiser, Volume 46 (1994) Bharat Prakashan [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hsc-AQAAIAAJ&q=punjabi+calendar+periodicals+pakistan&dq=punjabi+calendar+periodicals+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwirwvio5qvTAhUMJsAKHUPQB0kQ6AEIIjAA]
6. ^1 S. Balachandra Rao (2000) Indian Astronomy: An Introduction. Universities Press [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PGXgssv08PgC&pg=PA44&dq=punjabi+lunisolar+calendar&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjGycbL3J_TAhVpAsAKHQ12CT4Q6AEIKzAC#v=onepage&q=punjabi%20lunisolar%20calendar&f=false]
7. ^Krishnamurthi Ramasubramanian, M. S. Sriram (2011) Tantrasaṅgraha of Nīlakaṇṭha Somayājī. Springer Science & Business Media [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TGYxXjZXIGwC&pg=PA13&dq=purnimanta&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2nNis3p_TAhVGLMAKHYbfC9o4ChDoAQgtMAM#v=onepage&q=purnimanta&f=false]
8. ^Salvadori, Cynthia (1989) Through open doors: a view of Asian cultures in Kenya. Kenway Publications [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4xIRAQAAIAAJ&dq=punjab++chaitra+new+moon&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=punjab++consider]
9. ^Singh, Gursharan (1996) Page 262 Punjab history conference. Punjabi University [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rkluAAAAMAAJ&q=sunrise+to+sunrise+lunar+day+punjab&dq=sunrise+to+sunrise+lunar+day+punjab&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQ8ZetxaTTAhVJDcAKHRUgBTgQ6AEIIjAA]
10. ^World Encyclopaedia of Interfaith Studies: World religions (2009) Jnanada Prakashan [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fFwi7qRRgosC&dq=punjabi+new+year+solar+calendar&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=solar++vaisalhi]
11. ^Journal of Religious Studies, Volume 34 (2003) Punjabi University [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FPUnAAAAYAAJ&dq=oriss+ane+punjab+rule+day+sunrise+to+sunrise&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=orissa]
12. ^Dilagīra, Harajindara Siṅgha (1997) The Sikh Reference Book. Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mRpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=punjabi++sangrand&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=++sangrand]

References

{{Reflist}}{{Punjab, India}}{{measurement-stub}}{{India-stub}}{{Pakistan-stub}}

2 : Punjabi culture|Time in India
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/17 15:09:44