| 词条 | Tarawa-class amphibious assault ship | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Tarawa class is a ship class of Landing Helicopter Assault (LHA) type amphibious assault ships operated by the United States Navy (USN). Five ships were built by Ingalls Shipbuilding between 1971 and 1980; another four ships were planned, but later canceled. {{As of|2015|03}}, all vessels have been decommissioned. The class was replaced by the {{Sclass-|America|amphibious assault ship}}s from 2014 onward. DesignThe vessels have a full load displacement of {{convert|39967|t}}.[1] Each ship is {{convert|834|ft}} long, with a beam of {{convert|131.9|ft}}, and a draft of {{convert|25.9|ft}}.[1] Propulsion is provided by two Combustion Engineering boilers, connected to two Westinghouse turbines.[1] These supply {{convert|70000|hp|lk=in}} to the ship's two propeller shafts.[1] A Tarawa-class vessel can reach a maximum speed of {{convert|24|kn|lk=in}}, and has a maximum range of {{convert|10000|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|20|kn}}.[1] In addition to the main propulsion system, the ships are fitted with a bow thruster.[1] As of 1998, the ships' armament consisted of a Mark 49 RAM surface-to-air missile system, two Vulcan Phalanx close-in weapons systems, six Mark 242 25 mm automatic cannons, and eight 12.7 mm machine guns.[1] Previously, the amphibious warships were fitted with 2 Mark 25 Sea Sparrow missile systems (which were replaced by the Phalanx units), and three 5-inch (127 mm) Mk 45 lightweight guns in bow and starboard aft sponsons (the guns were removed across the class during 1997 and 1998).[1] Countermeasures and decoys include four Mark 36 SRBOC launchers, a SLQ-25 Nixie towed torpedo decoy, a Sea Gnat unit, SLQ-49 chaff decoys.[1] The number of helicopters carried by each vessel was up to 19 Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallions, 26 Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight, or a mix of the two.[1] The {{convert|820|by|118.1|ft|adj=on}} flight deck is fitted with two aircraft lifts, and up to nine Sea Stallions or 12 Sea Knights can be operated simultaneously.[1] With a small amount of modification, the ships could carry and operate up to six McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II jump-jets.[1] The Tarawa-class ships are designed to embark a reinforced battalion of the United States Marine Corps and their equipment.[1] Onboard accommodation is provided for up to 1,703 marines, while {{convert|33730|cuft}} is provided for the battalion's vehicles, and {{convert|116900|cuft}} is allocated for stores and other equipment.[1] As well as deploying by helicopters, personnel and equipment can be embarked or offloaded via a {{convert|268|by|78|ft|adj=on}} well deck in each ship's stern.[1] Up to four LCU 1610 landing craft can be transported in and operated from the well deck, along with other designs and combinations of landing craft (two LCU and two LCM-8, or 17 LCM-6, or 45 LVT).[1] The Tarawa design was later repeated for the {{sclass-|Wasp|amphibious assault ship|2}}s, with some changes.[2] The main changes to the latter eight-ship class include the lower placement of the ship's bridge aboard the Wasps, the relocation of the command and control facilities to inside the hull, modifications to allow the operation of Harrier jump-jets and Landing Craft Air Cushion hovercraft, and removal of the 5-inch guns and their sponsons to increase the overall size of the flight deck.[2][19] ConstructionAll five warships were built by Ingalls Shipbuilding, at this company's shipyard in Pascagoula, Mississippi.[1] Tarawa was approved for construction during Fiscal Year 1969, with two more ships of this class ordered by Congress in the 1970 and 1971 fiscal years.[1] Design problems emerged early in the LHA program and contrary to the intent of the Total Package Procurement concept, the Navy became heavily involved in the design process.[3] Nine ships were originally contracted for the Tarawa class, but that number was reduced to five in January 1971.[3] The other four ships were never built for the Navy.[1] Work on the first warship of this class, {{USS|Tarawa|LHA-1|6}}, began on 15 November 1971, and she was commissioned into the Navy on 29 May 1976.[1] The last of the five ships, {{USS|Peleliu|LHA-5|6}}, was completed on 3 May 1980.[1] Operational history{{empty section|date=September 2011}}Decommissioning and replacement{{Main|America-class amphibious assault ship}}The Tarawas began leaving service in 2005. By April 2011, four of the five amphibious assault ships had been decommissioned, leaving only Peleliu in active service.[4] Peleliu was decommissioned on 31 March 2015 in San Diego.[5] The Tarawa class is to be replaced by the {{sclass-|America|amphibious assault ship|4}}.[6] The first America-class vessel was delivered and commissioned in 2014. Ships in class
Citations1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Sharpe (ed.), Jane's Fighting Ships 1998–99, p. 822 2. ^1 Bishop & Chant, Aircraft Carriers, p. 230 3. ^1 {{cite book|title=Two Navy Ship Contracts Modified By Public Law 850804 -- Status As Of July 29, 1979|date=29 July 1979|publisher=General Accounting Office|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=1|url=http://www.gao.gov/assets/130/129277.pdf|accessdate=4 January 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=United States Navy Fact File - AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT SHIPS - LHA/LHD/LHA(R)|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=400&ct=4%20target=_blank|accessdate=23 May 2014}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=US Navy decommissions USS Peleliu|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsus-navy-decommissions-uss-peleliu-4545317|publisher=naval-technology.com|date=2 April 2015|accessdate=25 June 2015}} 6. ^1 Wertheim (ed.), The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World, p. 921 References
External links{{Commons category|Tarawa class amphibious assault ships}}
4 : Amphibious warfare vessel classes|Helicopter carrier classes|Tarawa-class amphibious assault ships|Cold War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States |
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