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词条 Soviet air show
释义

  1. Dates

     Soviet Air Fleet Day  May Day  Other 

  2. Notable first appearances

  3. See also

  4. References

In the life of Soviet Union, air shows were a highly regarded type of parade, almost always of military nature. They happened on various occasions and anniversaries, in many locations across the country. A notable air show was the Tushino Air Show held annually in August.

Dates

Soviet Air Fleet Day

The most frequent date of air shows was the Soviet Air Fleet Day ({{lang-ru|День Воздушного Флота}}). It was also known as the Soviet Air Forces Day ({{lang-ru|День Военно-воздушных Сил}}), or Soviet Aviation Day.[1] It was established in 1933[2] and was most usually held on the third Sunday of August,[3][4][5] weather permitting. The initial exhibition on August 18, 1933,[1][6] was a result of Yakov Alksnis initiative, and was held in Khodynka Aerodrome (the Central Moscow Aerodrome), but since the next[7] year the show became located on Tushino airfield near Moscow, where it remained for entire decades. In 1937, the parade was attended by nearly a million people,[7][8] observing the masses of aircraft spelling in the sky "LENIN", "STALIN" and "SSSR". The celebrations repeated until the fall of Soviet Union, and continue[1][9][10] in Russia (location is now Zhukovskiy airport, see MAKS airshow).

May Day

{{further|May Day}}

The 1st of May was dedicated to multitude of parades throughout the Soviet Union. They often included large-scale flypasts.[11][12]

Other

The Soviet Air Fleet Day became primarily associated with Soviet Air Forces (VVS), so a separate day has been established for Soviet Air Defense Forces (PVO) a second arm of Soviet military that employed numerous fighter squadrons. It was called Soviet Air Defense Forces Day ({{lang-ru|День войск противовоздушной обороны СССР}}),[13] occurred on the second Sunday of April,[14] and was celebrated with air parades of lesser scale.

The October revolution anniversary usually included air parade, but as it was held on 7 November, the aircraft were often cancelled because of weather conditions.[15] The same problem pertained to 19 November, the Soviet Rocket Forces and Artillery Day.

Notably, the 50th anniversary of October revolution air show was held in the summer, on 9 July 1967 at Domodedovo airport. In an unprecedented display of air power, it featured twelve new types or variants of military aircraft,[1][16] and prompted concern in the West.

Notable first appearances

{{Expand list|date=March 2011}}

The Soviet air shows conveyed more than entertainment. In the atmosphere of harshly enforced clandestinity, these air shows were frequently the main source of information about the recent aviation achievements of Soviet design bureaus (OKBs).[1] Both Eastern and Western public opinion benefited from it, as well as foreign military intelligence.[1]

Year Month Day Airfield New fighters
(Soviet designation) 		New bombers
(Soviet designation) 		Other new aircraft Comments Reference
1947 August 3 Tushino airfield Yak-19, La-150, La-156, La-160, Su-9, Su-11 Tu-4, Tu-77 - new jet designs [17]
1954 May 1 Tushino airfield - Myasishchev M-4 - - [12]
1956 June 24 Tushino airfield MiG-21, Su-7B, Su-9     - [18]
1961 July Tushino airfield Tu-28 Tu-22, Yak-28 Be-12, Ka-25, Mi-8, Mi-10 - [18]
1967 July 9 Domodedovo Airport MiG-23, MiG-25, Su-11,[18] Su-15, Su-17, STOL aircraft (MiG, Su, Yak-36) - - major impact in the West [16]
1971 May Vnukovo Airport - - Tu-144, Tu-154, Il-76, Il-62M, Tu-134A, Yak-40, B-12 civil aviation exhibition [1]

See also

  • Air show
  • Flypast
  • Military parade
  • MAKS air show, the current biennial Russian air show

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Pre-history of MAKS - provides the complete information on Russian and Soviet air shows.
2. ^Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decree 859 of 28.04.1933
3. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O_DSAvPZ7GAC&lpg=PA15&dq=august%201933%20parade%20Soviet&pg=PA15#v=onepage&q=august%201933%20parade%20Soviet&f=false|title=Life has become more joyous, comrades: Celebrations in the time of Stalin|isbn=978-0-253-33768-9|author1=Petrone|first1=Karen|year=2000}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.besttopnews.com/news/interesting_news/15-08-2010/84691-0 |title=Airmen celebrate their professional holiday |deadurl=no |accessdate=31 July 2012}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.russianlife.com/giftgiving.cfm |title=Russian Life magazine |deadurl=no |accessdate=31 July 2012}}
6. ^Curiously, the August 17, 1933, was the date of the first launch of Soviet rocket - GIRD-09. {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ygg66pf52OsC&lpg=PA78&dq=%2217%20august%22%20Soviet&pg=PA78#v=onepage&q=%2217%20august%22%20Soviet&f=false|title=The Soviet armaments industry|isbn=978-3-7186-5313-3|author1=Albrecht|first1=Ulrich|last2=Nikutta|first2=Randolph|date=October 1993}}
7. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dHNTAAAAMAAJ&dq=august+1933+parade+Soviet&q=%22its+%27political%27+formation+flying%22#search_anchor|title=Soviet helicopters: Design, development and tactics|isbn=978-0-7106-0259-6|author1=Everett-Heath|first1=John|date=1983-05-10}}
8. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cpynoFM-Jf4C&lpg=PA42&dq=Soviet%20air%20power%20day%20airshow&pg=PA42#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Russian aviation and air power in the twentieth century|isbn=978-0-7146-4784-5|author1=Higham|first1=Robin D. S|last2=Greenwood|first2=John T|last3=Hardesty|first3=Von|year=1998}}
9. ^Decree 3564-1 of September 28, 1992: "The establishment of the Russian Air Fleet Day" ({{lang-ru|Об установлении праздника День Воздушного флота России}})
10. ^Decree 949 of 29 August 1997: "On establishing the Day of the Air Force" ({{lang-ru|Об установлении Дня Военно-воздушных сил}}) and a revision 549 of 31 May 2006.
11. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cU4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81&dq=%22May+Day%22+%22air+show%22+Moscow#v=onepage&q=%22May%20Day%22%20%22air%20show%22%20Moscow&f=false|title=LIFE|author1=Inc|first1=Time|date=1949-06-20}} - May Day of 1947
12. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/bomber-intro.htm |title=Soviet and Russian Bombers |deadurl=no |accessdate=31 July 2012}} - May Day of 1954.
13. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AMOAAAAQAAJ&lpg=PA178&dq=%22Soviet%20air%20force%20day%22&pg=PA178#v=onepage&q=%22Soviet%20air%20force%20day%22&f=false|title=The Making of the Soviet citizen: Character formation and civic training in Soviet education|isbn=978-0-7099-5105-6|author1=Avis|first1=George|year=1987}}
14. ^When it was established on 20 February 1975 the commemoration day was set for 11 April but it changed to the second Sunday of April following the decree of 1 October 1980.
15. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,817283,00.html | work=Time | title=RUSSIA: Hero's Return | date=November 17, 1952}}
16. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtWOgKP0sAsC&lpg=PA2&dq=Domodedovo%20air%20show%20%2250th%20anniversary%22&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q=Domodedovo%20air%20show%20%2250th%20anniversary%22&f=false|title=Soviet V/STOL aircraft: The struggle for a shipborne combat capability|isbn=978-1-56347-248-0|author1=Hirschberg|first1=Michael J|date=October 1997}}
17. ^{{cite book|last=Dow|first=James|title=The Arrow|year=1997|publisher=James Lorimer|location=Toronto|isbn=1-55028-554-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpiZo5fJrCsC&lpg=PA67&dq=soviet%20Tushino%201947&pg=PA67#v=onepage&q=soviet%20Tushino%201947&f=false|edition=2nd|page=67}}
18. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Jane's All The World's Aircraft|year=1975–1976|isbn=0-354-00521-9|pages=488, 494–521}}
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2 : Aviation in the Soviet Union|Soviet Air Force
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