Trofimenko (Трофименко) is a Ukrainian surname, held by:

• Igor Trofimenko (born 1986), Russian footballer
• Sergei Trofimenko (1899–1953), Soviet general
• Swiatoslaw Trofimenko, American chemist
• Viktor Trofimenko, Soviet general
• Vladimir Trofimenko (born 1953), Russian pole vaulter

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