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词条 Thai Union Group
释义

  1. Brand portfolio

  2. Financial performance

  3. History

  4. Acquisitions

  5. Issues

     Labor  Greenpeace accusations  Slave labor and human rights  Slave labor in the shrimp industry  Environment  Sourcing  Others  Bumble Bee Foods  Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) Emerging Markets  FTSE4Good Emerging Index  Annual Sustainability Report 

  6. Awards

     2016 Gold Standard Award for corporate citizenship  Stop Slavery Award  2017 SEAL Business Sustainability Award  edie Sustainability Leader of the Year Award 

  7. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}{{Infobox company
| logo = Thai-union-logo.png
| name = Thai Union Group PLC.
| traded_as = {{SET|TU}}
| fate =
| caption =
| type = Public Limited Company
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = Thailand ({{Start date|df=yes|1977|03|17}})
| founder =
| defunct =
| location_city = Samut Sakhon
| location_country = Thailand
| locations =
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = Thiraphong Chansiri (President and CEO)
Kraisorn Chansiri (Chairman)
Cheng Niruttinanon (Executive Chairman)
| industry = Food
| products = Seafood (frozen, canned, chilled)
| services =
| revenue = {{increase}} 140 billion baht (2017)
| operating_income =
| net_income = {{increase}} 6 billion baht
| assets = {{increase}} 146.3 billion baht
| equity = {{increase}} 48.2 billion baht
| owner =
| num_employees = 49,000 (2017)
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.thaiunion.com/}}
| footnotes =
| intl =
}}Thai Union Group is a Thailand-based producer of seafood-based food products. It was founded in 1977,[1] and was listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) on 22 November 1994.[1]

Thai Union operates worldwide with plant facilities in France, Ghana, Poland, Portugal, Papua New Guinea, Norway, the Seychelles, Scotland, Vietnam, Thailand and the United States. Its business includes tuna, shrimp, sardines/mackerel, salmon, pet food, and value-added products (prepared foods).[2]

Brand portfolio

Thai Union's brand portfolio includes:

  • Bellotta (business in Thailand)
  • Chicken of the Sea (business in the US)
  • Fisho (business in Thailand)
  • John West (business in the Netherlands and the UK)
  • King Oscar (business in Norway)
  • Mareblu (business in Italy)
  • Marvo (business in Thailand)
  • Parmentier (business in France)
  • {{ill|Petit Navire|fr|vertical-align=sup}} (business in France)
  • {{ill|Rügen Fisch|de|vertical-align=sup}} (business in Germany)
  • Sealect (business in Thailand)

Financial performance

In 2017, Thai Union had revenues of 140 billion baht, with a net profit of six billion baht. Total assets amounted to 146.3 billion baht. Total shareholder equity was 48.2 billion baht.[1]{{RP|24-25}}

Thai Union's target is to achieve US$8 billion in revenue by 2020. The revenue contribution of its different businesses as of 2017 are:[3]{{RP|5}}

  • Ambient seafood business, 45 percent
  • Frozen and chilled seafood and related business, 42 percent
  • PetCare, value-added and others, 13 percent

History

  • 1977: Established on 17 March 1977 as Asian Pacific Thai Tuna Co, Ltd. with initial capital of 25 million baht.[4]
  • 1988: Renamed Thai Union Frozen Products PLC in March 1988.
  • 2010: Acquired MW Brands (now Thai Union Europe) from Trilantic Capital Partners for €680 million.
  • 2010: Expanded and diversified into the pet food business with U.S. Pet Nutrition LLC.
  • 2013: Became the first Thai company to join the UN Global Compact, an initiative aimed at "promoting sustainable and socially responsible policies."[5]
  • 2013: Became a founding member of the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF).
  • 2014: Signed a deal for MW Brands to take over 40-year-old French company MerAlliance, the fourth largest smoked salmon producer in Europe. MerAlliance's revenue for the year to 31 March 2014 was US$220 million.
  • 2014–2017: Included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI) for four consecutive years, with the company ranked in the 97th percentile among companies in the industry.[6][7][8][9]
  • 2015: Rebranded as Thai Union Group PLC (TU).[10] This rebranding was part of an initiative to "integrate all its [Thai Union] subsidiaries under a single new corporate vision, mission and core values, as well as one unified corporate brand."[10]
  • 2016: Launched SeaChange, the company's sustainability strategy.[11]
  • 2016: Chicken of the Sea recalled 107,000 five ounce cans of tuna in the US due to undercooking because of an equipment malfunction at an undisclosed factory.[12]

Acquisitions

  • 1997: Completes first overseas investment with the acquisition of Chicken of the Sea, USA's third canned tuna brand.
  • 2003: Acquired Empress International Ltd,[13] a frozen seafood importer and distributor in the US.
  • 2006: Established Chicken of the Sea[11] Frozen Foods to market frozen seafood in the US. Chicken of the Sea Frozen Foods later merged with Empress International and was renamed Tri-Union Frozen Products, Inc.
  • 2006: Acquired majority stake in PT Jui Fa International Food, a canned tuna producer and exporter based in Indonesia.
  • 2008: Acquired majority stake in Yueh Chyang Canned Food, a canned seafood producer and exporter based in Vietnam.
  • 2009: Invested in Avanti Feeds Limited, a shrimp feed and frozen shrimp producer based in India.
  • 2010: Founded US Pet Nutrition LLC[14] to produce and market pet food in the US.
  • 2014: Further expansion into Europe with the acquisition of MerAlliance, Europe's fourth smoked salmon producer and number one producer in France.
  • 2014: Acquired King Oscar AS of Norway, a shelf-stable sardine brand in Norway, USA, and Australia and with over 140 years of heritage.
  • 2016: Acquired German seafood company {{ill|Rügen Fisch|de| Rügen Fisch|vertical-align=sup}} AG.[15]
  • 2016: Makes a US$575 million investment in Red Lobster, the world's largest seafood restaurant company.[16]

Issues

Labor

Greenpeace accusations

Thai Union Group has been accused by Greenpeace of being "seriously implicated in horrendous human rights and environmental abuses" and warned shareholders and investors "of the financial risks associated with these destructive and harmful practices."[17] The company faces a number of other legal challenges.[18]

Thai Union released a statement in response to the accusations made by Greenpeace in 2015. It reiterated its commitment to human rights and the company's vision of "an industry that respects the oceans and protects marine life, offers safe employment for millions of people around the world, supports the development of coastal communities and continues to provide a safe, affordable and healthy food source for a global population well into the future."[19] Thai Union also noted that it works closely with the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF) to "benefit the wider tuna fishing industry" and concluded by calling on Greenpeace to join the "industry debate that is already underway, to work towards achieving our shared objectives."[20]

Slave labor and human rights

Thai Union was named, but was not a defendant, in a lawsuit brought against Nestle Corporation for violating California laws.[21] Thai Union has been under scrutiny since the July 2015 publication of a New York Times article citing a former fisher stating he had been held captive on a vessel supplying a mother ship that ended up selling to Thai Union's Songkhla canning operation.[22]

In a response to the New York Times, Thai Union re-asserted its commitment to the protection of human rights. A spokesperson stated the company worked to prevent "any human trafficking or any human rights violation of any kind"[27] highlighting procedures that are in place, such as routine audits of its canneries and boats in port to ensure against forced and child labor.[23]

In 2015, Thai Union released new codes of conduct, replacing the company's 2013 code of conduct. The "more stringent" new code of conduct allows for higher levels of "accountability and transparency" and showcased Thai Union's commitment to "earn the trust of customers, consumers and the world by operating with integrity and high ethical standards".[24] The company also claims to have terminated relationships with 17 suppliers as a result of forced labor or human trafficking violations since the start of 2015, and have ended the use of employment brokers to source for workers for its seafood processing plants to stop debt bondage.[25]

In December 2016, Thai Union and the World Tuna Purse Seine Organization (WTPO) signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to establish a framework to ensure fair labor practices. The MOU includes the establishment and implementation of best practices on fair labor standards in operations.[26]

Slave labor in the shrimp industry

Thailand's seafood industry, and by implication, Thai Union, was the subject of a year-long study of the Thai shrimp industry commissioned by Nestlé. The report, conducted by Verité on behalf of Vevey-based Nestlé, was released on 23 November 2015. It found "indicators of forced labor, trafficking, and child labor to be present among sea-based and land-based workers."[27]

In a statement issued on 10 December 2015, Thai Union declared that it will cease working with all shrimp processing subcontractors by the end of 2015. The company said that it would bring all shrimp processing operations in-house to enable full oversight. All processing work will be directly controlled by Thai Union to ensure that all workers, whether migrants or Thai, have safe, legal employment and are treated fairly and with dignity. Thai Union estimates that subcontractors employ about 1,000 migrant workers.[28] Andy Hall, a British human rights defender and a migrant worker specialist based in Thailand, said that "Thai Union ... must be commended for belatedly moving seafood primary processing in house."[29]

Working conditions have shown to be improved for the workers that Thai Union brought in-house to its shrimp processing operations; with a clean working environment, subsidized meals, increased salaries, and opportunities for bonuses, time off work, and workers' rights.[30]

Environment

Sourcing

In October 2015 Greenpeace accused Thai Union subsidiary John West (UK) of making a "plainly false" claim that customers can trace its tuna back to the vessel that caught it. John West's website includes a tool that allows customers to enter the can code to "see exactly where your fish came from".[31] The tool does not identify sources of Thai tuna and instead invites customers to email John West. John West said that the problem is a website limitation, and all its tuna is fully traceable.[32]

Greenpeace has also ranked John West last in sustainability surveys because 98 percent of its tuna was caught using "fish aggregation devices"[33] that kill other marine wildlife.

Thai Union has committed to the following by 2020:[34]

  • Full traceability for all purchased seafood, reducing the risk of IUU fishing in the global fishing industry.

Specific to its tuna business, Thai Union has committed to the following by 2020:[11]

  • Digital traceability: We will work with innovative technology providers to develop a system for digital traceability.
  • Tuna sourcing policies: We will have aligned every one of our tuna sourcing policies everywhere in the world. We will publish these policies in line with our commitment to transparency.
  • Academic and scientific research: We will work with academic bodies, universities and scientific institutions to support research into fishery improvements.
  • Innovation: We have developed the Global Innovation Incubator in Thailand to look at all aspects of innovation and research into tuna from species to processing to packaging.
  • Post-harvest risk assessment: We will work with fishery experts to address the issues around tuna grading, utilization of non-target species and low-economic-value species, and care-of-catch to ensure high standards are met from harvest to plate.

Thai Union Europe is working with WWF-UK and WWF France between 2014 and 2018 improve sustainability of seafood species, and working towards MMarine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification and Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) certification across the Thai Union Europe supply chain.[35]

In December 2016, Thai Union announced a strategy to ensure 100 percent of its branded tuna is sustainably sourced with a commitment of achieving a minimum of 75 percent by 2020. As part of the new tuna strategy, Thai Union is investing US$90 million in initiatives that will increase the supply of sustainable tuna. This includes establishing 11 new fishery improvement projects (FIPs) around the world.[36][37][38][39][40][41]

In December 2016, eight of the world's largest seafood companies, including Thai Union, issued a 10-point statement committing to action on ocean stewardship following the first "keystone dialogue" between scientists and business leaders. The companies committed to improving transparency and traceability, and reducing illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing in their supply chains.[42][43]

In December 2016, Greenpeace reported that the Thai Union subsidiary, Lucky Union Foods Co. Ltd. (LUF), purchased surimi base from Pacific Marine Food Products Co. Ltd., a company which confirmed that it had sourced from "vessels of concern". LUF also supplied shaped surimi to Thai Union Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (TUM) for use in pet foods.[44]

In February 2017, Thai Union 2015 Sustainability Report earned the number one ranking in Asia for sustainability reporting in the Top 100 Seafood Firms' Transparency Benchmark from Seafood Intelligence, a global news service that reports on the seafood sector and evaluates the industry’s sustainability data and transparency levels.[45]

In March 2017, Thai Union and the United States Agency for International Development Oceans and Fisheries Partnership (USAID Oceans) announced a partnership to combat illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, promote fair and ethical seafood supply chains, and improve the sustainability of fisheries in the Asia-Pacific region.[46]

In June 2017, at a World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in New York City, Thai Union committed to the WEF's Tuna 2020 Traceability Declaration. The declaration supports the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which were adopted by all 193 heads of state via a UN Resolution in September 2015 at a United Nations summit.[47]

In June 2017, Thai Union Group signed a pledge as part of its membership in the Seafood Business for Ocean Stewardship (SeaBOS), committing to improve operations as well as challenge the rest of the seafood industry to follow, all with the goal of helping the world achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).[48]

In July 2017, Thai Union Group committed to measures that will tackle illegal fishing and overfishing, as well as improve the livelihoods of hundreds of thousands of workers throughout the company's supply chains, in an agreement with Greenpeace. Greenpeace and Thai Union agreed to meet every six months to assess the company's progress and implementation.[49]

In October 2017, a memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed between WWF, Thai Union Europe, ACTEMSA S.A., and Industrias Alimenticias Leal Santos LTDA, to launch a Fishery Improvement Project (FIP) for the pole and line skipjack, yellowfin, and bigeye tuna fishery in the south and southeast coastal areas of Brazil. The aim of the FIP is to meet the standards of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), which assesses whether a fishery is well-managed and sustainable.[50]

In December 2017, Thai Union Group introduced its Fishing Vessel Improvement Program and Vessel Code of Conduct (VCoC) to provide clear guidance to the fishing vessels from which the company sources as well as improve labor and ethical performance in the fishing sector.[51]

In March 2018, Thai Union Group joined forces with the Global Ghost Gear Initiative (GGGI) in a drive to reduce the growing problem of abandoned, lost, and discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) worldwide.[52]

Others

Bumble Bee Foods

In December 2014 Thai Union announced it would spend US$1.5 billion to acquire Bumble Bee Foods. That deal was put in jeopardy after the US Department of Justice announced it began an anti-trust investigation into the company over-pricing and competitive practices. Thai Union abandoned its purchase plans in early-December 2015 after US officials objected on the grounds that it would reduce competition. "Consumers are better off without this deal," Bill Baer, assistant attorney general of the US Department of Justice's anti-trust division, said...."Our investigation convinced us—and the parties knew or should have known from the get go — that the market is not functioning competitively today, and further consolidation would only make things worse."[53]

Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) Emerging Markets

In September 2017, Thai Union was named to the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) Emerging Markets for the fourth year in a row. Thai Union's sustainability strategy, SeaChange®, successfully drove the score with industry best-in-class 100th percentile rankings for Climate Strategy, Materiality, Human Capital Development, Health and Nutrition, Water Related Risks, and Policy Influence.[54]

FTSE4Good Emerging Index

In January 2017, Thai Union was named to the FTSE4Good Emerging Index by FTSE Russell. The FTSE4Good Emerging Index is an extension of the FTSE4Good Index Series—the latter of which launched in 2001 to help investors integrate environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors into their investment decisions and as a framework for corporate engagement and stewardship.[55]

Annual Sustainability Report

In June 2017, Thai Union released its annual sustainability report, detailing the company's performance from January through December 2016 against key performance indicators and targets outlined in SeaChange, Thai Union's sustainability strategy.[56]

Awards

2016 Gold Standard Award for corporate citizenship

The Gold Standard Award rewards excellence in sustainability, good governance, and corporate responsibility. The award is a recognition of the importance of SeaChange®, Thai Union's sustainability strategy.[57]

Stop Slavery Award

Thai Union was nominated for Thomson Reuters Foundation's inaugural Stop Slavery Award in 2016.[58][59]

2017 SEAL Business Sustainability Award

Thai Union received an Organizational Impact Award at the 2017 SEAL Business Sustainability Awards.[60][61]

edie Sustainability Leader of the Year Award

Thai Union Global Director for Sustainable Development, Dr. Darian McBain, was named Sustainability Leader of the Year at the edie Sustainability Leaders Awards 2018 in London. The awards celebrate sustainability excellence and innovation, from the largest multi-national businesses to the smallest organizations.[62]

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Annual Report 2017 |date=2018|publisher=Thai Union Group Public Company Limited |location=Samut Sakhon |edition=English|url=http://tu.listedcompany.com/misc/ar/20180329-tu-ar2017-en.pdf|accessdate=20 June 2018}}
2. ^{{cite news |last1=Apisitniran |first1=Lamonphet |title=Thai Union cheers record sales, profit |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/news/875884/thai-union-cheers-record-sales-profit |accessdate=20 June 2018 |work=Bangkok Post |date=2016-02-25}}
3. ^{{cite web |title=Management Discussion and Analysis for 2017 Results |url=http://tu.listedcompany.com/misc/investor_note/20180220-tu-investor-note-fy2017-en.pdf |website=Thai Union Group Public Company Limited |publisher=Thai Union |accessdate=20 June 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Company History|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/about/company/company-history|website=Thai Union|accessdate=16 December 2016}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/news/362812/tuf-becomes-signatory-to-un-global-compact|title=TUF becomes signatory to UN Global Compact |work=Bangkok Post|date=2013-08-03|accessdate=21 June 2018}}
6. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/finance/1091276/thai-firms-lead-asean-peers-in-sustainability-gauges|title=Thai firms lead Asean peers in sustainability gauges|work=Bangkok Post|date=2016-09-21|accessdate=21 June 2018}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.intrafish.com/news/777038/thai-union-scoops-dow-jones-sustainability-index-listing-for-third-time|title=Thai Union scoops Dow Jones Sustainability Index listing|date=12 September 2016|website=Intrafish.com|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/147/thai-union-named-to-dow-jones-sustainability-index-for-third-consecutive-year|title=Thai Union Named to Dow Jones Sustainability Index for Third Consecutive Year|website=Thai Union|format=Press release|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/522/thai-union-named-to-dow-jones-sustainability-index-for-fourth-consecutive-year|title=Thai Union Named to Dow Jones Sustainability Index for Fourth Consecutive Year|website=Thai Union|format=Press release|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
10. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2015/09/21/thai-union-launches-global-master-brand/|title=Thai Union launches global master brand, changes logo|work=Undercurrent News|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
11. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/Sea-Change-aims-to-better-world-fishing-conditions-30280553.html|title=Sea Change aims to better world fishing conditions|work=The Nation|date=6 March 2016|accessdate=21 June 2018}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Chicken of the Sea tuna under nationwide recall|url=http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2016/03/chicken-of-the-sea-tuna-under-nationwide-recall/|accessdate=22 December 2016|work=Food Safety News|date=2016-03-17}}
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15. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2016/02/02/thai-union-completes-acquisition-of-rugen-fisch/|title=Thai Union completes acquisition of Rugen Fisch|work=Undercurrent News|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=The Maker of 'Chicken of the Sea' Just Bought a Stake in Red Lobster|url=http://fortune.com/2016/10/11/thai-union-red-lobster-deal/|accessdate=22 December 2016|work=Fortune|agency=Reuters|date=2016-10-16}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/Blogs/makingwaves/Thai-Union-not-just-tuna/blog/54299/|title=Not Just Tuna: The truth behind the world's biggest tuna company|website=Greenpeace|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.khaosodenglish.com/detail.php?newsid=1444024788|title=Greenpeace Calls Out Thai Union Group Over Fishing Practices|date=5 October 2015|work=Khaosod English|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://tu.listedcompany.com/newsroom/20151005-tu-pr01-en.pdf|title=THAI UNION STATEMENT|website=Thai Union|date=5 October 2015|accessdate=3 October 2017}}
20. ^{{cite news |last1=Kearns |first1=Madelyn |title=Thai Union responds to Greenpeace challenge |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028154118/http://www.seafoodsource.com/news/environment-sustainability/thai-union-responds-to-greenpeace-challenge |accessdate=20 June 2018 |work=Seafood Source |date=8 October 2015}}
21. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.undercurrentnews.com/2015/08/28/thai-union-named-in-slavery-lawsuit-filed-against-nestle/|title=Thai Union named in slavery lawsuit filed against Nestle|work=Undercurrent News|date=28 August 2015|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/27/world/outlaw-ocean-thailand-fishing-sea-slaves-pets.html|title='Sea Slaves': The Human Misery That Feeds Pets and Livestock|first=Ian|last=Urbina|date=27 July 2015|work=New York Times|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://tu.listedcompany.com/newsroom/20160615-tu-modern-slavery-en.pdf|format=PDF|title=Modern Slavery Act Transparency Statement 2016|website=Thai Union|accessdate=3 October 2017}}
24. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2015/09/30/thai-union-looks-to-earn-trust-with-new-code-of-conduct/|title=Thai Union looks to earn trust with new code of conduct|work=Undercurrent News|date=30 September 2015|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
25. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/oct/07/cheap-seafood-fish-slavery-solutions-thailand-human-rights-abuse|title=Our love of cheap seafood is tainted by slavery: how can it be fixed?|first=Tom|last=Levitt|date=7 October 2016|work=The Guardian|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
26. ^{{cite web|title=Thai Union signs fair labour pact|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/news/1158157/thai-union-signs-fair-labour-pact|work=Bangkok Post|date=13 December 2016|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
27. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/nestle-admits-forced-labour-trafficking-child-labour-its-thai-seafood-supply-1530295|title=Nestlé admits forced labour, trafficking, and child labour in its Thai seafood supply|first=James|last=Tennent|date=24 November 2015|work=International Business Times|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/business/corporate/30274659|title=TU acts to end worker mistreatment|work=The Nation|date=10 December 2015|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
29. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/archive/activist-urges-eu-to-rethink-approach/794185|title=Activist urges EU to rethink approach|work=Bangkok Post|date=14 December 2015|accessdate=21 June 2018}}
30. ^{{cite news|author=Mendoza, Martha|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/7654543c4ae04421ad423abea422e0b4/promises-unmet-thailand-tries-reform-shrimp-industry|title=Promises unmet as Thailand tries to reform shrimp industry|agency=AP|date=22 September 2016|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
31. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/oct/14/john-west-tuna-greenpeace-challenges-tracing-claims|title=John West tuna: Greenpeace challenges tracing claims|agency=AP|date=14 October 2015|work=The Guardian|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
32. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/john-west-changes-website-after-10261635|title=John West changes website after Greenpeace accusations over traceability of tuna|first=Helen|last=Davies|date=14 October 2015|website=Liverpool Echo|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
33. ^{{cite web |author=Densham, Ariana|title=John West's broken promises|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028154327/http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/blog/oceans/john-wests-broken-promises-20151008-0|website=Greenpeace|date=12 October 2015|accessdate=2018-06-21}}
34. ^{{cite web |url=http://sustainability.thaiunion.com/en/environment/responsible-sourcing |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-10-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028152335/http://sustainability.thaiunion.com/en/environment/responsible-sourcing |archivedate=28 October 2016 |df=dmy-all }}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://assets.wwf.org.uk/downloads/wwf___thai_union_europe___partnership_progress_report_2016.pdf|format=PDF|title=WWF & THAI UNION EUROPE PARTNERSHIP PROGRESS REPORT 2016|website=Assets.wwf.org.uk|accessdate=3 October 2017}}
36. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.intrafish.com/fisheries/1198856/thai-union-commits-to-100-percent-sustainable-tuna|title=Thai Union commits to 100% sustainable tuna|work=IntraFish|date=13 December 2016|accessdate=17 September 2017|subscription=yes}}
37. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2016/12/13/thai-union-investing-90m-in-tuna-sustainability-initiatives/|title=Thai Union investing $90m in tuna sustainability initiatives|work=Undercurrent News|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
38. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fis.com/fis/worldnews/worldnews.asp?monthyear=&day=14&id=88817&l=e&special=&ndb=1%20target= |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-12-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214172703/http://www.fis.com/fis/worldnews/worldnews.asp?monthyear=&day=14&id=88817&l=e&special=&ndb=1%20target= |archivedate=14 December 2016 |df=dmy-all }}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.just-food.com/news/thai-union-makes-sustainable-tuna-sourcing-pledge_id135252.aspx|title=Thai Union makes sustainable tuna sourcing pledge|date=13 December 2016|website=Just-food|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
40. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.seafoodsource.com/news/foodservice-retail/thai-union-commits-to-sustainable-tuna-targets-75-percent-by-2020 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-12-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214185212/http://www.seafoodsource.com/news/foodservice-retail/thai-union-commits-to-sustainable-tuna-targets-75-percent-by-2020 |archivedate=14 December 2016 |df=dmy-all }}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sustainablebrands.com/news_and_views/business_models/sustainable_brands/thai_union_commits_100_sustainable_tuna_can_it_get|title=Thai Union Commits to 100% Sustainable Tuna, But Can It Get There?|website=Sustainable Brands|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
42. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-environment-fishing-seafood/big-seafood-companies-promise-to-reduce-illegal-fishing-idUSKBN14322I|title=Big seafood companies promise to reduce illegal fishing|date=14 December 2016|agency=Reuters|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/433/keystone-dialogue-between-scientists-and-seafood-industry-leaders-creates-breakthrough-in-ocean-stewardship|title="Keystone Dialogue" between Scientists and Seafood Industry Leaders Creates Breakthrough in Ocean Stewardship|website=Thai Union|format=Press release|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
44. ^{{cite book|title=Turn The Tide; Human Rights Abuses and Illegal Fishing in Thailand's Overseas Fishing Industry|date=December 2016|publisher=Greenpeace Southeast Asia|location=Bangkok|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/PageFiles/745330/Turn-The-Tide.pdf|accessdate=16 December 2016}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/455/thai-union-tops-in-asia-for-csr-and-sustainability-in-latest-seafood-intelligence-top-100-report|title=Thai Union Tops in Asia for CSR and Sustainability in Latest Seafood Intelligence Top 100 Report|website=Thai Union|format=Press release|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/464/usaid-and-thai-union-partner-to-implement-digital-traceability-to-combat-illegal-fishing-in-the-asia-pacific-region|title=USAID and Thai Union partner to implement digital traceability to combat illegal fishing in the Asia Pacific Region|website=Thai Union|format=Press release|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/492/thai-union-commits-to-world-economic-forums-tuna-2020-traceability-declaration|title=Thai Union Commits to World Economic Forum's Tuna 2020 Traceability Declaration|website=Thai Union|format=Press release|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/498/thai-union-commits-to-ambitious-seabos-ocean-stewardship-pledge|title=Thai Union Commits to Ambitious SeaBOS Ocean Stewardship Pledge|website=Thai Union|format=Press release|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/505/thai-union-commits-to-more-sustainable-socially-responsible-seafood|title=Thai Union Commits to More Sustainable, Socially-Responsible Seafood|website=Thai Union|format=Press release|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
50. ^http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/550/mou-for-new-brazil-fip-signed
51. ^http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/690/thai-union-introduces-fishing-vessel-improvement-program-and-vessel-code-of-conduct
52. ^http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/793/thai-union-joins-initiative-to-help-combat-marine-plastics
53. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/big-tuna-chicken-of-the-sea-wont-net-bumble-bee/|title=Big tuna: Chicken of the Sea won't net Bumble Bee|work=CBS News|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
54. ^http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/522/thai-union-named-to-dow-jones-sustainability-index-for-fourth-consecutive-year
55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/441/thai-union-added-to-ftse4good-emerging-index|title=Thai Union Added to FTSE4Good Emerging Index|website=Thai Union|format=Press release|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
56. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/sustainability/report|title=Sustainability Report and Policy|website=Thai Union|accessdate=17 September 2017}}
57. ^{{cite web|title=The Gold Standard Award for Corporate Citizenship|url=http://publicaffairsasia.com/goldstandard/the-gold-standard-award-for-corporate-citizenship-global-asia/|accessdate=21 June 2018|website=Public Affairs Asia Ltd|publisher=Ruder Finn Public Relations|date=n.d.}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/monique-villa/putting-courage-at-the-he_b_12571676.html|title=Putting courage at the heart of business|first=Monique|last=Villa|date=20 October 2016|website=Huffington Post|accessdate=21 June 2018}}
59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/419/thai-union-shortlisted-for-2016-stop-slavery-award|title=Thai Union Shortlisted for 2016 'Stop Slavery Award'|format=Press release|website=Thai Union|date=24 October 2016|accessdate=21 June 2018}}
60. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/561/thai-union-selected-as-a-winner-of-2017-seal-business-sustainability-awards|title=Thai Union selected as a winner of 2017 SEAL Business Sustainability Awards|website=Thai Union|format=Press release|date=15 November 2017|access-date=2018-06-21}}
61. ^{{Cite web|author=Harney, Matt|url=https://sealawards.com/sustainability-award-2017/|title=2017 Business Sustainability Award Winners - SEAL Awards|date=2017-11-15|website=SEAL Awards|access-date=2018-06-21}}
62. ^{{cite web |title=Thai Union's Dr. Darian McBain Receives edie Sustainability Leader of the Year Award|url=http://www.thaiunion.com/en/newsroom/press-release/788/thai-unions-dr-darian-mcbain-receives-edie-sustainability-leader-of-the-year-award |website=Thai Union |date=31 January 2018|accessdate=21 June 2018 |format=Press release}}

5 : Food and drink companies of Thailand|Seafood companies|Companies established in 1988|Companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand|1988 establishments in Thailand
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