| 词条 | Tenzing Norgay |
| 释义 |
| name = Tenzing Norgay | image = {{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center|align = center|direction = vertical|width = 200|image1 = Tenzing Norgay (cropped).jpg|image2 = Tenzing Norgay signature.svg}} | caption = Norgay in Sweden (1967) | birth_name = Namgyal Wangdi | main_discipline = Mountaineer | birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|5|29|df=yes}} | birth_place = Khumbu, Solukhumbu District, Sagarmatha Zone, Nepal | death_date = {{death date and age|1986|5|9|1914|5|29|df=y}} | death_place = Darjeeling, West Bengal, India | nationality = Nepalese, Indian | start_age = 19 years | start_discipline = Porter | notable_ascents = First ascent of Mount Everest, 1953 | partnerships = Edmund Hillary | spouse = Dawa Phuti (1935–1944; her death ) Ang Lahmu (1945–1964; her death) Dakku (m. ? – 1986; his death ) | children = Nima Dorje, Pem Pem, Nima, Jamling, Norbu, Deki and Dhamey | grandchildren = Tenzing Norgay Trainor }}Tenzing Norgay {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GM}} {{post-nominals|list=OSN}} ({{IPAc-en|'|t|ɛ|n|s|ɪ|ŋ|_|'|n|ɔːr|ɡ|eɪ}}; {{Lang-xsr|བསྟན་འཛིན་ནོར་རྒྱས}} tendzin norgyé; 29 May 1914 – 9 May 1986), born Namgyal Wangdi and often referred to as Sherpa Tenzing, was a Nepali-Indian Sherpa mountaineer.[1][2] He was one of the first two individuals known to reach the summit of Mount Everest, which he accomplished with Edmund Hillary on 29 May 1953.[3] Time named him one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.[4] Early lifeThere are conflicting accounts of his early life. The account he gave in his autobiography, accepted for several years, is that he was a Sherpa born and raised in Tengboche, Khumbu, in northeastern Nepal.[5] In an interview with All India Radio in 1985, Tenzing Norgay said that his parents came from Tibet, but that he was born in Nepal.{{Request quotation|date=June 2017}}[6] According to many later alternate accounts, he was born in Tibet, China[7] at Tse Chu in the Kama Valley, and spent his early childhood in Kharta, nearby to the north; Tenzing went to Nepal as a child to work for a Sherpa family in Khumbu.[2][8][9][10][11][12] Khumbu lies near Mount Everest, which the Tibetans and Sherpas call Chomolungma, which in Standard Tibetan means "Holy Mother", or the goddess of the summit.[13] Norgay was a Nepalese Buddhist; Buddhism is the traditional religion of the Sherpas and Tibetans. His exact date of birth is unknown, but he knew it was in late May by the weather and the crops. After his ascent of Everest on 29 May 1953, he decided to celebrate his birthday on that day thereafter. His year of birth, according to the Tibetan calendar, was the Year of the Rabbit, making it likely that he was born in 1914.[5] Norgay was originally called "Namgyal Wangdi", but as a child his name was changed on the advice of the head lama and founder of Rongbuk Monastery, Ngawang Tenzin Norbu.[14] "Tenzing Norgay" translates as "wealthy-fortunate-follower-of-religion". His father, a yak herder, was Ghang La Mingma (d. 1949), and his mother was Dokmo Kinzom (who lived to see him climb Everest); he was the 11th of 13 children, most of whom died young.[5] Tenzing ran away from home twice in his teens, first to Kathmandu and later Darjeeling, India, at that time the starting point for most expeditions in eastern Himalaya. He was once sent to Tengboche Monastery to become a monk, but he decided that was not for him and departed.[15] At the age of 19, he eventually settled in the Sherpa community in Toonsong Busty in Darjeeling. MountaineeringNorgay received his first opportunity to join an Everest expedition when he was employed by Eric Shipton, leader of the 1935 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition. As a 20-year-old his chance came when two of the others failed their medical tests. As a friend of Ang Tharkay (a Sherpa sirdar who had been on the 1933 British Mount Everest expedition), Norgay was quickly pushed forward, and his attractive smile caught the eye of Shipton, who decided to take him on. Norgay participated as a high-altitude porter in three official British attempts to climb Everest from the northern Tibetan side in the 1930s.[5] On the 1936 expedition, he worked with John Morris. He also took part in other climbs in various parts of the Indian subcontinent. For a time in the early 1940s Norgay lived in the princely state of Chitral (that later became a part of Pakistan on partition of India) as batman to a Major Chapman. Norgay's first wife died during his tenure there and was buried there. He returned to Darjeeling with his two daughters during the Indian partition of 1947, and managed to cross India by train without a ticket and without being challenged, by wearing one of Major Chapman's old uniforms.[5] In 1947, Norgay participated in an unsuccessful summit attempt of Everest. Canadian-born Earl Denman, Ange Dawa Sherpa, and Norgay entered Tibet illegally to attempt the mountain; the attempt ended when a strong storm at {{convert|22000|ft}} pounded them. Denman admitted defeat, and all three turned around and safely returned.[5] In 1947, Norgay became a sirdar of a Swiss expedition for the first time, following a magnificent performance in the rescue of Sirdar Wangdi Norbu who had fallen and been seriously injured. The expedition reached the main summit of Kedarnath at {{convert|22769|ft}} in the western Garhwal Himalaya with Norgay being one of the summit party.[16] 1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition{{Main|1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition}}In 1952, he took part in the two Swiss expeditions led by Edouard Wyss-Dunant (spring) and Gabriel Chevalley (autumn), the first serious attempts to climb Everest from the southern (Nepalese) side, after two previous US and British reconnaissance expeditions in 1950 and 1951. Raymond Lambert and Tenzing Norgay were able to reach a height of about {{convert|8595|m|0}} on the southeast ridge, setting a new climbing altitude record.[17] The expedition opened up a new route on Everest that was successfully climbed the next year. Norgay and Raymond Lambert reached on 28 May the then-record height of {{convert|8600|m|0}},[18] and this expedition, during which Norgay was for the first time considered a full expedition member ("the greatest honour that had ever been paid me") [5] forged a lasting friendship between Norgay and his Swiss friends, in particular Raymond Lambert. During the autumn expedition, the team was stopped by bad weather after reaching an altitude of {{convert|8100|m|0}}.[5] Success on Mount Everest{{Main|1953 British Mount Everest expedition}}In 1953, Tenzing Norgay took part in John Hunt's expedition, the latter's seventh expedition to Everest. A member of the team was Edmund Hillary, who had a near-miss following a fall into a crevasse but was saved from hitting the bottom by Norgay's prompt action in securing the rope using his ice axe, which led Hillary to consider him the climbing partner of choice for any future summit attempt.[19] The Hunt expedition totalled over 400 people, including 362 porters, 20 Sherpa guides and {{convert|10000|lb}} of baggage,[20] and like many such expeditions, was a team effort. The expedition set up base camp in March 1953. Working slowly, they set up their penultimate camp at the South Col, at {{convert|25900|ft}}. On 26 May, Tom Bourdillon and Charles Evans attempted the climb, but turned back when Evans' oxygen system failed. The pair had reached the South Summit, coming within 300 vertical feet (91 m) of the summit.[21] Hunt then directed Norgay and Hillary to go for the summit. Snow and wind held the pair up at the South Col for two days. They set out on 28 May with a support trio comprising Ang Nyima, Alfred Gregory and George Lowe. Norgay and Hillary pitched a tent at {{convert|27900|ft}} on 28 May while their support group returned down the mountain. On the following morning Hillary discovered that his boots had frozen solid outside the tent. He spent two hours warming them before he and Tenzing attempted the final ascent, wearing {{convert|30|lb|adj=mid}} packs.[22] The last part of the ascent comprised a {{convert|40|ft|adj=mid}} rock face later named the "Hillary Step". Hillary saw a means to wedge his way up a crack in the face between the rock wall and the ice, and Norgay followed.[23] From there, the following effort was relatively simple. They reached Everest's {{convert|29028|ft|adj=mid}} summit, the highest point on Earth, at 11:30 a.m.[24] As Hillary put it, "A few more whacks of the ice axe in the firm snow, and we stood on top."[25] They spent only about 15 minutes at the summit. Hillary took the famous photo of Norgay posing with his ice-axe, but since Norgay had never used a camera, Hillary's ascent went unrecorded. However, according to Norgay's autobiography Man of Everest,[5] when Norgay offered to take Hillary's photograph Hillary declined—"I motioned to Hillary that I would now take his picture. But for some reason he shook his head; he did not want it".[26][27] Additional photos were taken looking down the mountain, in order to re-assure that they had made it to the top and to document that the ascent was not faked.[28] The two had to take care on the descent after discovering that drifting snow had covered their tracks, complicating the task of retracing their steps. The first person they met was Lowe, who had climbed up to meet them with hot soup. Afterwards, Norgay was met with great adulation in Nepal and India. Hillary and Hunt were knighted by Queen Elizabeth II,[29] while Norgay received the George Medal for his efforts on the expedition.[14][30] It has been suggested that Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru refused permission for Norgay to be knighted.[14] {{cquote|It has been a long road ... From a mountain coolie, a bearer of loads, to a wearer of a coat with rows of medals who is carried about in planes and worries about income tax.|||Tenzing Norgay[5]}}Norgay and Hillary were the first people to conclusively set foot on the summit of Mount Everest, but journalists were persistently repeating the question: "Which of the two men had the right to the glory of being the first one, and who was merely the second, the follower?" Colonel Hunt, the expedition leader, declared, "They reached it together, as a team."[31] After EverestTenzing Norgay became the first Director of Field Training of the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute in Darjeeling, when it was set up in 1954. In January 1975, with permission of the King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, Norgay served as sirdar (guide) for the first American tourist party allowed into the country.[32][33] Brought together by a company then called Mountain Travel (now called Mountain Travel-Sobek), the group first met Norgay in India before beginning the trek. The official trek began in Paro, northern Bhutan and included a visit to Tiger's Nest (Paro Taktsang), the ancient Buddhist monastery, before returning to India via Nepal and Sikkim. Norgay even introduced his group to the King of Sikkim (the last king of Sikkim, as Sikkim is now a part of India) and also brought them to his home in India for a farewell celebration.[33] In 1978 Norgay founded Tenzing Norgay Adventures,[34] a company providing trekking adventures in the Himalayas. As of 2003, the company was run by his son Jamling Tenzing Norgay, who himself reached the summit of Everest in 1996.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} On 10 May 1984 Tenzing Norgay, together with Grp Capt A. J. S. Grewal, Principal of the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute, attended the 10th-anniversary celebrations of The School of Adventure, Mysore, Karnataka held at the Mysore Institution of Engineers' auditorium.{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} HonoursIn 1938, after Norgay's third Everest expedition as a porter, the Himalayan Club awarded him its Tiger Medal for high-altitude work.[14] On 7 June 1953, it was announced that the newly crowned Queen Elizabeth II wished to recognize Norgay's achievements, and on 1 July 10 Downing Street, announced that following consultation with the governments of India and Nepal the Queen had approved awarding him the George Medal.[35][36] He also received, along with the rest of the Everest party, the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} In 1953, King Tribhuvan of Nepal presented him with the Order of the Star of Nepal, 1st Class (Supradipta-Manyabara-Nepal-Tara).[37][38] In 1959, the Government of India awarded him the Padma Bhushan, the third-highest civilian award of India.[39] Norgay also received several other decorations through his career.{{which|date=September 2015}}{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} In May 2013, Norgay's grandson, Tashi Tenzing, said he believed his grandfather should have been knighted, not just given "a bloody medal".[40][41] In September 2013, the Government of Nepal proposed naming a {{convert|7916|ft|adj=mid}} mountain in Nepal Tenzing Peak in Norgay's honour.[42] In July 2015, the highest-known, {{convert|3.4|km|ft|adj=mid|-high}} mountain range on the dwarf planet Pluto was named Tenzing Montes.[43] Personal lifeNorgay was married three times. His first wife, Dawa Phuti, died young in 1944. They had a son, Nima Dorje, who died at the age of four, and two daughters: Pem Pem, whose son, Tashi Tenzing, climbed Everest, and Nima, who married a Filipino graphic designer, Noli Galang. Norgay's second wife was Ang Lahmu, a cousin of his first wife. They had no children, but she was a foster mother to his daughters. His third wife was Dakku, whom he married while his second wife was still alive, as allowed by Sherpa custom (see polygyny). They had three sons (Norbu, Jamling and Dhamey), and one daughter, Deki. Jamling would join Peter Hillary, Edmund Hillary's son, in climbing Everest in 2003 on the 50th anniversary of their fathers' climb. Other relatives include Norgay's nephews Nawang Gombu and Topgay, who took part in the 1953 Everest expedition; his grandsons, Tashi Tenzing, who lives in Sydney, Australia, and Tenzing, Kalden and Yonden Trainor. Tenzing Trainor rose to fame on Liv and Maddie.[5][44] Norgay died of a cerebral hemorrhage in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India, on May 9, 1986[7] at the age of 71.[45][46] His remains were cremated in the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute, Darjeeling, his favorite haunt. His widow Dakku died in 1992.[47] LegacyArt, entertainment and mediaLiterature
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Notes1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tenzingasianholidays.com/about-us/history.html |title=Tenzing Norgay and the Sherpas of Everest — Sherpa Tenzing Norgay Nepalese Mountaineer- Information on Tenzing Norgay |publisher=tenzingasianholidays.com |date= |access-date=2 March 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302075925/http://www.tenzingasianholidays.com/about-us/history.html |archivedate=2 March 2014 |df=dmy-all }} 2. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Douglas |first1=Ed |title=Secret past of the man who conquered Everest |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/dec/24/books.booksnews |access-date=22 August 2014 |work=The Observer |date=24 December 2000}} 3. ^{{cite web |last=Morris |first=Jan |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991255,00.html |title=The Conquerors HILLARY & TENZING |publisher=TIME |date=14 June 1999 |access-date=21 February 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,26473,00.html |title=TIME 100 Persons of The Century | publisher=TIME |date=6 June 1999 |access-date=31 May 2017}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite book |authors=Norgay, Tenzing & Ullman, James Ramsey |title=Man of Everest |date=1955}} also published as The Tiger of the Snows 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GbTgL6xpQuE|title=Tenzing Norgay Sherpa's interview, in Tibetan, with All India Radio, Kurersong, India.|first=|last=Sonam G. Sherpa|date=27 August 2013|publisher=|accessdate=27 March 2018|via=YouTube}} 7. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Touching My Father's Soul: a Sherpa's Journey to the Top of Everest|last=Norgay|first=Jamling Tenzing|last2=Coburn|first2=Broughton|publisher=HarperSanFrancisco|others=Forward by His Holiness the Dalai Lama|year=2002|isbn=0062516876|location=San Francisco, California|pages=XVI|chapter="Introduction" written by Jon Krakauer, February 2001|oclc=943113647|quote="On May 9, 1986, while Jamling was still enrolled at Northland, he received word that his father had abruptly collapsed and died."}} 8. ^{{Cite ODNB|id=50064|title=Tenzing Norgay}} 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Webster |first1=Ed |title=Snow in the Kingdom : my storm years on Everest |date=2000 |publisher=Mountain Imagery |location=Eldorado Springs, Colorado |isbn=9780965319911}} 10. ^{{cite news |last1=Rai |first1=Hemlata |title=The Fortunate Son |url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/nepalitimes/pdf/Nepali_Times_147.pdf |access-date=22 August 2014 |work=Nepali Times |date=30 May 2003}} 11. ^{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Sujoy |title=Sixty years of the dream conquest |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140406/jsp/calcutta/story_18158348.jsp#.U_eiUqOK195 |access-date=22 August 2014 |work=The Telegraph, Calcutta |date=6 April 2014}} 12. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.sherpals.com |title=Honours: Honours for Tenzing |date=7 October 2014}} 13. ^{{cite book |title=Everest |date=1998 |edition=IMAX |author=Norgay's son |url=http://www.netflix.com/WiPlayer?movieid=22303843&trkid=&tctx= }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 14. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |author=Hansen, Peter H. |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/50064 |title=Tenzing Norgay [Sherpa Tenzing] (1914–1986) |work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2004 |access-date=18 January 2008 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/50064}} 15. ^{{cite book |author=Ortner, Sherry B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wLgim3BZ5mwC&pg=PA112&dq=norgay+Tengboche#v=onepage&q=norgay%20Tengboche&f=false |title=Life and Death on Mt. Everest: Sherpas and Himalayan Mountaineering |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2001 |page=112 |isbn=0-691-07448-8}} 16. ^{{cite book |last1=Isserman |first1=Maurice |last2=Weaver |first2=Stewart |title=Fallen Giants : A History of Himalayan Mountaineering from the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes |date=2008 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |isbn=9780300115017 |edition=1 |p=236}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://imagingeverest.rgs.org/Concepts/Virtual_Everest/-116.html |title=Tenzing Norgay GM |publisher=The Royal Geographical Society |work=Imaging Everest |access-date=21 June 2007}} 18. ^{{cite book |title=The Himalayan Database |date=n.d. |page=??? |url=http://www.himalayandatabase.com/index.html}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1575208/Sir-Edmund-Hillary.html |title=Sir Edmund Hillary |publisher=Telegraph |date= |access-date=21 February 2014}} 20. ^{{cite web |author= |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fromthearchive/story/0,,966102,00.html |title=Hillary of New Zealand and Tenzing reach the top | World news |publisher=theguardian.com |date= |access-date=21 February 2014}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.unlockingthearchives.rgs.org/resources/documents/Reaching%20the%20Top3.pdf |title=Reaching The Top |publisher=Royal Geographical Society |access-date=13 January 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216030022/http://www.unlockingthearchives.rgs.org/resources/documents/Reaching%20the%20Top3.pdf |archivedate=16 February 2008 |df=dmy-all }} 22. ^{{cite book |author=Hillary, Edmund |title=High Adventure: The True Story of the First Ascent of Everest}} 23. ^{{cite book |title=Ascent: Two Lives Explored (The Autobiographies of Sir Edmund and Peter Hillary)}} 24. ^{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_1478658.htm |title=Environment & Nature News — Everest not as tall as thought – 10/10/2005 |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=10 October 2005 |access-date=21 February 2014}} 25. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/history/firstsummit2.html |title=NOVA Online | Everest | First to Summit (2) |publisher=Pbs.org |date= |access-date=21 February 2014}} 26. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3740536.stm |title=Asia-Pacific | Obituary: Sir Edmund Hillary |publisher=BBC News |date=11 January 2008 |access-date=21 February 2014}} 27. ^Norgay left chocolates in the snow as an offering, and Hillary left a cross that he had been given. 28. ^{{cite web |author= |url=http://imagingeverest.rgs.org/concepts/Virtual_Everest/-285.html |title=The Photographs |publisher=Imagingeverest.rgs.org |date=29 May 1953 |access-date=21 February 2014}} 29. ^{{London Gazette|issue=39886|page=3273|date=12 June 1953}} 30. ^{{cite news |title=Man of the mountains Tenzing dies |first=Paul |last=Vallely |work=The Times |date=10 May 1986}} 31. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/11/world/asia/11iht-obits.3.9154035.html|title=Sir Edmund Hillary, 88, a conqueror of Everest|last=Mcfadden|first=Robert D.|date=2008-01-01|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2017-01-18}} 32. ^{{cite web |last=Giles |first=Kea |url=http://keagiles.blogspot.com/2010/04/branding-bhutan.html |title=Dragonfly Wars: "Branding Bhutan" — or the story of a "Trek through Time" |publisher=Keagiles.blogspot.com |date=4 April 2010 |access-date=21 February 2014}} 33. ^1 {{cite news |date=28 June 1982 |location=Boulder, CO |work=Daily Camera |title=Trek through Time |pages=1C, 3C}} 34. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tenzing-norgay.com/ |title=Welcome to the site of Tenzing Norgay Adventures |publisher=Tenzing-norgay.com |date= |access-date=21 February 2014}} 35. ^{{cite news |title=George Medal for Tensing — Award Approved by the Queen |work=The Times |location=London |issue=52663 |date=2 July 1953 |page=6}} 36. ^Hansen (2004): "In Britain the queen gave Tenzing the George Medal, a comparatively obscure but high civilian award for gallantry" 37. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.achievement.org/achievers/hil0/large/hil0-038.jpg |title=Tenzing Norgay photograph |publisher=Achievement.org |access-date=21 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212151540/http://www.achievement.org/achievers/hil0/large/hil0-038.jpg |archive-date=12 December 2013 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 38. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.royalark.net/Nepal/orders.htm |title=orders |publisher=Royalark.net |date= |access-date=21 February 2014}} 39. ^{{cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015}} 40. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Tenzing-should-have-been-knighted/tabid/417/articleID/299631/Default.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130703155357/http://www.3news.co.nz/Tenzing-should-have-been-knighted/tabid/417/articleID/299631/Default.aspx |dead-url=yes |archive-date=3 July 2013 |work=3 News NZ |title=Tenzing 'should have been knighted' |date=30 May 2013 }} 41. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/29/everest-anniversary-tenzing-norgay |work=The Guardian |title=Everest anniversary: Tenzing Norgay's grandson calls for 'gesture' from Britain |date=29 May 2013}} 42. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/06/mount-everest-hillary-tensing-peaks |work=The Guardian |title=Mount Everest: Hillary and Tenzing to have peaks named after them |date=6 September 2013}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau1704/|title=International Astronomical Union - IAU|author=|date=|website=www.iau.org|accessdate=27 March 2018}} 44. ^{{cite book |authors=Norgay, Tenzing & Barnes, Malcolm |title=After Everest |date=1978}} 45. ^{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/remembering-tenzing-norgay-on-his-29th-death-anniversary/1/437369.html|title=Tenzing Norgay: Interesting facts about the Mountaineer's Life|author=|date=|website=India Today|accessdate=27 March 2018}} 46. ^{{cite journal |title= TENZING NORKAY, 72, IS DEAD: CLIMBED EVEREST WITH HILLARY |date= May 10, 1986 |journal= The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/10/obituaries/tenzing-norkay-72-is-dead-climbed-everest-with-hillary.html |accessdate= October 16, 2018}} 47. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1992-09-23/news/9209230223_1_tenzing-norgay-everest-sir-edmund-hillary|title=Daku Norgay|author=|date=|website=orlandosentinel.com|accessdate=27 March 2018}} 48. ^{{ cite web |url=http://www.amarchitrakatha.com/us/tenzing-norgay/ |title=Tenzing Norgay — Amar Chitra Katha |access-date=4 January 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105000323/http://www.amarchitrakatha.com/us/tenzing-norgay |archivedate=5 January 2015 |df=dmy-all }} 49. ^{{cite book |editor=Cole, William |title=The Fireside Book Of Humorous Poetry |publisher=Hamish Hamilton |date=1965 |page=388}} 50. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.worldhum.com/weblog/item/introducing_tenzing_hillary_airport_20080211/ |title=Introducing Tenzing Hillary Airport — Travel Blog |publisher=World Hum |date= |access-date=21 February 2014}} 51. ^{{cite web |url=http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20170907 |title=Pluto Features Given First Official Names |publisher=NASA |date=7 September 2017 |access-date=25 September 2017}} 52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.knoxvilletn.gov/cms/One.aspx?portalId=109562&pageId=182588|title=Knoxville Zoo's Red Panda Cubs Officially Named - City of K...|author=|date=|website=www.knoxvilletn.gov|accessdate=27 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831091231/http://www.knoxvilletn.gov/cms/One.aspx?portalId=109562&pageId=182588|archive-date=31 August 2017|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/SF-Zoos-Adorable-New-Red-Panda-Named-Tenzing-258335091.html|title=San Francisco Zoo's Adorable New Red Panda Named "Tenzing"|author=|date=|website=nbcbayarea.com|accessdate=27 March 2018}} 54. ^{{cite web|url=http://hamiltonzoo.co.nz/news-and-diaries/zoo-news/red-panda-tenzing-/|title=Tenzing Norgay's family learns of red panda namesake - Hamilton Zoo|author=|date=|website=hamiltonzoo.co.nz|accessdate=27 March 2018}} 55. ^{{Cite web|url=http://hamiltonzoo.co.nz/news-and-diaries/zoo-news/red-pandas-now-classified-as-endangered/|title=Red pandas now classified as endangered - Hamilton Zoo|website=hamiltonzoo.co.nz|access-date=2017-08-31}} References
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11 : 1914 births|1986 deaths|People from Solukhumbu District|Recipients of the George Medal|Nepalese Buddhists|Nepalese mountain climbers|Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in sports|Recipients of the Order of the Star of Nepal|Sherpa summiters of Mount Everest|Tenzing Norgay|Nepalese summiters of Mount Everest |
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开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。