| 词条 | Salvelinus umbla |
| 释义 |
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Salvelinus umbla.jpg | image_caption = Salvelinus umbla juvenile | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Actinopterygii | ordo = Salmoniformes | familia = Salmonidae | genus = Salvelinus | species = S. umbla | binomial = Salvelinus umbla | binomial_authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonyms =Salmo umbla Linnaeus, 1758 Salmo salvelinus Linnaeus, 1758 Salvelinus salvelinus (Linnaeus, 1758) }}Salvelinus umbla, also known as lake char, is a species of char found in certain lakes of the region of the Alps in Europe.[2] This char species usually inhabits the deeper waters of the lakes, feeding on crustaceans, insects and benthic fauna. Larger specimens can be piscivores. They look for areas with pebbly or stony bottom on steep slopes, at depths between 30 and 120 m during the spawning season.[3] DistributionThis char species lives in alpine and subalpine glacial valley lakes of central Europe, between France and Austria and between Germany and Northern Italy. It has been introduced in high altitude lakes as well. Although it is assessed as a least concern species by IUCN, the eutrophication of the lakes in the Subalpine region, which began in the 1950s and peaked in 1979, badly affected Salvelinus umbla populations, which crashed during that period. The lake char became locally extinct in lakes such as Mondsee and other char species, such as Salvelinus profundus, were driven to extinction in the same period. Currently, however, most lake char populations are gradually recovering.[4] The name Salvelinus umbla has also been used in Sweden of char populations of central parts of the country, referred to as storröding (large char) in distinction of the northern fjällröding ( = Salvelinus alpinus).[5] These populations are not thought to be related to the Central European populations, however. References1. ^IUCN Red list 2. ^Salvelinus umbla - FishBase 3. ^EOL - Salvelinus umbla - Lake Char 4. ^The German Federal Nature Conservation Agency (BfN): Red List - Volume 1: Vertebrates (2009) - General assessment for the vertebrate groups {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623053516/http://www.bfn.de/0322_rote-liste-wirbeltiere+M52087573ab0.html |date=2013-06-23 }} 5. ^Svensson M et al. (2010) [https://www.slu.se/Global/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/artdatabanken/Dokument/R%C3%B6dlistan/Artgrupper/Rodlista2010-fiskar.pdf Fiskar - Fishes - Pisces] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190425/https://www.slu.se/Global/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/artdatabanken/Dokument/R%C3%B6dlistan/Artgrupper/Rodlista2010-fiskar.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }} In Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2010 (Swedish Red List 2010), 323-332 External links
4 : Salvelinus|Cold water fish|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|Fish described in 1758 |
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