| 词条 | Balsam |
| 释义 |
Balsam is the resinous exudate (or sap), which forms on certain kinds of trees and shrubs. Balsam (from Latin balsamum "gum of the balsam tree", ultimately from Semitic, Aramaic busma, Arabic basham and Hebrew basam, "spice", "perfume") owes its name to the biblical Balm of Gilead. ChemistryBalsam is a solution of plant-specific resins in plant-specific solvents (essential oils). Such resins can include resin acids, esters, or alcohols. The exudate is a mobile to highly viscous liquid and often contains crystallized resin particles. Over time and as a result of other influences the exudate loses its liquidizing components or gets chemically converted into a solid material (i.e. by autoxidation).[1] Some authors require balsams to contain benzoic or cinnamic acid or their esters.[2][3] Plant resins are sometimes classified according to other plant constituents in the mixture, for example as:[2]
Usually, animal secretions (musk, shellac, beeswax) are excluded from this definition. List of balsams
SafetySome balsams, such as Balsam of Peru, may be associated with allergies. In particular, Euphorbia latex ("wolf's milk") is strongly irritant and is cytotoxic. See also
References1. ^{{citation | author=Klemens Fiebach | author2=Dieter Grimm | contribution=Resins, Natural | title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry | edition=7th | publisher=Wiley | year=2007 | page=2| title-link=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry }} {{plant common name}}2. ^1 {{citation | author=Andrew Pengelly | title=The constituents of medicinal plants | chapter=Essential oils and resins | edition=2nd | year=2004 | publisher=Allen & Unwin | page=102}} 3. ^{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Balsam |volume=3 |short=x}} 2 : Resins|Plant products |
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