| 词条 | Avraham Mordechai Alter |
| 释义 |
| title = Gerrer Rebbe | image=Imrei Emes.jpg | caption = | term = 1905 – 3 June 1948 | full name = Avraham Mordechai Alter | main work = Imrei Emes | predecessor = Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter | successor = Yisrael Alter | spouse1 = Chaya Ruda Czarna | issue1 = Meir Alter Yitzchak Alter Feyge Alter Esther Alter Yisrael Alter Simcha Bunim Alter | spouse2 = Feyge Mintshe Biderman | issue2 = Pinchas Menachem Alter | spouse3 = | issue3 = | dynastyname = Ger | father = Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter | mother = Yocheved Rivka Kaminer | birth_date = {{birth date |1866|12|25}} | birth_place = Góra Kalwaria, Poland | death_date = {{death date and age |1948|6|3|1866|12|25|df=y}} | death_place = Jerusalem, Israel | date of burial = | place of burial = Sfas Emes Yeshiva, Jerusalem }} Avraham Mordechai Alter ({{lang-pl|Abraham Mordekhaj Alter}}, {{lang-he-n|אברהם מרדכי אלתר}}{{ltr}}; 25 December 1866 – 3 June 1948), also known as the Imrei Emes after the works he authored, was the fourth Rebbe of the Hasidic dynasty of Ger, a position he held from 1905 until his death in 1948. He was one of the founders of the Agudas Israel in Poland and was influential in establishing a network of Jewish schools there. It is claimed that at one stage he led over 200,000 Hasidim. Personal lifeHe had eight children by his first wife, Chaya Ruda Czarna, daughter of Noah Czarny, a prominent Gerrer Hasid in Biala. His eldest son, Rabbi Meir Alter, who was a Torah scholar and businessman, perished in Treblinka during the Holocaust with his children and grandchildren. His second son, Rabbi Yitzchak Alter, died in 1934 in Poland. In 1922, his wife Chaya Ruda died. Some time later he married his niece, Feyge Mintshe Biderman, who bore him his youngest child, Pinchas Menachem Alter, in 1926. In 1924, Rabbi Avraham Mordechai visited Palestine together with his brother in-law, Rabbi Hirsh Heynekh Lewin, his son-in-law Rabbi Yitzchak Meir Alter and the Sokolover Rebbe, Rabbi Yitzchak Zelig Morgensztern. Over a six-week period, they visited Jerusalem, Safed, Hebron, Tiberias and Tel Aviv.[1] World War IIDuring World War II, Rabbi Avraham Mordechai was a prime target of the Nazi authorities in German occupied Poland. In 1940, he managed to escape to Palestine with several of his sons and began to slowly rebuild his Hasidic dynasty. He resided in the Sfas Emes Yeshiva from 1940 until his death in 1948.[2][3] Death and legacyWith the outbreak of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, he was trapped in Jerusalem. He died during the holiday of Shavuot of natural causes during the siege of the city by the Jordanian Arab Legion. As bodies could not be removed to the Mount of Olives during wartime, he was buried in the yeshiva courtyard on the condition that he would be reburied elsewhere after the war. However, his sons and successors, the Beis Yisrael and Lev Simcha, declined to go through with the reburial.[3] After his death, the dynasty continued with his three remaining sons, who became the consecutive next three heads of the Gerrer Hasidim worldwide: Rabbi Yisrael Alter (fifth rebbe of Ger); Rabbi Simchah Bunim Alter (sixth rebbe of Ger); and Rabbi Pinchas Menachem Alter (seventh rebbe of Ger). In 1996, Rabbi Pinchas Menachem Alter was buried next to his father in the courtyard and a red-brick ohel was placed over both graves, which are visited regularly by students in the adjoining yeshiva.[3] The Hebrew acronym for Rabbi Avraham Mordechai is "Re'em ({{lang-he-n|רְאֵ"ם}}). A religious moshav in central Israel is named for the Rebbe, Bnei Re'em, (lit. Sons of Re'em)[4] as well as the nearby junction of highway 40 and highway 3. Rebbes of Ger
References1. ^Yitschak Alfasi, בית גור The House of Ger, vol. 2, p. 55. {{s-start}}{{s-rel|jw}}{{s-bef|before=Yehuda Aryeh Leib Alter}}{{s-ttl|title=Gerrer Rebbe2. ^{{cite book|last=Kaploun|first=Uri|year=1987|title=Rebbes of Ger: Sfas Emes and Imrei Emes|publisher=Mesorah Publications, Ltd.|isbn=0-89906-484-1|pages=252-253}} 3. ^1 2 Frankfurter, Rabbi Yitzchok. "A Riveting Visit to the Historic Home of the Pnei Menachem of Ger zt"l". Ami, February 17, 2016, pp. 60-73. 4. ^The Speyers of Bnei Re'em Haaretz |years=1905–1948}}{{s-aft|after=Yisrael Alter}}{{end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Alter, Avraham Mordechai}} 9 : 1866 births|1948 deaths|Rebbes of Ger|Hasidic rabbis in Europe|Polish Orthodox rabbis|20th-century rabbis|Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah|Rabbis in Ottoman Palestine|Rabbis in Mandatory Palestine |
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