| 词条 | Siege of Baghdad (1733) |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Siege of Baghdad |partof= the Ottoman–Persian War (1730–35) and Nader's Campaigns |image=1733 Siege of Baghdad.jpg |image_size=340px |caption=The campaign in the Eyalat of Baghdad from Nader's invasion up to his defeat at Samarra which resulted in the lifting of the siege of Baghdad. |date=February–July 1733 |place=Baghdad, Mesopotamia |result=Unsuccessful siege
|combatant1={{flagicon image|Safavid Flag.svg}} Safavid Empire |combatant2={{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Ottoman Empire |commander1=Nader Mohammad Khan Baluch(at the time of siege being broken) |commander2=Ahmad Pasha Topal Pasha |strength1= 100,000
|strength2= Unknown |casualties1= Heavy |casualties2= Heavy }}{{Campaignbox Ottoman-Persian War (1730-35)}}{{Campaignbox Nader}}{{Campaignbox Ottoman-Persian Wars}} The Siege of Baghdad (1733) was a relatively short but intense siege of Ottoman-held Baghdad by the Persian army under Nader. The outcome was determined not at Baghdad but ultimately far to the north near Samara where a large relief force commanded by the Topal Pasha inflicted a decisive defeat on Nader's Persian army (the only battlefield defeat of Nader's career). The Persian besiegers were forced away with the loss of most of their equipment and saving a much exhausted garrison desperate for relief. Commencement of the siegeAhmad Pasha, the governor of the Baghdad Eyalat, cautiously held to the left bank of the Tigris knowing what a formidable barrier it posed to the invading Persian army. Nader camped on the east side and resorted to a ruse whereby he would fool the Ottomans by keeping a large portion of his men in and around the camp but only to gather a small hand-picked group of soldiers to march north under the cover of night. On February 15 Nader crossed the Tigris with 2,500 and immediately moved south with another 1,500 men managing to make the crossing to follow Nader just before the bridge over the river collapsed into it. Ahmad Pasha accelerated his force up the Tigris as soon as he heard of the Persian contingent's presence on the left bank of the river. Nader's small band included three fowj of Kurdish (each "fowj" being a unit of 1,000 soldiers), Turcomen and Abdali Afghan troops which he formed up against a formidable Ottoman assault containing artillery, cavalry and janissaries (infantry). The Turcomen and Kurds were driven back but the Abdali held long enough for the 1,500 men that crossed the Tigris before the collapse of the bridge to come from the north. Nader drew them up in formation and fed them into the battle, gradually pushing Ahmad pasha's line back until it was broken and the remnants fled towards Baghdad leaving many guns and corpses behind. Nader ordered some of the Kurds and Turcomen hanged for their cowardice in the face of danger and conversely rewarded the Abdali. The environs of Baghdad were soon swarming with Persian soldiers as they joined their comrades from the east bank of the Tigris and began a colossal effort constructing 2,700 towers around the perimeter of the city. It is estimated that a total of 300,000 Persians were besieging the walls of Baghdad although just a 100,000 of them were soldiers. Topal Osman Pasha arrivesThe outcome of the siege however was decided many miles to the north of Baghdad near a city called Samarra where Istanbul had sent the best army it could muster under the command of the best general it had: Topal Osman Pasha. Nader arrogantly marched north to attack the Ottoman relief force instead of choosing a suitable battlefield for a defensive battle. The result was one of the most bloody engagements of Nader's campaigns with almost half the Persian army becoming 'hors de combat' with even the Ottomans losing a quarter of their army leaving a terrifying 20,000 men as casualties of the debacle. The battle was in fact so crushingly decisive that it forced the Persian from Ottoman Iraq altogether, saving Baghdad from certain capture by Persia. Although Nader would make a miraculous comeback from his defeat, destroying Topal Pasha's army, he still failed to capture Baghdad in his subsequent campaign (mainly because of an insurrection in southern Persia which required his immediate presence). See also
References1. ^Ghafouri, Ali(2008). History of Iran's wars: from the Medes to now, Etela'at Publishing{{Verify source|date=May 2015}} Sources
8 : Ottoman–Persian Wars|1733 in military history|1733 in the Ottoman Empire|1733 in Iran|Ottoman history of Baghdad|Sieges of Baghdad|Battles involving the Safavid dynasty|Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire |
| 随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。