| 词条 | Queen Victoria Monument, Birkenhead |
| 释义 |
The Queen Victoria Monument stands in the centre of Hamilton Square, Birkenhead, Wirral, Merseyside, England. It is in the form of an Eleanor cross. The memorial was designed by Edmund Kirby, and was unveiled in 1905. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. HistoryFollowing the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, a Victoria Memorial Committee was established in Birkenhead to make arrangements for a memorial to the queen. An open space was created in the centre of Hamilton Square in 1903 by Birkenhead Town Council. The committee then discussed the form of the memorial to stand in its centre. It had been hoped to have a monument in bronze, but the amount of money raised was inadequate to provide this, and it was decided that the monument should be in the form of an Eleanor cross.{{sfnp|Morris|Roberts|2012|pp=26–27|ps=}} Eleanor crosses were erected by King Edward I in the late 13th century to commemorate the life of his wife, Eleanor of Castile, and were erected on the sites where her coffin rested. The typical design of an Eleanor cross was that of a polygonal base on steps, surmounted by stages of reducing size. The lowest stage was solid, and the upper stages were open.{{sfn|National Recording Project|ps=}} The committee considered that this would be appropriate as a it would follow the design of a memorial to an admired queen. One of the members of the committee was the architect Edmund Kirby, who agreed to design the memorial free of charge. The identity of the sculptor is not recorded. Kirby had previously worked with Richard Boulton and Sons of Cheltenham, and it is possible that this was the responsible company. The monument was unveiled, before it was finished, by Charles Gatehouse, a local politician and a member of the committee, on 26 October 1905.{{sfnp|Morris|Roberts|2012|pp=26–27|ps=}} It cost £1,400.{{sfn|National Recording Project|ps=}} DescriptionThe monument is constructed in sandstone from Darley Dale. The steps on which it stands, and the columns in the second and third stages are in granite from Newry. The monument stands about {{convert|23|m|ft|0}} high.{{sfnp|Morris|Roberts|2012|p=26|ps=}} It is in Gothic style.{{sfnp|Morris|Roberts|2012|p=27|ps=}} Each stage of the monument is octagonal. It stands on five steps, and consists of four stages, each stage being narrower than the stage below. The lowest stage is solid, and each side has a gabled canopy.{{sfnp|Historic England|1201581|ps=}} In the front is an inscription reading as follows. {{Quotation|VICTORIA QUEEN AND EMPRESS 1837–1901 SHE WROUGHT HER PEOPLE LASTING GOOD{{efn|The inscription includes the last line of the fourth stanza of To the Queen, a poem by Tennyson.}}}} Each of the other sides contains a coat of arms in relief, and its associated motto. In clockwise order from the front these are the arms and mottoes of Birkenhead, Cheshire, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, England, and the Royal arms.{{sfnp|Morris|Roberts|2012|p=26|ps=}} The middle two stages of the monument are open, with arcades and granite columns, and the top stage consists of a crocketed spire surmounted by a crown finial.{{sfnp|Historic England|1201581|ps=}} AppraisalThe memorial was designated a Grade II listed building on 28 March 1974.{{sfnp|Historic England|1201581|ps=}} Grade II is the lowest of the three grades of listing and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".{{sfn|Historic England|ps=}} See also{{portal|Merseyside}}
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8 : Buildings and structures in Birkenhead|Grade II listed buildings in Merseyside|Buildings and structures completed in 1905|Gothic Revival architecture in Merseyside|Monuments and memorials to Queen Victoria|Monuments and memorials in Merseyside|Grade II listed monuments and memorials|1905 establishments in England |
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