| 词条 | Roaring Brook (Hunlock Creek tributary) |
| 释义 |
| name = Roaring Brook | name_other = Roaring Brook Creek | image = Headwaters of Roaring Brook 1.JPG | image_caption = Headwaters of Roaring Brook | source1_location = Harris Pond in Ross Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania | mouth_location = Hunlock Creek in Hunlock Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|41.24025|-76.10238|region:US-PA|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | progression = Hunlock Creek → Susquehanna River → Chesapeake Bay | length = {{convert|5.0|mi|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = between {{convert|1260|and|1280|ft|m}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|751|ft|m|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|6.17|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = Lewis Run }} Roaring Brook (also known as Roaring Brook Creek[1]) is a tributary of Hunlock Creek in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately {{convert|5.0|mi|km}} long and flows through Ross Township and Hunlock Township.[2] The watershed of the stream has an area of {{convert|6.17|sqmi|km2}}. It has one named tributary, which is known as Lewis Run. Additionally, a dammed pond known as Harris Pond is located at the stream's headwaters. The Roaring Brook Swamp, which is listed as a Locally Significant Area on the Luzerne County Natural Areas Inventory, is also located in the watershed. Roaring Brook is designated as a Least Disturbed Stream. It is in the ridge and valley physiographic province. The surficial geology in the stream's vicinity consists of Wisconsinan Till, bedrock, Wisconsinan Ice Contact-Stratified Drift, alluvium, and sand and gravel pits. CourseRoaring Brook begins in Harris Pond in Ross Township. It flows for a few miles in a shallow valley before exiting Ross Township. Upon leaving Ross Township, the stream enters Hunlock Township.[2] It gradually turns southeast, passing by several ponds or small lakes before turning south-southeast flowing through the community of Roaring Brook.[2][3] A short distance downstream of Roaring Brook, the stream receives its only named tributary, Lewis Run, from the left. The stream then turns southwest for a short distance and enters a much deeper and narrower valley. It this valley, it turns south-southeast for more than a mile before it reaches its confluence with Hunlock Creek.[2] Roaring Brook joins Hunlock Creek {{convert|3.99|mi|km}} upstream of its mouth.[4] Hydrology, geography, and geologyThe elevation near the mouth of Roaring Brook is {{convert|751|ft|m}} above sea level.[5] The elevation of the stream's source is between {{convert|1260|and|1280|ft|m}} above sea level.[2] The surficial geology in the vicinity of Roaring Brook mainly features a glacial or resedimented till known as Wisconsinan Till. However, there are areas of bedrock consisting of sandstone and shale around the edges of the stream's valley. There is a large patch of Wisconsinan Ice-Contact Stratified Drift in the stream's lower reaches and a much smaller patch of alluvium near its headwaters. There is also a sand and gravel pit along the creek. This pit is the only such pit in the United States Geological Survey]] quadrangle of Sweet Valley.[6] Roaring Brook is in the Susquehanna Valley Section of the ridge and valley phsiographic province.[11] A strip mine is located along Roaring Brook in its lower reaches.[3] There are no instances of point-source pollution in the watershed of Roaring Brook.[11] WatershedThe watershed of Roaring Brook has an area of {{convert|6.17|sqmi|km2}}.[4] The stream's mouth is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Nanticoke. However, its source is in the quadrangle of Sweet Valley. The stream also passes through the quadrangle of Harveys Lake.[5] Roaring Brook is classified as a Least Disturbed Stream by the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program.[7][8] Such streams are described as "high-quality stream segments" that "ideally have little disturbance from human influences and demonstrate natural ecological function".[8] At most 0.75 percent of the watershed of Roaring Brook is on developed land. No more than 28 percent of the watershed is on cropland, of which no more than 6 percent is row crops and no more than 22 percent is non-row crops. At least 70 percent of the watershed is forested.[7] No more than 1 percent of the riparian area of Roaring Brook is developed. No more than 20 percent is agricultural land and at least 75 percent is forested. There are fewer than ten road crossings in the watershed.[7] The headwaters of Roaring Brook are in a 30-acre lake known as Harris Pond.[2][9] It is dammed by the Harris Pond Dam, which is made from earth, concrete, and masonry. It is approximately {{convert|10|ft|m}} high and {{convert|135|ft|m}} long (including the spillway). As of 1981, the dam is in relatively good condition.[1] HistoryRoaring Brook was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1185165.[5] BiologyWild trout naturally reproduce in Roaring Brook from its headwaters downstream to its mouth.[10] A swamp known as Roaring Brook Swamp is situated along the eastern side of Roaring Brook in its upper reaches in Ross Township. The swamp is listed as a Locally Significant Area on the Luzerne County Natural Areas Inventory. It is classified as a third-growth mixed broadleaf and conifer swamp. The swamp contains marshy areas as well as old beaver dams.[11] The main tree species in the overstory of Roaring Brook Swamp include hemlock, white pine, yellow birch, red maple, and black ash. The plants in the swamp's understory include arrow-wood, silky dogwood, and winterberry. On the ground, the planets include sedges, wood fern, cinnamon fern, skunk cabbage, sphagnum moss, bedstraw, jewelweed, goldenrod, and horsetail.[11] Bird species inhabiting the Roaring Brook Swamp include eastern peewee, tufted titmouse, veery, ovenbird, red-eyed vireo, and Louisiana waterthrush.[11] Wild trout naturally reproduce in Roaring Brook from its headwaters downstream to its mouth.[12]See also
References1. ^1 {{Citation|author = Bernard M. Mihalcin|url = http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA099091|title = National Dam Inspection Program. Harris Pond Dam (NDI I.D. Number PA-00569, Penn DER I.D. Number 40-129). Susquehanna River Basin, Roaring Brook Creek, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. Phase I. Inspection Report|date = March 1981|accessdate = January 22, 2015}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Citation|author = United States Geological Survey|url = http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/?p=default&b=base1&x=-8448769.29444521&y=5059840.339914492&l=11&v=|title = The National Map Viewer|accessdate = January 22, 2015}} 3. ^1 {{Citation|author = United States Geological Survey|url = http://www.usgwarchives.net/maps/pa/county/luzerne/usgs/luzerne.jpg|title = Luzerne County Pennsylvania USGS Topographic Map|year = 1980|accessdate = March 9, 2015}} 4. ^1 {{Citation|url = http://www.lycoming.edu/cwi/pdfs/paGazetterOfStreams.pdf|title = Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams|pages = 120|date = November 2, 2001|accessdate = January 22, 2015}} 5. ^1 2 {{Citation|author = Geographic Names Information System|url = http://gnis.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:1185165,Roaring%20Brook|title = Feature Detail Report for: Roaring Brook|accessdate = January 22, 2015}} 6. ^{{Citation|author=Duane D. Braun |url=http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/openfile/sweetvalley.pdf |title=SURFICIAL GEOLOGY OF THE SWEET VALLEY 7.5-MINUTE QUADRANGLE, LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA |page=17 |year=2007 |accessdate=April 3, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713162238/http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/openfile/sweetvalley.pdf |archivedate=July 13, 2007 }} 7. ^1 2 3 4 {{Citation|author = Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program|url = http://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us/docs/aquatics/accuser%27smanual-appendices.pdf|title = APPENDIX A – LDS CRITIERA FOR SELECTED REGIONS OF THE STUDY AREA|page = 7|accessdate = April 3, 2015}} 8. ^1 {{Citation|author = Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program|url = http://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us/docs/aquatics/LDS_Map.pdf|title = Pennsylvania's Lest Disturbed Stream (LDS) Reaches|accessdate = April 3, 2015}} 9. ^{{Citation|author = Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission|url = http://fishandboat.com/water/lakes/harris/00harris.htm|title = Harris Pond|accessdate = January 22, 2015}} 10. ^{{Citation|author = Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission|url = http://fishandboat.com/trout_repro.pdf|title = Pennsylvania Wild Trout Waters (Natural Reproduction)|page = 49|date = January 2015|accessdate = March 10, 2015}} 11. ^1 2 {{Citation|author = Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy|url = http://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us/CNAI_PDFs/Luzerne%20County%20NAI%202006%20WEB.pdf|title = A Natural Areas Inventory Luzerne County, Pennsylvania Update – 2006|pages = 70, 220–221|year = 2006|accessdate = January 22, 2015}} 12. ^{{Citation|author = Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission|url = http://fishandboat.com/trout_repro.pdf|title = Pennsylvania Wild Trout Waters (Natural Reproduction)|page = 49|date = May 2014|accessdate = January 22, 2015}} 3 : Rivers of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Tributaries of the Susquehanna River|Rivers of Pennsylvania |
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