| 词条 | SparkNotes |
| 释义 |
| name = SparkNotes | logo = SparkNotes logo.svg | url = {{URL|www.sparknotes.com}} | commercial = Yes | type = Study guide | language = English | registration = Optional | owner = Barnes & Noble | author = Sam Yagan, Max Krohn, Chris Coyne, and Eli Bolotin | launch date = September 1, 1999[1] | current status = Active | alexa = {{Decrease}} 3,904 ({{as of|2018|09|17|alt=September 2018}})[1] }} SparkNotes, originally part of a website called The Spark, is a company started by Harvard students Sam Yagan, Max Krohn, Chris Coyne, and Eli Bolotin in 1999 that originally provided study guides for literature, poetry, history, film, and philosophy. Later, SparkNotes expanded to provide study guides for a number of other subjects, including biology, chemistry, economics, health, math, physics, and sociology. SparkNotes does not charge users but instead earns revenue from advertising. Barnes & Noble acquired SparkNotes.com in 2001 for approximately $3.5 million.[2]HistoryTheSpark.com was a literary website launched by four Harvard students on January 7, 1999. Most of TheSpark's users were high school and college students. To increase the site's popularity, the creators published the first six literature study guides (called "SparkNotes") on April 7, 1999.[1][3][4] In 2000, the creators sold the site to iTurf Inc. The following year, Barnes & Noble[4] purchased SparkNotes and selected fifty literature study guides to publish in print format. When Barnes & Noble printed SparkNotes, they stopped selling their chief competitor, CliffsNotes.[5] In January 2003, SparkNotes developed a practice test service called SparkNotes Test Prep. This project was followed by the release of SparkCharts, reference sheets that summarize a topic; No Fear Shakespeare, transcriptions of Shakespeare's plays into modern language; and No Fear Literature, transcriptions of literary classics like The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Scarlet Letter into modern language.[6] Other featuresSparkNotes Test Prep provides content and services related to the ACT, and AP, GRE and PSAT/SAT I and II standardized tests. Barnes & Noble sells printed versions of the test prep study guides, as well as SparkCharts and other printed study materials, in the United States and at Chapters in Canada. The SparkNotes.com website also includes a section students can use to search for colleges. SparkNotes has moved into educational publishing with books, such as Poetry Classics and FlashKids, a series of educational books for Kindergarten to grade 8 students. They also provide exercises for high school teachers. The free SparkNotes mobile app for the iPhone/iPod and Android[7] offers:
Criticism{{criticism section|date=September 2015}}Because SparkNotes provides study guides for literature that include chapter summaries, many teachers see the website as a cheating tool.[8] These teachers argue that students can use SparkNotes as a replacement for actually completing reading assignments with the original material[9][10][11] or to cheat during tests using cell phones with Internet access. SparkNotes states that it does not support academic dishonesty[12] or plagiarism.[13] Instead, it suggests that students read the original material, and then check SparkNotes to compare their own interpretation of the text with the SparkNotes analysis.[9][14][15][16] In January 2019, site developers announced a complete redesign of the SparkLife section of the website in order to focus more on literature related content. This announcement was met with a negative response from SparkLife users due to the removal of user-made accounts, blog posts, and comments.[17][18] == See also ==
References1. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/sparknotes.com |title= Sparknotes.com Site Info |publisher= Alexa Internet |accessdate= 2018-09-17 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160202222141/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/sparknotes.com |archive-date= 2016-02-02 |dead-url= no |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/1142/95012301503532/filing-main.htm |title=Barnes & Noble inc, Form 10-Q, Quarterly Report, Filing Date Jun 18, 2001 |publisher=secdatabase.com |accessdate=May 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515112509/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/1142/95012301503532/filing-main.htm |archive-date=May 15, 2018 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }} 3. ^{{cite news |first=Stacy |last=Martin |title=SITE SPECIFIC-www.sparknotes.com |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/09/05/LVGE88I6RA1.DTL |work=San Francisco Chronicle |publisher=Hearst Communications Inc. |location=San Francisco |date=5 September 2004 |accessdate=2006-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050131025114/http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2004%2F09%2F05%2FLVGE88I6RA1.DTL |archive-date=31 January 2005 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 4. ^1 {{cite news |first=Anais |last=Borja |author2=Lester, Amelia |title=The Rise and Success of Sparknotes |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=121750 |work=The Harvard Crimson |publisher=The Harvard Crims0n Inc. |location=Harvard |date=18 October 2001 |accessdate=2008-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081213002244/http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=121750 |archive-date=13 December 2008 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^{{cite news |first=James |last=Bowman |title=Murder Most Foul |url=http://www.opinionjournal.com/taste/?id=110003858 |work=The Wall Street Journal |publisher=Dow Jones & Company, Inc. |date=8 August 2003 |accessdate=2008-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812124524/http://opinionjournal.com/taste/?id=110003858 |archive-date=12 August 2007 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.sparknotes.com/about/history/|title=A Brief History of SparkNotes|accessdate=2008-02-04|work=SparkNotes|publisher=SparkNotes LLC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212022748/http://www.sparknotes.com/about/history/|archive-date=2008-02-12|dead-url=no|df=}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sparknotes.com/mobile-apps/|title=SparkNotes Mobile Apps|accessdate=12 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919211842/http://www.sparknotes.com/mobile-apps/|archive-date=19 September 2012|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 8. ^{{cite news |first=Lauren |last=Simnauer |author2=Dumler, Christie |title=There's room for sparknotes, too |url=http://www.theviewnewspapers.com/article.asp?article=9154&paper=91&cat=199 |work=The View |publisher=Zip Publishing |date=20 June 2007 |accessdate=2008-03-24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20071221212928/http://www.theviewnewspapers.com/article.asp?article=9154&paper=91&cat=199 |archive-date=21 December 2007 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 9. ^1 {{cite news | first=Andrea | last=Eger | title=Students love study guides | date=22 February 2008 | publisher=World Publishing Co | url =http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=20080222_1_A1_hTeac07026 | work =Tulsa World| accessdate = 2008-03-02 }} 10. ^{{cite news |title=Competition for CliffsNotes arrives on the scene. Later, a popular study supplement called "Kramnotes" were put into circulation. Today they serve as one of Sparknotes top competitors. – in print |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0625/p12s01-legn.html |work=The Christian Science Monitor |date=25 June 2002 |accessdate=2008-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327201543/http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0625/p12s01-legn.html |archive-date=27 March 2008 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 11. ^{{cite news |first=Molly |last=Saltz |title=No, it's a cheap shortcut that does no one any good |url=http://rgweb.registerguard.com/news/2006/01/02/tw.sparkno.0102.p1.php?section=20below |work=The Register-Guard |location=Eugene, Oregon, United States |date=2 January 2006 |accessdate=2008-03-25 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sparknotes.com/about/ |title=About SparkNotes |accessdate=2008-02-06 |work=SparkNotes |publisher=SparkNotes LLC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208163254/http://www.sparknotes.com/about/ |archive-date=2008-02-08 |dead-url=no |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sparknotes.com/help/plagiarism.html |title=Help:The Plagiarism Plague |accessdate=2008-02-06 |last=Kestler |first=Justin |work=SparkNotes |publisher=SparkNotes LLC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306065826/http://www.sparknotes.com/help/plagiarism.html |archive-date=2008-03-06 |dead-url=no |df= }} 14. ^{{cite news |first=Erin |last=Miller |title=Is SparkNotes worthwhile? Yes, used properly it can enhance our education |url=http://rgweb.registerguard.com/news/2006/01/02/tw.sparkyes.0102.p1.php?section=20below |work=The Register-Guard |location=Eugene, Oregon, United States |date=2 January 2006 |accessdate=2008-03-24 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 15. ^{{cite news |first=Kim Ngan |last=Nguyen |title=SparkNotes A Hit With High School Crowd |url=http://www.thedenverchannel.com/education/2526307/detail.html |work=The Denver Channel |publisher=Internet Broadcasting Systems, Inc. |date=2 October 2003 |accessdate=2008-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327183114/http://www.thedenverchannel.com/education/2526307/detail.html |archive-date=27 March 2008 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 16. ^{{cite news |first=Brynne |last=Formato |title=A quick study: online sites speed up reading |url=http://media.www.fairfieldmirror.com/media/storage/paper148/news/2004/02/05/CampusLife/A.Quick.Study.Online.Sites.Speed.Up.Reading-597299.shtml |work=The Mirror |location=Fairfield, Connecticut, United States |date=5 February 2004 |accessdate=2008-03-25 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.sparknotes.com/blog/2019/01/24/coming-soon-the-new-sparknotes-blog/|title=Coming Soon: The New SparkNotes Blog!|last=|first=|date=2019-01-24|website=Sparknotes Blog|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131053123/http://community.sparknotes.com/2019/01/24/coming-soon-the-new-sparknotes-blog|archive-date=2019-01-31|dead-url=|access-date=}} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131051007/http://community.sparknotes.com/sparkler-post/parr_kerr/a-message-to-sparknotes-editors-please-take-time-to-read-if-you-see-this|title=Sparkler Posts » A MESSAGE TO SPARKNOTES EDITORS - please take time to read if you see this|date=2019-01-31|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-02-21}} External links
4 : Educational websites|Educational publishing companies|Barnes & Noble|2001 mergers and acquisitions |
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