| 词条 | Thurman Arnold |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = | name = Thurman Arnold | honorific-suffix = | image = Thurman Arnold.jpg | alt = | caption = | office = Associate Justice of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia | term_start = March 18, 1943 | term_end = July 9, 1945 | nominator = | appointer = Franklin D. Roosevelt | predecessor = Wiley Blount Rutledge | successor = Bennett Champ Clark | office1 = United States Assistant Attorney General for the Antitrust Division | term_start1 = 1938 | term_end1 = 1943 | president1 = Franklin D. Roosevelt | predecessor1 = Robert H. Jackson | successor1 = Wendell Berge | pronunciation = | birth_name = Thurman Wesley Arnold | birth_date = {{Birth date|1891|06|02}} | birth_place = Laramie, Wyoming | death_date = {{Death date and age|1969|11|07|1891|06|02}} | death_place = Alexandria, Virginia | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | citizenship = | nationality = | party = | otherparty = | height = | spouse = | partner = | relations = | children = | parents = | mother = | father = | relatives = | residence = | education = Princeton University {{midsize|(B.A.)}} Harvard Law School {{midsize|(LL.B.)}} | alma_mater = | occupation = | profession = | known_for = | salary = | net_worth = | cabinet = | committees = | portfolio = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }} Thurman Wesley Arnold (June 2, 1891 – November 7, 1969) was best known for his trust-busting campaign as Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Antitrust Division in President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Department of Justice from 1938 to 1943. He later served as an Associate Justice of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. Before coming to Washington in 1938, Arnold was the mayor of Laramie, Wyoming, and then a professor at Yale Law School, where he took part in the legal realism movement, and published two books: The Symbols of Government (1935) and The Folklore of Capitalism (1937). A few years later, he published The Bottlenecks of Business (1940). Early life and educationThurman was born in the frontier ranch town of Laramie, Wyoming,[1] which grew to be a small city and location of the University of Wyoming. He was the son of Annie (Brockway) and Constantine Peter Arnold.[2] He began his university studies at Wabash College, but transferred to Princeton University, earning his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1911.[1] He earned his Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1914.[1] CareerArnold served in World War I, rising to the rank of lieutenant in the United States Army (Field Artillery) and worked briefly in Chicago, Illinois before returning to Laramie, where he was a member of the Wyoming House of Representatives in 1921 and then mayor from 1923 to 1924.[3] He developed a reputation as a maverick lawyer.[3] He was a Lecturer at the University of Wyoming from 1921 to 1926. He was Dean of the at West Virginia University College of Law from 1927 to 1930. He was a visiting professor at Yale University from 1930 to 1931, and then professor of law at the same institution from 1931 to 1938. He was a special assistant to the general counsel of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration in 1933. He was an Assistant Attorney General of the United States Department of Justice from 1938 to 1943. As chief competition lawyer for the United States Government, Arnold launched numerous studies to support the antitrust efforts in the late 1930s.[3] He targeted the American Medical Association in their anti-competitive efforts against health plans.[3] The Roosevelt administration later de-emphasized antitrust enforcement, for the stated purpose of allowing corporations to concentrate on contributing to victory in World War II.[3] Federal judicial serviceArnold was nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 11, 1943, to an Associate Justice seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia (now the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit) vacated by Associate Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge.[1] He was "kicked upstairs" by President Roosevelt to the Court of Appeals in order to get him out of the Antitrust Division.[3] He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 9, 1943, and received his commission on March 11, 1943.[1] His service terminated on July 9, 1945, due to his resignation.[1] Court of Appeals tentureAlthough the District of Columbia Court of Appeals had some responsibility for review of decisions by federal administrative agencies, during Arnold's tenure the court's primary role was reviewing decisions of local trial courts involving routine civil and criminal matters arising in Washington, D.C. Arnold was never happy during his time on the court, resigning after only two years on the bench.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} As an explanation of his decision, he told observers he "would rather be speaking to damn fools than listening to damn fools." {{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} Arnold & PorterArnold returned to private practice in Washington, D.C. where,[1] along with Paul A. Porter and Abe Fortas, he co-founded the law firm known today as Arnold & Porter.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} Personal and deathThurman married his lifelong partner Frances Longan Arnold on September 4, 1917. They had two children, Thurman Jr. and George, both of whom enjoyed successful careers in the law. Nebraskan "Hugh Cox, famous as Thurman Arnold's chief deputy" and also as an early partner at Root Clark & Bird[4] (later Root, Clark, Buckner & Ballantine; later Dewey Ballantine, later Dewey & LeBouef) was attorney for Donald Hiss (both Cox and Hiss at Covington & Burling, where he was called the "perfect advocate"[5]) during the Hiss-Chambers Case."[6][7][8] Arnold died on November 7, 1969.[1] Thurman Arnold Jr. established a law firm in Palm Springs, California in 1953.[9] Thurman Arnold Jr.'s son, Thurman Arnold III,[10] joined his father's law firm in 1982 and is currently practicing law with an emphasis on Family Law in Palm Springs, California. George Arnold married and raised a family with Ellen Cameron Pearson, daughter of columnist Drew Pearson and granddaughter of Cissy Patterson, owner of the Washington Times-Herald.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{FJC Bio|62|nid=1377276|name=Thurman Wesley Arnold}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/CT/lions.html|title=The Political Graveyard: Lions, politicians, Connecticut|website=politicalgraveyard.com}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |title=FDR: A Biography |last=Morgan |first=Ted |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1985 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |location=New York |isbn=0-671-45495-1 |pages=492, 664–665 }} 4. ^{{cite book| first = Martin| last = Meyer| title = Emory Bruckner| publisher = Harper & Row| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3r4_AAAAIAAJ| page = 141| date = 1968| accessdate = 29 October 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web| title = A Brief Historical Note| publisher = Covington Burling| url = https://www.cov.com/en/about/firm-history| date = 2006| accessdate = 29 October 2017}} 6. ^{{cite book| first = Ky P.| last = Wing| title = Competition Rules for the 21st Century: Principles from America's Experience| publisher = Kluwer Law International| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qdPURFZ82AIC| pages = xxi| date = 2006| accessdate = 29 October 2017}} 7. ^{{cite journal| first = William L.| last = Marbury| title = The Hiss-Chambers Libel Suit| journal = Maryland Law Review| publisher = University of Maryland - Francis King Carey School of Law| url = http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mlr/vol41/iss1/10/| page = 83| date = 1981| accessdate = 18 August 2017}} 8. ^{{cite book| first = Gerhard A. | last = Gesell | authorlink = Gerhard Gesell| title = My 'Jealous Mistress': 1932–1984| publisher = (unpublished memoir)| url = http://dcchs.org/GerhardAGesell/App13-Jealous%20Mistress.pdf| pages = 32| date = August 1984| accessdate = 29 October 2017}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=Directory of Distinguished Attorneys Practice Areas|url=http://www.martindale.com/Law-Firm-of-Thurman-W-Arnold/law-firm-154848.htm|accessdate=5 May 2013}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=Thurman Arnold III|url=http://www.thurmanarnold.com/|accessdate=5 May 2013}} SourcesBiographical sources
Primary sources
External links{{commons category}}
16 : 1891 births|1969 deaths|Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel|American legal scholars|Princeton University alumni|Harvard Law School alumni|Lawyers from Washington, D.C.|United States Assistant Attorneys General|Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit|United States court of appeals judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt|20th-century American judges|Yale Law School faculty|American prosecutors|People from Laramie, Wyoming|University of Wyoming faculty|Arnold & Porter people |
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