词条 | Balham |
释义 |
|country = England |region = London |official_name = Balham |coordinates = {{coord|51.4434|-0.1525|display=inline,title}} |london_borough = Wandsworth |constituency_westminster = Battersea; Tooting |post_town = LONDON |postcode_area = SW |postcode_district = SW12 and SW17 |dial_code = 020 |os_grid_reference = TQ285735 |population = 14,751 |population_ref = (2011 Census.Ward)[1] |charingX_distance_mi = 4.5 |charingX_direction = NNE |static_image_name = Balham_tube_080120.jpg |static_image_caption = Balham High Road }} Balham {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|æ|l|əm}} is an affluent neighbourhood in south London, England, in the London Borough of Wandsworth. The area has been settled since Saxon times and appears in the Domesday Book as Belgeham. Today it has a thriving shopping area and a diverse population, as well as good travel connections across London via its London Underground station. HistoryThe settlement appears in the Domesday Book as Belgeham. Bal refers to 'rounded enclosure' and ham to a homestead, village or river enclosure. It was held by Geoffrey Orlateile. Its Domesday Assets were: 1½ ploughs, {{convert|8|acre|m2}} of meadow. It rendered (in total): £2.[2] The Balham area has been settled since Saxon times. Balham Hill and Balham High Road follow the line of the Roman road Stane Street to Chichester – (now the A24 road). Balham is recorded in several maps in the 1600s as Ballam or Balham Hill or Balham Manor. The village was within the parish of Streatham. Large country retreats for the affluent classes were built there in the 18th century; however, most development occurred after the opening of Balham railway station on the line to Crystal Palace in 1856. Second World War air raidOn 14 October 1940 Balham Underground station was badly damaged by air raids on London during World War II. People took shelter in the tube station during the raids. A bomb fell in the High Road and through the roof of the Underground station below, bursting water and gas mains and killing around 64 people.[3] This particular incident was featured in Atonement, a 2001 novel by Ian McEwan.[4][5] An image of the aftermath is of the No. 88 bus which had fallen into the bomb crater.[6][7] Post-warOn the morning of 17 July 1974 a bomb planted by the Provisional IRA exploded near government buildings in Balham, causing substantial damage to buildings.[8] Later that day the group detonated a fatal attack on the Tower of London.[9][10] GeographyBalham is in Wandsworth and encompasses the A24 north of Tooting Bec and the roads radiating off it. The Balham SW12 postcode includes the southern part of Clapham Park otherwise known as Clapham South and the Hyde Farm area, both east of Cavendish Road and within Lambeth (historically Clapham, except for Weir Road) as well as a small detached part of Clapham south of Nightingale Lane, and part of Battersea (the roads north of Nightingale Lane). The southern part of Balham, towards Tooting Bec, near the 1930s block of Art Deco flats called Du Cane Court and the area to the south of Wandsworth Common, comes under the SW17 postcode. The Heaver Estate lies to the south of Balham in Tooting. The Estate mainly comprises substantial houses, was built in the grounds of the old Bedford Hill House and was the work of local Victorian builder, Alfred Heaver. Balham is situated between four south London commons: Clapham Common to the north, Wandsworth Common to the west, Tooting Graveney Common to the south, and the adjoining Tooting Bec Common to the east – the latter two historically distinct areas are referred to by both Wandsworth Council and some local people as Tooting Common. Other nearby areas include Tooting, Streatham, Brixton, Battersea, Wandsworth Common, Clapham South or the southern part of Clapham Park. EconomyBalham's town centre has a variety of bars, restaurants and shops including major chains. There are also local services, including independent stores, coffee houses and brasseries.[11] There are two car parks serving the vicinity, one behind the Sainsbury's (181 spaces)[12] and one in front of Waitrose. DemographyBalham is diverse both in terms of economic and cultural demographics with an increasingly professional middle class population.[13] The Polish population in Balham has hugely increased since 2006, though Balham has been one of the centres of the community in London since World War II. The White Eagle Club is a thriving Polish community centre, and its traditional Saturday night dance draws people from across London. Opposite the White Eagle is The Polish Roman Catholic Church of Christ the King. The Irish, Portuguese, Somali, Pakistani and Brazilian communities are also well represented. Landmarks
Transport{{multiple image| width = 170 | image1 = Southern 377626, Balham (13991902963).jpg | caption1 = National Rail | image2 = Balham tube stn southbound look north.jpg | caption2 = London Underground Balham station is an interchange between rail and Underground services, in London fare zone 3. The stations connect Balham to both the City of London and the West End. Clapham South Underground station is also technically in Balham, lying exactly at the meeting point of Clapham, Battersea and Balham. Current bus routes serving the area are the 155, 249, 255, 315, 355 and N155,[30] Notable people born in Balham
Notable people who used to work, study or live in Balham
"Balham, Gateway to the South"For many years Balham was held up to mockery because of the comedy sketch "Balham, Gateway to the South". Written by Frank Muir and Denis Norden, with Peter Sellers as the narrator, it satirised the travelogues of the day, with their faraway exotic locations, by highlighting the supposed tourist attractions of Balham in postwar austerity Britain. The title's origin most probably alludes to a Southern Railway poster "Gateway to the Continent" dating from 1928 by T D Kerr.[38] In 1979 Micky Dolenz of the Monkees directed a short film based on the sketch with Robbie Coltrane playing multiple roles. It was released for broadcast in 1981.[39][40] The mockery ceased as Balham house prices soared. Balham GroupIn 1932, the Balham Group, the first British Trotskyist group, was expelled from the Communist Party of Great Britain and formed the Communist League. References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13689117&c=Balham&d=14&e=62&g=6339133&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1476264450938&enc=1|title=Wandsworth Ward population 2011|accessdate=12 October 2016|publisher=Office for National Statistics| work=Neighbourhood Statistics}} 2. ^Surrey Domesday Book 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://ww2today.com/14th-october-1940-disaster-at-balham-tube-station|title=14th October 1940: Disaster at Balham Tube station|work=ww2today.com}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2001/sep/29/ianmcewan|title=Atonement by Ian McEwan|work=the Guardian}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/mar/29/ianmcewan|title=Atonement: metanarrative|author=John Mullan|work=the Guardian}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-20637222|title=London Blitz: Bomb Sight interactive map created|work=BBC News}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/gallery/2014/may/20/second-world-war-google-street-view-nazis-paris-london-blitz|title=Second world war in Google Street View|author=Halley Docherty|work=the Guardian}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://alphahistory.com/northernireland/ira-mainland-campaign/|title=The Provisional IRA's mainland campaign|date=23 January 2014|publisher=}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/17/newsid_2514000/2514429.stm |title=1974: Bomb blast at the Tower of London |website=BBC On This Day |year=2008 |accessdate=11 November 2017 }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/18/archives/tower-of-london-bomb-killsl-hurts-41-tower-of-london-bomb-kills-1.html|title=Tower of London Bomb Kills1, Hurts 41|first=Special To the New York|last=Times|date=18 July 1974|publisher=|via=NYTimes.com}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://balham.com/listing/#map |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503094455/http://balham.com/listing/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=3 May 2013 |title=Listings - Balham.com |work=Balham.com }} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Store Overview, Balham|url=http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/sol/storelocator/storelocator_detail_view.jsp?storeId=506&bmForm=store_details|work=Sainsbury's|accessdate=25 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001134646/http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/sol/storelocator/storelocator_detail_view.jsp?storeId=506&bmForm=store_details|archive-date=1 October 2011|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://localstats.qpzm.co.uk/stats/england/london/wandsworth/balham|title=Balham Demographics (Wandsworth, England)|work=qpzm.co.uk}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://bananacabaret.co.uk/about/|title=About|work=bananacabaret.co.uk}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thebedford.co.uk/Content/About-Us.aspx |title=About Us |work=thebedford.co.uk |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508165630/http://www.thebedford.co.uk/Content/About-Us.aspx |archivedate=8 May 2009 |df=dmy }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.morningadvertiser.co.uk/General-News/And-the-winners-are|title=And the winners are|work=MorningAdvertiser.co.uk}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://now-here-this.timeout.com/2014/08/30/comedians-khachapuri-and-chippies-its-balhams-best-bits/|title=Comedians, khachapuri and chippies: it’s Balham’s best bits|work=Time Out Blog}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mysteriousbritain.co.uk/england/greater-london/hauntings/the-bedford-public-house-balham.html|title=The Bedford Public House, Balham|work=mysteriousbritain.co.uk}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/009baa32-fd1d-11e3-8ca9-00144feab7de.html#slide2|title=London’s Balham: from murder mystery to haven for high-flyers|work=Financial Times}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/local/wandsworthnews/8311453.Prostitution_clampdown_hailed_a_success/|title=Prostitution clampdown hailed a success|work=Your Local Guardian}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ducanecourt.com|title=Du Cane Court » Balham High Road » London » SW17|work=ducanecourt.com}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ducanecourt.com/design.html|title=Du Cane Court » Balham High Road » London » SW17|work=ducanecourt.com|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914160429/http://www.ducanecourt.com/design.html|archivedate=14 September 2014|df=dmy-all}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tvlocations.net/plymouthexpress.htm|title=On Location with Poirot - The Plymouth Express|work=tvlocations.net}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.placesforpeopleleisure.org/centres/balham-leisure-centre|title=Balham Leisure Centre|work=placesforpeopleleisure.org}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.better.org.uk/libraries/balham-library |title=Better -Balham Library - Wandsworth - Better Libraries |publisher= |accessdate=9 June 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205085444/http://www.better.org.uk/libraries/balham-library |archivedate=5 December 2015 |df=dmy }} 26. ^Wandsworth Borough Council "Regeneration and Transport Overview and Scrutiny Committee" Report 2002 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907031024/http://ww3.wandsworth.gov.uk/moderngov/%28S%28jpfrmg55o3e5ic45yryvmt55%29%29/Data/Regeneration%20and%20Transport%20Overview%20and%20Scrutiny%20Committee/20020611/Agenda/%28Paper%20No.%2002-475%29.pdf |date=7 September 2014 }} 27. ^Wandsworth Borough Council "Regeneration and Transport Overview and Scrutiny Committee" Report 2005 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907030652/http://ww3.wandsworth.gov.uk/moderngov/%28S%28jpfrmg55o3e5ic45yryvmt55%29%29/Data/Regeneration%20and%20Transport%20Overview%20and%20Scrutiny%20Committee/20050907/Agenda/%24Bedford%20Hill%20%28Paper%20No.%2005-685%29.doc.pdf |date=7 September 2014 }} 28. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-26480686|title='Intelligent' pedestrian crossings trialled in London|work=BBC News}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2014/march/tfl-to-launch-worldleading-trials-of-intelligent-pedestrian-technology-to-make-crossing-the-road-easier-and-safer|title=TfL to launch world-leading trials of intelligent pedestrian technology to make crossing the road easier and safer|author=Transport for London |work=tfl.gov.uk}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/bus-route-maps/balham-010214.pdf|title=www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/bus-route-maps/balham-010214.pdf|publisher=|accessdate=9 June 2016}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NNmFiUnSmUC|title=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music|first=Colin|last=Larkin|date=27 May 2011|publisher=Omnibus Press|accessdate=9 June 2016|via=Google Books}} 32. ^{{cite web|title=Grammy Winner Adele inspires Chesnut Grove students|url=http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/local/wandsworthnews/9542955.Grammy_winner_Adele_inspires_Chesnut_Grove_students/|work=Local Guardian|accessdate=28 January 2014}} 33. ^1 {{cite news | title= Booming Balham | date= 12 January 2004 | url=https://www.standard.co.uk/home/booming-balham-7227965.html}} 34. ^[https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/help-sarah-beeny-wants-to-dig-a-mega-basement-near-us-8596907.htm Help! Sarah Beeny wants to dig a 'mega basement' near us]{{dead link|date=May 2016}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/esmagazine/jack-on-jack-when-dee-met-whitehall-8986491.html|title=Jack on Jack: When Dee met Whitehall|work=The Evening Standard}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://graciefields.org/wordpress/149-high-road-balham/|title=149 High Road, Balham|work=The Official Gracie Fields}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/westwood-opposes-plan-to-build-flats-on-roof-of-her-old-home-6832904.html|title=Westwood opposes plan to build flats on roof of her old home|work=The Evening Standard}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.southernposters.co.uk/Continental/gateway-southern.html|title=Gateway - Southern Posters|work=southernposters.co.uk}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6f14cb15|title=Balham: Gateway to the South (1979)|work=BFI}} 40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tvcream.co.uk/?p=3764|title=Balham - Gateway to the South|date=6 May 2009|publisher=|accessdate=9 June 2016}} External links{{commons category|Balham, London}}
4 : Areas of London|Districts of the London Borough of Wandsworth|Districts of the London Borough of Lambeth|Balham |
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