| 词条 | Pyrus ussuriensis |
| 释义 |
|name = Ussurian pear |image = Pyrus-urumiensis.JPG |image_caption = P. ussuriensis buds, leaves, and flowers |genus = Pyrus |species = ussuriensis |authority = Maxim.[1] |synonyms_ref = |synonyms = }}Pyrus ussuriensis, also known as the Ussurian pear, Harbin pear, and Manchurian pear, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae.[1] It is native to Korea, Japan, and the Ussuri River area of far eastern Russia. It has flowers in spring that are slightly pink when budding and then turn white.[2] Buds are dark brown and have an alternating arrangement. The tree grows to a height of about {{convert|15|m|ft|sp=us}} and prefers well-drained loam-type soils. It is considered the hardiest of all pears.[3] When planted in milder climates, the trees have been known to be killed by freezes after they begin budding.[3] Many species of birds and mammals feed upon the fruit of this species. Deer, mice, and rabbits are known to damage the trees.[4] Leaves are dark green in spring and summer and turn dark red and gold in autumn.[2] Products made from the fruits may prove more effective than commercial insecticides in killing ticks and mites.[5] The fruits are not the tastiest of pears to humans, but the taste is better after a freeze and the juice tastes better. Crosses of this species with other pears produces tasty pears that grow in climates too cold for most pears.[3] Cultivars include the 'Reli', 'Jinxiang', 'Hongbalixiang', 'Baibalixiang', 'Fuwuxiang', 'Qiuxiang', 'Fuanjianba', 'Longxiang', 'Guanhongxiao', 'Shanli24', 'Wuxiangli', 'Shatangli', 'Manyuanxiang', 'McDermand' , and the Prairie Gem® Flowering Pear (cultivar ‘MorDak’).[4] There are at least 108 compounds in the fruits that affect plant breeding and these show that P. ussuriensis cultivars fall into 4 groups.[6]References1. ^1 {{GRIN | accessdate=January 25, 2014}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.colacotway.vic.gov.au/Files/April_2013_Botanic_Garrdens_Report.pdf|title=Pyrus ussuriensis|publisher=Colac Otway Shire, Victoria, Australia|format=PDF|year=2013|accessdate=January 25, 2014}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Pyrus ussuriensis - Ussurian Pear|url=http://www.mustila.fi/en/plants/pyrus/ussuriensis|publisher=Mustila Arboretum|accessdate=January 25, 2013}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/trees/handbook/th-3-91.pdf|title=Ussurian or Harbin Pear|publisher=North Dakota State University|format=PDF|accessdate=January 25, 2014}} 5. ^{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Food Protection|title=Acaricidal Activities of Materials Derived from Pyrus ussuriensis Fruits Against Stored Food Mites|volume=75|issue=7|year=2012|last1=Jeon|first1=J. H.|last2=Yang|first2=J. Y.|last3=Lee|first3=H. S.|pages=1258–1262|doi=10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-040|PMID=22980009}} 6. ^{{cite journal|journal=Food Science|title=Evaluation of the Volatile Profile of 33 Pyrus ussuriensis Cultivars by HS-SPME with GC–MS|volume=134|issue=4|year=2012|last1=Qin|first1=Gaihua|pages= 2367–2382|doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.053}} External links
1 : Pyrus |
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