| 释义 |
- Early history
- Middle Ages
- Old Swiss Confederacy
- Modern history
- After 1945
- See also
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Basel (or Basle, in the once-preferred English spelling). Established in the 4th century, the city rose to importance in the medieval period as a bishop's seat. In the 15th century it became an important center of Renaissance humanism and, in the 16th century, of the Protestant Reformation. Basel joined the Swiss Confederacy in 1501. In the 19th century, Basel was a center of Industrialisation, and it remains one of the major cities of contemporary Switzerland. {{Dynamic list}} Early history {{History of Switzerland}}- 150 BC – Settlement of the Gaulish Rauraci on the northwestern outskirts of the present city
- 58 BC
- Rauraci together with Helvetii try to emigrate to Gaul, but are defeated at the Battle of Bibracte by Julius Caesar and sent back to their homeland
- Returning Rauraci build a fortified settlement, called oppidum (located in today's Basel Cathedral hill)
- c. 44 BC – Augusta Raurica is founded by the Romans some 5 km from the site of the future city.
- c. 15 BC – Successful colonization of the area supported by the Augustus's conquest of the central Alps
- By the 2nd century AD, Augusta Raurica
- Has become a prosperous commercial trading centre and the capital of a local Roman province
- Population reaches approximately twenty thousand people
- 250 AD – Powerful earthquake damages a large part of the city
- c. 260 AD – Alemanni tribes and/or marauding Roman troops destroy Augusta Raurica
- c. 300 AD, following the loss of the Limes Germanicus and the right bank of the Rhine River, the Roman army builds a castra (fort) named Castrum Rauracense near the old site of Augusta Raurica. It was intended to serve as the headquarters of the legio I Martia and to protect a ford over the Rhine.
- 4th century AD: The fort grows in importance because it commands a bridge that lies along the road from Gaul to the Danube River. Emperors Constantius II and Julian assemble their armies at the Castrum Rauracense before marching to battle against the Alemanni.[1] A church is built near Castrum Rauracense. The fort and neighboring church become the seat of a bishop, with the bishop first being mentioned in 346.[1]
- 374 AD – The town named Basilea or Basilia (from Greek Basileia, Βασιλεια "kingship") is documented[2]
- c. 400 AD – Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, the Roman troops withdraw from Castrum Rauracense and Basilea, the Germanic Alemanni settled in
- 7th century AD – The bishop moves to Basel and the settlement at Castrum Rauracense declines in importance
Middle Ages- 740 – Catholic diocese of Basel active (approximate date).[3]
- 752 AD – A village called Augusta was first mentioned
- 894 AD – East Francian King Arnulf grants the church in Kaiseraugst (Castrum Rauracense) to his vassal, Anno; the church was then granted to the Abbey of St Gall and then later to the Basel Münster
- 917 AD – The Magyars destroyed Basel,{{sfn|Overall|1870}} and later burnt down the monasteries of St Gallen and Rheinau[4]
- 999 AD – Rudolph III of Burgundy donates the Moutier-Grandval Abbey and all its possessions (540 square miles of lands) to Bishop Adalbero II,[5][6] establishing the Prince-Bishopric of Basel as a secular territory
- 1019 – Basel Münster construction begins.
- 1032 – Town becomes seat of Prince-Bishopric of Basel, Holy Roman Empire.
- 1080 – City wall built (approximate date).
- 1226
- Bridge over the Rhine constructed.
- Furriers guild established.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}
- 1230 – Inner wall built (approximate date).
- 1349
- Black Death plague.
- Basel massacre.
- 1356 – The 6.0–7.1 {{M|w}} Basel earthquake shook the city with a maximum MSK intensity of IX–X (Destructive–Devastating), causing 300 deaths in the city and about 1,000 overall.
- 1380 – Public clock installed (approximate date).[7]
- 1398 – Outer wall built.
- 1412 – Guesthouse "Zum Goldenen Sternen" in business (approximate date).
- 1431 – Council of Basel formed.
- 1444 – Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs.
- 1460 – University of Basel established.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
- 1466 – {{Interlanguage link multi|Gesellschaft der Feuerschützen (Basel)|de}} (militia) formed.
- 1468 – Berthold Ruppel sets up printing press (approximate date).[8]
- 1471 – University Library in operation (approximate date).
- 1488 – {{Interlanguage link multi|Johannes Petri|de}} sets up printing press.
- 1491 – Johann Froben establishes printing house (approximate date).
- 1495 – Basel becomes part of Upper Rhenish Imperial Circle.
- 1499 – City hosts Treaty of Basel.
- 1500 – Basel Münster rebuilt.[9]
Old Swiss Confederacy- 1501 – Basel becomes part of Swiss Confederacy.[10]
- 1523 – Christoph Burckhardt becomes citizen.
- 1529 – City becomes Protestant; Catholic bishop moves to Porrentruy.
- 1536 – John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion published.
- 1542
- Basel thaler (currency) in circulation.
- Johannes Oporinus sets up printing business.
- 1543 – Andreas Vesalius' De humani corporis fabrica published.
- 1559 – Skalich's Encyclopaedia published.[12]
- 1662 – Amerbaschsches Kabinett established.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}
- 1774 – Population: 15,040.
- 1777 – Gesellschaft zur Aufmunterung und Beförderung des Guten und Gemeinnützigen founded.
- 1795 – City hosts Peace of Basel.
- 1798 – Basel frank (currency) in circulation.
Modern history- 1815 – Evangelical Missionary Society of Basel formed.
- 1821 – Natural History Museum founded.
- 1833 – Canton of Basel divided.
- 1834 – Basler Stadttheater founded.
- 1839 – {{Interlanguage link multi|Basler Kunstverein|de}} founded.
- 1840 – Income tax collection begins in the canton.[11]
- 1850 – Population: 27,844 in city; 29,698 in canton.[14]
- 1864 – Elisabethenkirche built.
- 1867 – Allgemeine Musikschule founded.
- 1870 – Population: 44,848 in city; 47,040 in canton.[12]
- 1872 – Kunsthalle Basel inaugurated.
- 1874 – Zoo Basel opens.[13]
- 1882 – St. Gotthard railway begins operating.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1893 – FC Basel founded.
- 1894 – Basel Historical Museum opens.
- 1897 – City hosts Zionist Organization meeting.
- 1900 – Population: 109,161 in city; 112,227 in canton.[12]
- 1907 – Basel SBB railway station built.
- 1912 – City hosts Second International meeting.
- 1913 – Basel Badischer Bahnhof built (approximate date).
- 1917
- Schweizer Mustermesse Basel begins.
- Ethnographic Museum formed.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}
- 1923 – Silo Tower built.
- 1925 – Pharmazie-Historisches Museum der Universität Basel founded.
- 1926 – Basel Chamber Orchestra founded.[14]
- 1927 – Boys' Choir of the Protestant Church of Basel-City formed.
- 1933
- Schola Cantorum Basiliensis founded.
- Gate of Spalen restored.
- 1945 – 4 March: Bombing by Allied forces.[15]
After 1945- 1946 – Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg airport opens.
- 1954
- City of Basel Music Academy formed.
- St. Jakob Stadium opens.
- 1961 – Antikenmuseum Basel und Sammlung Ludwig founded.
- 1963 – Birskopf Bridge built.
- 1968 – Merian Gärten (garden) established.[16]
- 1969 – Basel Institute for Immunology founded.
- 1970
- Art Basel begins.
- Population: 212,857 in city; 234,945 in canton.[12]
- 1977 – Basler Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
- 1979 – Cartoonmuseum Basel founded.
- 1980
- Paper museum established.
- Museum of Contemporary Art opens.
- Population: 182,143 in city; 203,915 in canton.[12]
- 1984 – Swiss Architecture Museum founded.
- 1989 – City hosts Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal.
- 1996 – Museum Tinguely opens.
- 1997 – Sinfonieorchester Basel formed.
- 1998 – Dollhouse Museum opens.
- 2000
- Music Museum opens.
- Population: 166,558 in city; 188,079 in canton;[12] 731,167 metro.
- 2001 – St. Jakob-Park stadium opens.
- 2006 – City hosts European Curling Championships.
See also- History of Basel
- {{Interlanguage link multi|List of councillors of Basel-Stadt|de|3=Liste der Regierungsräte des Kantons Basel-Stadt}}
- List of bishops of Basel
- Basel-Stadt
- Timelines of other municipalities in Switzerland: Bern, Geneva, Zürich
References{{more citations needed|date=June 2017}}1. ^1 {{HDS|1797|Kaiseraugst in Roman Times}}
2. ^The Encyclopedia Americana, Grolier Incorporated 1999, p. 308
3. ^{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Switzerland |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/switzerland |publisher=Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo |location=Norway |accessdate= 30 September 2015 }}
4. ^http://www.swissworld.org/en/history/alamans_to_the_holy_roman_empire/foreign_invasions/
5. ^The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, 1993, p. 659
6. ^Wood, 285–286, 313
7. ^{{cite book|author=Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum |title=History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders |year= 1996|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-15510-4 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9Za4jdBEVB4C&pg=PA392 }}
8. ^{{cite book |title= Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum |author= Robert Proctor |location=London |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company |year= 1898 |chapter=Books Printed From Types: Switzerland: Basel |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c3450632?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 |via=HathiTrust }}
9. ^{{cite book |title=Switzerland |publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-place = Coblenz |year=1863 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FWzgCYtW0_gC&pg=PA1 |chapter=Bâle }}
10. ^{{cite book|publisher=Europa Publications|title= Political Chronology of Europe |year= 2003|isbn=978-1-135-35687-3 |chapter=Switzerland |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVNvCz0c_gsC&pg=PA248 |pages=248+ }}
11. ^1 {{cite book|author=Patrick Robertson|title= Robertson's Book of Firsts |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2TEEaCrPiWsC|year= 2011|publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-1-60819-738-5}}
12. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{citation |url= http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/regionen/22/publ.html?publicationID=743 |title=Evolution de la population des communes 1850–2000 |language=French |publisher=Swiss Confederation, Federal Statistical Office |format=xls |year=2005 }}
13. ^{{cite book|editor=Vernon N. Kisling|title=Zoo and Aquarium History|year= 2000|publisher=CRC Press |location=USA |isbn=978-1-4200-3924-5 |chapter=Zoological Gardens of Switzerland (chronological list) |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=dxTrR5nOE0UC&pg=PA373 }}
14. ^{{cite book|editor= Colin Lawson |title= Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra|year= 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00132-8 |chapter= Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list) |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=1DW1WyiooSMC&pg=PA277 }}
15. ^{{cite book|author=Leo Schelbert|title=Historical Dictionary of Switzerland|year= 2014 |edition =2nd |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-3352-2 |chapter=Chronology |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=XRevAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR21 }}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bgci.org/garden_search.php?action=Find&ftrCountry=CH |title=Garden Search: Switzerland |publisher= Botanic Gardens Conservation International |location=London |accessdate=30 September 2015 }}
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.Bibliography{{Refbegin}}- in English
|publisher =S. Birt |publication-place = London |author = Thomas Nugent |title = The Grand Tour
|publication-date = 1749
|chapter=Basil |chapterurl=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015030762572?urlappend=%3Bseq=343 |volume=2: Germany and Holland
}}- {{Citation |publisher = Routledge, Warne, & Routledge |publication-place = London |author = Theodore Alois Buckley |title = Great Cities of the Middle Ages |edition=2nd |publication-date = 1862 |chapter= Basle |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/greatcitiesofmid00buck#page/34/mode/2up
}}
|editor= William Henry Overall |title= Dictionary of Chronology
|year=1870
|publisher=William Tegg |location=London |chapter= Basel |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=74
| ref = {{harvid|Overall|1870}}
}}
|publisher = Harper & Brothers |publication-place = New York |author = W. Pembroke Fetridge |authorlink=William Pembroke Fetridge |chapterurl =https://books.google.com/books?id=bdYEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1069 |chapter=Switzerland: Basle |title = Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East
|publication-date = 1878
}}
| title = Encyclopædia Britannica
| publication-place = New York
| publication-date = 1910
| edition=11th
| oclc = 14782424
| via=Internet Archive
| chapter = Basel
| chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabrit03chisrich#page/462/mode/2up
| ref = {{harvid|Britannica|1910}}
}}
|publisher = Ward, Lock & Co. |publication-place = London |title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |author = Benjamin Vincent |edition = 25th
|publication-date = 1910
|chapter=Basel |chapterurl = http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776?urlappend=%3Bseq=151 |via=HathiTrust
| ref = {{harvid|Haydn|1910}}
}}
|year=1912
|edition=2nd |title=Switzerland |series= Grieben's Guide Books |location=Berlin |publisher=Albert Goldschmidt |chapter= Bâle |chapterurl=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b264107?urlappend=%3Bseq=17
}}
|publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-place = Leipzig |title = Switzerland |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/switzerlandtoget00karl#page/n41/mode/2up |chapter=Bâle |edition=26th
|publication-date = 1922
|oclc = 4248970
}}- {{cite book|author=Robert E. Dickinson |title=The West European City |year= 1961 |edition=2nd |publisher= Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-25970-8 |chapter=Basel |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=OXH6AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA63 }}
- {{cite book |title=Geneva, Zurich, Basel: History, Culture, and National Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUUABAAAQBAJ|year=1994|publisher= Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-6369-3 |chapter= Basel |author= Lionel Gossman |page=63+ }}
- {{cite book
|editor=Trudy Ring|title=Northern Europe |series= International Dictionary of Historic Places
|year=1995
|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |isbn=978-1-136-63944-9 |chapter= Basel |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=yfPYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA75
}}- {{cite book|last=Wood|first=Susan|title=The Proprietary Church in the Medieval West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UuqnVeycpNsC&pg=PA314|year=2006|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-820697-2|page=314}}
- in German
|title= Topographia Helvetiae, Rhaetiae et Valesiae |year= |series=Topographia Germaniae |location=Frankfurt |chapter=Basel |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015066342117?urlappend=%3Bseq=116 |language=German}}. 1642–1654 (1960 reprint)
|editor1= Wolfgang Adam |editor2=Siegrid Westphal
|title= Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=spvoBQAAQBAJ
|year= 2012
|publisher=De Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-029555-9 |language=de
|chapter= Basel
|pages= |author=
| ref = {{harvid|Adam|2012}}
}}{{refend}}External links{{commons category|Basel}}{{coord|47.566667|7.6|type:city_region:CH|display=title}}{{Cities in Switzerland}}{{Years in Switzerland}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} 4 : Years in Switzerland|History of Basel|Timelines of cities in Europe|Switzerland history-related lists |