| 词条 | Thomas Bourchier (cardinal) |
| 释义 |
| type = cardinal | honorific-prefix = His Eminence | name = Thomas Bourchier | title = Cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury Primate of All England | image = Cardinal Thomas Bourchier.jpg | image_size = 175px | alt = Cardinal Thomas Bourchier | caption = 1909 stained glass depiction in Sevenoaks Church, Kent, of Thomas Bourchier, wearing a cardinal's hat. His residence of Knole House, which he built, was situated opposite the church | appointed = 23 April 1454 | term_start = 26 January 1455 | term_end = 30 March 1486 | predecessor = John Kemp | successor = John Morton | ordination = 1433 | ordinated_by = | consecration = 15 May 1435 | consecrated_by = | cardinal = 18 September 1467 | rank = Cardinal priest | birth_date = c. 1404 | birth_place = | death_date = 30 March 1486 | death_place = Knole House | buried = Canterbury Cathedral | nationality = English | religion = Roman Catholic | coat_of_arms = SeeOfCanterbury Impaling ThomasBourchier TawstockChurch.PNG }}Thomas Bourchier (c. 1404 – 30 March 1486) was a medieval English cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Chancellor of England.[1] OriginsBourchier was a younger son of William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu (d. 1420) by his wife Anne of Gloucester, a daughter of Thomas of Woodstock (1355–1397), youngest son of King Edward III. One of his brothers was Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex (d. 1483), and his great-nephew was John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, the translator of Froissart. Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham was his half-brother. EducationHe was educated at the University of Oxford, after which he entered the church and obtained rapid promotion. CareerAfter holding some minor appointments he was consecrated Bishop of Worcester on 15 May 1434.[2] In the same year of 1434 he was Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and in 1443 was appointed Bishop of Ely.[3] In April 1454 he was made Archbishop of Canterbury,[4] and became Lord Chancellor of England in March 1455.[5] Bourchier's short term of office as chancellor coincided with the start of the Wars of the Roses, and at first he was not a strong partisan, although he lost his position as chancellor when Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, was deprived of power in October 1456. In 1458 he helped to reconcile the contending parties as part of The Love Day, but when the war was renewed in 1459 he had become a decided Yorkist. He crowned Duke Richard's son Edward Plantagenet, 4th Duke of York as King Edward IV in June 1461, and four years later he crowned Edward's queen, Elizabeth Woodville. In 1457 Bourchier took the chief part in the trial for heresy of Reginald Pecock, Bishop of Chichester. In 1473 he was created a cardinal, not after some delay as this honour had been sought for him by King Edward IV in 1465. In 1475 he was one of the four arbitrators appointed to arrange the details of the Treaty of Picquigny between England and France. After the death of King Edward IV in 1483 Bourchier persuaded the queen to allow her younger infant son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, to join his elder infant brother King Edward V in his (supposedly protective) residence in the Tower of London. Although Bourchier had sworn, before his father's death, to be faithful to King Edward V, he nevertheless crowned King Richard III in July 1483. The third English king crowned by Bourchier was King Henry VII (1485–1509), whom he also married to Elizabeth of York in January 1486. Death and burialBourchier died on 30 March 1486[4] at the palatial residence he had transformed, Knole House, near Sevenoaks in Kent, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, where his monument can be found. Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Thomas Bourchier |2= 2. William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu |3= 3. Anne of Gloucester |4= 4. Sir William Bourchier |5= 5. Alianore de Lovayne |6= 6. Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester |7= 7. Eleanor de Bohun |8= 8. Robert Bourchier, 1st Baron Bourchier |9= 9. Margaret Prayers |10= 10. Sir John de Louvaine |11= 11. Margaret Weston |12= 12. Edward III of England |13= 13. Philippa of Hainault |14= 14. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford |15= 15. Joan Fitzalan |16= 16. John de Bourchier |17= 17. Helen Colchester |18= 18. Thomas Prayers |19= 19. Margaret de Essex |20= 20. Thomas de Louvaine |21= 21. Joan de Basing |22= 22. Sir Thomas Weston |23= 23. ?? |24= 24. Edward II of England |25= 25. Isabella of France |26= 26. William I, Count of Hainaut |27= 27. Joan of Valois |28= 28. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton |29= 29. Elizabeth de Badlesmere |30= 30. Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel |31= 31. Eleanor of Lancaster }} Citations1. ^{{cite web |last=Miranda |first=Salvador |title=Thomas Bourchier|url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1467.htm#Bourchier|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church |accessdate=7 March 2015}} 2. ^Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 280 3. ^Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 245 4. ^1 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 234 5. ^Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 87 References{{commons category|Thomas Bourchier (bishop)}}
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15 : Lord Chancellors of England|Archbishops of Canterbury|Bishops of Worcester|Bishops of Ely|English cardinals|Chancellors of the University of Oxford|15th-century Roman Catholic archbishops|1404 births|1486 deaths|Bourchier family|16th-century English bishops|15th-century English people|People of the Tudor period|Burials at Canterbury Cathedral|15th-century English clergy |
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