“Upper Wharfedale Fell Rescue Association”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Upper Wharfedale Fell Rescue Association is based in Grassington in the Yorkshire Dales of northern England, and provides help to people and animals in difficulty in the caves and on the fells around Wharfedale, Nidderdale, Littondale and Mid-Airedale.^[1]^[2] Although it is staffed by approximately 80 volunteers and funded by donations,^[3]^[1]^[4] it is integrated into the emergency services and is called out by the police when there is an appropriate incident.^[5] The Upper Wharfedale Fell Rescue Association was founded in 1948, and is the third oldest such team in the UK.^[6]

Major incidents which have occurred in the area for which the Association is responsible include the Mossdale Caverns incident in 1967 during which six cavers drowned when the system suffered catastrophic flooding,^[7] and an incident in Sleets Gill Cave in 1992 when rising water levels required two trapped cavers to be dived out through {{convert|200|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} of flooded passages.^[8] This was the first major use of diving gear to rescue non-divers in the UK,^[9] and in the following year a reconstruction of the incident was shown on Tyne Tees Television.^[10] Members attended the team's 1,000th callout in March 2012.^[11]

The history of UWFRA was documented in the 1988 book Anytime...Anywhere: the First Fifty Years of the Upper Wharfedale Fell Rescue Association written by members of the UWFRA.

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|title=About the Team|url=http://www.uwfra.org.uk/d6/index.php|publisher=Upper Wharfedale Fell Rescue Association|accessdate=4 November 2012}}
2. ^{{cite book|title=Anytime...Anywhere|year=1998|publisher=Dalesman Publishing Company|location=Clapham, via Lancaster|pages=7}}
3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cravenherald.co.uk/news/9228136.Rescue_team_s___45_000_vehicle_takes_to_the_road/|title=Rescue team's £45,000 vehicle takes to the road (From Craven Herald)|date=4 September 2011|work=Craven Herald & Pioneer|accessdate=27 November 2012}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Upper Wharfedale Fell Rescue Association|url=http://www.justgiving.com/uwfra|publisher=JustGiving|accessdate=4 November 2012}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Safety Advice|url=http://www.uwfra.org.uk/d6/SafetyAdvice|publisher=Upper Wharfedale Fell Rescue Association|accessdate=4 November 2012}}
6. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cravenherald.co.uk/news/8150012.Founder_member_of_fell_rescue_team_dies_aged_89/|title=Founder member of fell rescue team dies aged 89 (From Craven Herald)|date=8 May 2010|work=Craven Herald & Pioneer|accessdate=27 November 2012}}
7. ^{{cite news|last=Kershaw|first=Ray|title=What lies beneath: Mossdale caving disaster|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/what-lies-beneath-mossdale-caving-disaster-794268.html|accessdate=28 April 2013|newspaper=The Independent|date=28 March 2008}}
8. ^{{cite journal|last=Deane|first=Roy|title=Lucky Escape: The Sleets Gill Rescue|journal=Descent|date=June–July 1992|issue=106|pages=20-21|url=http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent106.html|accessdate=28 April 2013}}
9. ^{{cite web|last=Halliwell|first=Ric|title=A Century of British Caving|url=http://www.sat.dundee.ac.uk/~arb/cpc/century.html|publisher=Craven Pothole Club|accessdate=28 April 2013}}
10. ^{{cite journal|last=Howes|first=Chris|title=No Picnic at Sleets Gill|journal=Descent|date=April–May 1993|issue=111|page=5|url=http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent111.html|accessdate=28 April 2013}}
11. ^{{cite web|last=Roberts|first=Liz|title=Rescued challenge walkers return to mark team's 1,000th callout|url=http://www.grough.co.uk/magazine/2012/03/20/rescued-challenge-walkers-return-to-mark-teams-1000th-callout?printview=1|publisher=grough Limited|accessdate=28 April 2013}}

References

External links