| 释义 |
- Prior to 19th century
- 19th century
- 20th century Independence: since 1947
- 21st century
- See also
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Peshawar, Pakistan. {{Dynamic list}}{{TOC right}}Prior to 19th century{{History of Pakistan}}- 127 CE - Purushapura becomes eastern capital of Buddhist kingdom Gandhara (approximate date).
- 978 CE - Sabaktagin defeats Jayapala.{{sfn|Balfour|1885}}
- 1001 - 27 November: Battle of Peshawar; Mahmud of Ghazni in power.
- 1006 - Mahmud of Ghazni defeats Anandapala.{{sfn|Davies|2007}}
- 1180 - Mu'izz-Ud-Din Muhammad Ibn Sam in power.{{sfn|Davies|2007}}
- 1630 - Mohabbat Khan Mosque built.
- 1758 - 8 May: Battle of Peshawar; Marathas in power.
19th century- 1810 - Wazir Bagh (garden) laid out.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}
- 1825 - Sikh Ranjit Singh in power.[1]
- 1834
- Hari Singh Nalwa in power.
- Bala Hissar (fort) rebuilt.[2]
- 1838 - Italian Paolo Avitabile in power.{{sfn|Ross|1883}}
- 1849
- British in power.[2]
- Gorak Nath Temple built.[3]
- 1850s - Grand Trunk Road Lahore-Peshawar extension constructed (approximate date).[4]
- 1851 - Peshawar cemetery established.[6]
- 1860 - Flood.{{sfn|Gazetteer|1883}}
- 1867 - Municipality constituted.{{sfn|Gazetteer of India|1908}}
- 1868
- British Peshawar Cantonment laid out near city.
- Population: 56,589 (city); 58,555 (municipality).{{sfn|Gazetteer|1883}}
- 1881 - Population: 79,982.{{sfn|Thornton|1886}}
- 1882 - Sethi Mohallah residence built.[5]
- 1883 - All Saints Church opens in cantonment.[6]
- 1891 - Population: 54,191.{{sfn|Gazetteer of India|1908}}
- 1900
- Cunningham clock tower built.[6]
- Edwardes College established.[6]
20th century- 1901
- City becomes capital of the North-West Frontier Province.{{sfn|Gazetteer of India|1908}}
- Population: 95,147.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1906 - Victoria Hall built.
- 1907 - Peshawar Museum founded.
- 1909 - Ancient Buddhist Kanishka casket discovered by archaeologists in Shah-ji-Dheri near city.
- 1913 - Islamia College established.{{sfn|Schellinger|1996}}
- 1922 - Kapoor Haveli (residence) built.
- 1925 - Khaiber railway built.{{sfn|Encyclopaedia of Islam|1927}}
- 1930
- 23 April: Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre.
- Novelty cinema opens.[7]
- 1932 - Khyber Mail newspaper begins publication.[12]
- 1934 - Landsdowne cinema opens.[7]
- 1936 - Radio station begins broadcasting.[8]
- 1939 - Al Falah newspaper begins publication.[9]
- 1941
- Al-Jamiat-e-Sarhad newspaper begins publication.[9]
- Population: 130,967.[2]
Independence: since 1947- 1947 - City becomes part of the Dominion of Pakistan.
- 1948 - City becomes capital of the Peshawar province.{{sfn|Davies|2007}}
- 1949 - Frontier Corps military reserve headquartered in Bala Hissar (fort).[10]
- 1950
- University of Peshawar established.
- Shahab-e-saqib and Qallandar Urdu-language newspapers begin publication.[9]
- 1951 - Population: 151,776.[11]
- 1954 - Khyber Medical College established.
- 1955
- City becomes part of West Pakistan.{{sfn|Davies|2007}}
- The Statesman English-language newspaper begins publication.[9]
- Abasin Arts Society established.
- 1956 - City becomes part of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
- 1958 - Amal newspaper begins publication.[9]
- 1964 - Peshawar Press Club founded.
- 1965 - Bacha Khan International Airport in operation.
- 1972 - Population: 268,366.[12]
- 1975
- Qayyum Stadium opens.
- Hayatabad suburb established.[13]
- 1976 - Wahdat Pashto-language newspaper begins publication.
- 1977 - Shahādat newspaper begins publication.[12]
- 1980 - May: Explosion at Jamiat Islami Afghanistan headquarters.[14]
- 1981
- Population: 555,000.{{sfn|Davies|2007}}
- Kacha Garhi refugee camp established near city.[13]
- 1982
- Jalozai Afghan refugee camp in operation.[13]
- Afghan Islamic Press news agency established.
- 1984 - Mujāhid Wulas newspaper begins publication.[15]
- 1985
- Karkhano Market and Nishtar Hall[16] established.
- The Frontier Post (English-language) newspaper begins publication.[9]
- 1987 - Frontier Times in publication (approximate date).[15]
- 1988 - Al-Qaeda Islamist group organized.[17]
- 1996 - Qalb-e-Asia Cultural Centre established.[13]
- 1998 - Population: 982,816.[18]
21st century- 2004 - Peshawar Panthers (cricket team) formed.
- 2008 - 5 December: Bombing.[19]
- 2009
- 8 March: Bombing at Rahman Baba shrine.[20]
- 9 June: Pearl Continental hotel bombing.
- August: Bombing.[21]
- 9 October: Bombing in Khyber Bazaar.
- Amn Tehrik (peace effort) launched.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}
- 2010
- 19 April: Bombing in Qissa Khawani Bazaar.[22]
- July: Flood.
- Air pollution in Peshawar reaches annual mean of 111 PM2.5 and 540 PM10, much higher than recommended.[23]
- 2011
- PIA Planetarium inaugurated.
- Saeed Book Bank closes.[24]
- 10 May: Car bomb kills journalist.
- 12 June: Bombings in Khyber market area.
- 2012 - 15 December: 2012 Peshawar airport attack.
- 2013 - 21 June: Bombing at Shiite mosque in Gulshan Colony.
See also- History of Peshawar
- Timelines of other cities in Pakistan: Karachi, Lahore
- Urbanisation in Pakistan
References1. ^{{Citation |publisher = C. Cox |publication-place = London |title = Oriental Interpreter and Treasury of East India Knowledge |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL13521975M/The_oriental_interpreter_and_treasury_of_East_India_knowledge. |author = Jocquim Hayward Stocqueler |publication-date = 1848 |oclc = 3145677 }}
2. ^1 {{Citation |publisher = Columbia University Press |publication-place = New York |editor = Leon E. Seltzer |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL6112221M/The_Columbia_Lippincott_gazetteer_of_the_world |title = Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World |publication-date = 1952 | ol=6112221M }}
3. ^{{cite web |url= |title= Life and times of Peshawar's Kaka Ram |date=21 June 2012 |work=Qissa Khwani |quote=Originally published by The News on Sunday, 17 June 2012 }}
4. ^{{citation |title=Memorandum of the Improvements in the Administration of India During the Last Thirty Years: And the Petition of the East-India Company to Parliament |year=1858 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SICBzx3h7OsC }}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C05%5C06%5Cstory_6-5-2006_pg7_20 |title=Forgotten in the ‘lost-and-found’ of our heritage |date=6 May 2006 |work=Daily Times }}
6. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.lonelyplanet.com/pakistan/north-west-frontier-province/peshawar |title=Peshawar |work=Pakistan |publisher=Lonely Planet |accessdate=17 August 2013 }}
7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C02%5C02%5Cstory_2-2-2009_pg7_28 |title=Curtain going down on cinema culture in Peshawar |date= 2 February 2009 |work=Daily Times |location=Pakistan }}
8. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-20440607 |title=Bollywood's Shah Rukh Khan, Dilip Kumar and the Peshawar club |date=28 November 2012 |work=BBC News }}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |title=Far East and Australasia 2003 |chapter=Pakistan |page=1160+ |series=Regional Surveys of the World |publisher=Europa Publications |isbn=9781857431339 }}
10. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.khyberpakhtunkhwa.gov.pk/aboutus/Town-Places.php |title=About Us: Town & Places |work=Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Official Gateway to Government |author=Directorate of Information Technology, Web Portal Management Cell |publisher=Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |accessdate=17 August 2013}}
11. ^{{cite web |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1950_round.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 1955 |year= |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |title=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants }}
12. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1975 |year=1976 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=253-279 }}
13. ^1 2 3 {{citation |series=Case Study Series |title=Afghans in Peshawar: Migration, settlements and social networks |year=2006 |author=Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendocPDFViewer.html?docid=43e754da2&query=peshawar%20city }}
14. ^{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19801102&id=IuNLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=z40DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4221,311128 |title=Peshawar a hot-bed of spies and plotters |date=2 November 1980 |work=New Sunday Times |location=Malaysia }}
15. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url= http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3APeshawar+%28Pakistan%29+Newspapers.&qt=hot_subject |title=Peshawar (Pakistan) Newspapers |location=USA |work=WorldCat |publisher=Online Computer Library Center |accessdate=17 August 2013}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=Nishtar Hall to host musical concert today after five years|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C27%5Cstory_27-5-2008_pg7_54 |newspaper=Daily Times |location=Lahore |date=May 27, 2008}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/13/history.alqaida |title=A history of terror: Al-Qaeda 1988-2008 |author=Andrew Wander |date=12 July 2008 |work=The Observer |location=UK |publisher=Guardian Media Group }}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2011.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 2011 |year=2012 |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |title=Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants }}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://globalvoicesonline.org/2008/12/05/pakistan-bomb-blast/ |title=Pakistan: Deadly Bomb Blast in Peshawar |date=5 December 2008 |work=Global Voices |author=Farhan Janjua }}
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://lubpak.com/archives/1073 |title=Taliban attack the tomb of Rahman Baba in Peshawar |date=8 March 2009 |work=Let Us Build Pakistan |author= |publisher= }}
21. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12966786 |title=Pakistan Profile: Timeline |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=17 August 2013}}
22. ^{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2010/04/201041914959513554.html|title= Bomb blast hits Pakistan protest|date=19 April 2010|publisher=Al Jazeera English }}
23. ^{{citation |author=World Health Organization |location=Geneva |title=Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database |year=2016 |url=http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ }}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/123082/closure-final-page-turns-on-saeed-book-bank-peshawar/ |title=Closure: Final page turns on Saeed Book Bank Peshawar |date=24 February 2011 |work=Express Tribune |location=Karachi }}
Bibliography{{globalize section|date=June 2017}}{{Refbegin}}- Published in 19th century
- {{Citation |publisher = W.H. Allen |publication-place = London |title = Gazetteer of the Countries Adjacent to India on the Northwest |author = Edward Thornton |publication-date = 1844 |oclc = 6141828 |chapter=Peshawer |chapterurl=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433000638944?urlappend=%3Bseq=111
}}- {{citation |author=E.G.G. Hastings |title=Report on the Settlement of the Peshawar District of the Punjab |location=Lahore |year=1878 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmEBAAAAQAAJ
}}- {{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Peshawar District |oclc=663560992 |year=1883 |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=LpwIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA3-PT29 |chapter= Towns, Municipalities, and Cantonments |page=287+
|ref= {{harvid|Gazetteer|1883}}
}}- {{Citation |publisher = Chapman and Hall |publication-date = 1883 |author = David Ross |title = Land of the Five Rivers and Sindh: Sketches Historical and Descriptive |location=London |chapter=Peshawar |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/landfiveriversa01rossgoog#page/n191/mode/2up
|ref= {{harvid|Ross|1883}}
}}- {{Citation |publisher = B. Quaritch |publication-place = London |author = Edward Balfour |authorlink=Edward Balfour |title = Cyclopaedia of India |edition=3rd |publication-date = 1885 |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/cyclopindiaeast03balfuoft#page/189/mode/1up|chapter= Peshawur
|ref= {{harvid|Balfour|1885}}
}}- {{Citation |publisher = W. H. Allen & Co. |publication-place = London |title = Gazetteer of the Territories under the Government of the Viceroy of India |author = Edward Thornton |publication-date = 1886 |oclc = 710600 |chapter=Peshawar |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/gazetteerofterri00thorrich#page/715/mode/1up |editor=Roper Lethbridge and Arthur N. Wollaston
|ref= {{harvid|Thornton|1886}}
}}- Published in 20th century
- {{cite book |series=Census of India, 1901 |volume=17, Part 2 |title=The Punjab, its Feudatories, and the North-West Frontier Province |location=Simla |year=1902
}} Part 1 - {{Citation |publisher =Clarendon Press |publication-place = Oxford |title = Imperial Gazetteer of India |publication-date = 1908 |edition=New |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee20grea#page/124/mode/2up |chapter=Peshawar City
|ref= {{harvid|Gazetteer of India|1908}}
}}
| title = Encyclopædia Britannica
| publication-place = New York
| publication-date = 1910
| edition=11th
| oclc = 14782424
| via= Internet Archive
|chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri21chisrich#page/282/mode/1up |chapter = Peshawar
| ref = {{harvid|Britannica|1910}}
}}- {{Citation |publisher = J. Murray |publication-date = 1911 |publication-place = London |title = Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon |edition=8th |chapter=Peshawar |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/handbooktravelle00john#page/n419/mode/2up
}}- {{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |year=1927 |location=Leiden |publisher=E.J. Brill |oclc=39715711 |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWNpIGNFz0IC |page=1066 |chapter= Peshawar
|ref= {{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam|1927}}
}}- {{citation |title=Peshawar District Gazetteer |location=Lahore |year=1933
}}- {{cite book |author=Ahmad Hasan Dani |title= Peshawar, Historic City of the Frontier |oclc=556485417 |location= Peshawar |year= 1969
}}- {{Cite book |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9781884964046 |title = International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania |publication-date = 1996 |editor=Schellinger and Salkin |location=UK |chapter=Peshawar |page=669+
|ref= {{harvid|Schellinger|1996}}
}}- Published in 21st century
- {{Citation |publisher = Promilla & Co. in association with Bibliophile South Asia, New Jersey |isbn = 8185002347 |publication-place = New Delhi |title = Across the Wagah: an Indian's sojourn in Pakistan |author = Maneesha Tikekar |publication-date = 2004 |chapter=Peshawar
}}- {{cite book |title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World |editor=C. E. Bosworth |year=2007 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=9789004153882 |chapter=Peshawar |page=426+ |author1=C.C. Davies |author2=C.E. Bosworth
|ref= {{harvid|Davies|2007}}
}}{{refend}}External links{{Commons category|Peshawar}}{{coord|34.016667|71.583333|type:city_region:PK|display=title}}{{PeshawarTopics}}{{Pakistan year nav}} 6 : Years in Pakistan|History of Peshawar|Timelines of cities in Asia|Peshawar-related lists|Pakistani history timelines|Urbanisation in Pakistan |