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词条 1985 South African Grand Prix
释义

  1. Classification

     Qualifying  Race 

  2. Championship standings after the race

  3. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2012}}{{Use South African English|date=September 2012}}{{Infobox Grand Prix race report
|Type = F1
|Country = South Africa
|Flag_suffix = 1928
|Grand Prix = South African
|Image = Kyalami 1968layout.svg
|Official name =
|Date = 19 October
|Year = 1985
|Race_No = 15
|Season_No = 16
|Location = Kyalami
Transvaal Province, South Africa
|Course = Permanent racing facility
|Course_mi = 2.55
|Course_km = 4.104
|Distance_laps = 75
|Distance_mi = 191.248
|Distance_km = 308.8
|Weather = Dry
|Pole_Driver = Nigel Mansell
|Pole_Team = Williams-Honda
|Pole_Time = 1:02.366
|Pole_Country = GBR
|Fast_Driver = Keke Rosberg
|Fast_Team = Williams-Honda
|Fast_Time = 1:08.149
|Fast_Lap = 74
|Fast_Country = Finland
|First_Driver = Nigel Mansell
|First_Team = Williams-Honda
|First_Country = GBR
|Second_Driver = Keke Rosberg
|Second_Team = Williams-Honda
|Second_Country = Finland
|Third_Driver = Alain Prost
|Third_Team = McLaren-TAG
|Third_Country = France
}}

The 1985 South African Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 19 October 1985 at the Kyalami Circuit in South Africa. It was the fifteenth and penultimate round of the 1985 FIA Formula One World Championship, and the last World Championship Grand Prix to be held on a Saturday.

The race was marked with some teams boycotting the event due to apartheid – the segregation of blacks and whites – and was the last South African Formula One race until apartheid ended in 1992. The race was won by Nigel Mansell in a Williams-Honda, who also took pole position.

The event was boycotted by several Formula One teams, namely Ligier and Renault due to mounting international pressures against tolerating the country's system of apartheid. French teams Ligier and Renault's boycotts were in lockstep with the French government's boycott and sanctioning of South Africa,[1] apparently doing so under pressure.[2] Most of the Formula One drivers, including Alain Prost, Niki Lauda and Nigel Mansell were personally very much against racing in South Africa, but the drivers held the mentality that because they were contracted to drive at every Grand Prix, they would race at Kyalami. [3]

Some governments tried to keep their drivers from entering the race. Brazil's sanctions on South Africa nearly prevented Nelson Piquet or Ayrton Senna from racing.[4]

Finland and Sweden held similar reservations regarding Finn Keke Rosberg and Swede Stefan Johansson competing.[4] Sweden's National Automobile Federation had announced Johansson could not race in South Africa before the event,[4] but he did race.

Ayrton Senna changed his mind on personally boycotting the race, saying he would race if his Lotus team went.[5] It did and he did, retiring outside the points.

Multiple sponsors also ordered teams to remove their branding from cars they backed, most notably Marlboro and Beatrice Foods.

The latter held an equity interest in the single car Haas Lola team. While Alan Jones qualified 18th for that team, his car was not on the starting grid. Officially Jones cited illness as to why he did not race, but it was widely rumored at the time that Beatrice ordered the team to boycott.[3] In 2017, Jones described a meeting with Bernie Ecclestone the night before the race, who suggested that Jones feign illness the next morning and not show up. Ecclestone described how Beatrice were under pressure in the US from activists such as Jesse Jackson not to race, under threats including strike action by African Americans working in their businesses. Only Jones and team management Teddy Mayer and Carl Haas were aware of this plan. Jones said "And so, on the Saturday morning I was gone. I just didn’t turn up. They had the car out ready to go, when they were told, “AJ’s been struck down by a virus and we are not racing.”"[6][7]

It was the final South African Grand Prix until apartheid ended, with FISA president Jean-Marie Balestre announcing days after the race that a Grand Prix would not return to the nation because of apartheid.[2] Even without the political pressures, this might well have been the final Formula One race held at Kyalami in its then form: FISA had long since deemed that circuits where lap times were under 60 seconds were considered too small for Grand Prix racing and with car speeds increasing all the time, it was reasonable to conclude that lap times from {{f1|1986}} would be under 60 seconds. Kyalami's pole position time had actually fallen by over 10 seconds since the 1981 race, and Mansell's 1985 pole time of 1:02.366 was over two seconds faster than Nelson Piquet's 1984 pole time of 1:04.871.

The South African Grand Prix would only return in 1992, after apartheid ended, in a new configuration of the Kyalami circuit. Mansell would also win the 1992 race driving a Williams, albeit with a naturally-aspirated Renault engine.[8]

Classification

Qualifying

Pole position went to Nigel Mansell, averaging 236.898 km/h (147.201 mph).

Pos No Driver Constructor Q1 Q2 Gap
1 5GBR}} Nigel Mansell Williams-Honda 1:03.188 1:02.366—
2 7BRA|1968}} Nelson Piquet Brabham-BMW 1:03.844 1:02.490 +0.124
3 6FIN}} Keke Rosberg Williams-Honda 1:03.073 1:02.504 +0.138
4 12BRA|1968}} Ayrton Senna Lotus-Renault 1:04.517 1:02.825 +0.459
5 8SWI}} Marc Surer Brabham-BMW 1:05.411 1:04.088 +1.722
6 11ITA}} Elio de Angelis Lotus-Renault 1:04.611 1:04.129 +1.763
7 19ITA}} Teo Fabi Toleman-Hart 1:06.083 1:04.215 +1.849
8 1AUT}} Niki Lauda McLaren-TAG 1:05.357 1:04.283 +1.917
9 2FRA}} Alain Prost McLaren-TAG 1:05.757 1:04.376 +2.010
10 18BEL}} Thierry Boutsen Arrows-BMW 1:05.079 1:04.518 +2.152
11 17AUT}} Gerhard Berger Arrows-BMW 1:06.546 1:04.780 +2.414
12 22ITA}} Riccardo Patrese Alfa Romeo 1:06.386 1:04.948 +2.582
13 20ITA}} Piercarlo Ghinzani Toleman-Hart 1:07.800 1:05.114 +2.748
14 23USA}} Eddie Cheever Alfa Romeo 1:07.159 1:05.260 +2.894
15 27ITA}} Michele Alboreto Ferrari 1:05.268 1:05.757 +2.902
16 28SWE}} Stefan Johansson Ferrari 1:05.406 1:05.388 +3.022
17 3GBR}} Martin Brundle Tyrrell-Renault 1:06.709 1:05.649 +3.283
18 4FRA}} Philippe Streiff Tyrrell-Renault 1:07.935 1:06.205 +3.839
19 29ITA}} Pierluigi Martini Minardi-Motori Moderni 1:10.025 1:08.658 +6.292
20 24NED}} Huub Rothengatter Osella-Alfa Romeo 1:09.904 1:09.873 +7.507
DNS 33AUS}} Alan Jones Lola-Hart 1:07.144 1:05.731 +3.365

Race

Pos No Driver Constructor Laps Time/Retired Grid Points
1 5GBR}} Nigel Mansell Williams-Honda 75 1:28:22.866 1 9
2 6FIN}} Keke Rosberg Williams-Honda 75 + 7.572 3 6
3 2FRA}} Alain Prost McLaren-TAG 74 + 1 Lap 9 4
4 28SWE}} Stefan Johansson Ferrari 74 + 1 Lap 16 3
5 17AUT}} Gerhard Berger Arrows-BMW 74 + 1 Lap 11 2
6 18BEL}} Thierry Boutsen Arrows-BMW 74 + 1 Lap 10 1
7 3GBR}} Martin Brundle Tyrrell-Renault 73 + 2 Laps 17  
Ret 11ITA}} Elio de Angelis Lotus-Renault 52 Engine 6  
Ret 29ITA}} Pierluigi Martini Minardi-Motori Moderni 45 Radiator 20  
Ret 1AUT}} Niki Lauda McLaren-TAG 37 Turbo 8  
Ret 4FRA}} Philippe Streiff Tyrrell-Renault 16 Accident 19  
Ret 12BRA|1968}} Ayrton Senna Lotus-Renault 8 Engine 4  
Ret 27ITA}} Michele Alboreto Ferrari 8 Turbo 15  
Ret 7BRA|1968}} Nelson Piquet Brabham-BMW 6 Engine 2  
Ret 20ITA}} Piercarlo Ghinzani Toleman-Hart 4 Engine 13  
Ret 19ITA}} Teo Fabi Toleman-Hart 3 Engine 7  
Ret 8SWI}} Marc Surer Brabham-BMW 3 Engine 5  
Ret 24NED}} Huub Rothengatter Osella-Alfa Romeo 1 Electrical 21  
Ret 22ITA}} Riccardo Patrese Alfa Romeo 0 Collision 12  
Ret 23USA}} Eddie Cheever Alfa Romeo 0 Collision 14  
DNS 33AUS}} Alan Jones Lola-Hart Unwell 18  
{{center|Source:[9]

Championship standings after the race

{{col-start}}{{col-2}}
Drivers' Championship standings
Pos Driver Points
1FRA}} Alain Prost73 (76)
2ITA}} Michele Alboreto53
3BRA|1968}} Ayrton Senna38
4ITA}} Elio de Angelis33
5GBR}} Nigel Mansell31
Source: [10]
{{col-2}}
Constructors' Championship standings
Pos Constructor Points
1GBR}} McLaren-TAG90
2ITA}} Ferrari80
3GBR}} Lotus-Renault71
4GBR}} Williams-Honda62
5GBR}} Brabham-BMW26
Source: [10]
{{col-end}}
  • Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings. Only the best 11 results counted towards the Drivers' Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.

References

1. ^{{cite journal | last = Walker | first = Rob | authorlink = Rob Walker (motorsport) | date = February 1986 | title = Tiger, Tiger | journal = Road & Track | pages = 122 | volume = 37 | issue = 6 | publisher = Hachette Filipacchi Médias | location = New York, United States}}
2. ^1 {{cite journal | last = Paskman | first = Ken | date = 1985-10-24 | title = Auto Racing | journal = Orlando Sentinel | pages = B.2 | issue = 3 Star Edition | publisher = Tribune Company | location = Orlando, Florida, United States}}
3. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2008/02/05/f1-and-racism-the-1985-south-african-grand-prix/|title= 1985 South African Grand Prix flashback| date= 5 February 2008| access-date = 19 December 2014}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite journal | last = Martin | first = Gordon | date = 1985-09-17 | title = The Apartheid Controversy Reaches Formula 1 Racing | journal = San Francisco Chronicle | pages = 63 | issue = Final Edition | publisher = Hearst Communications | location = San Francisco, California, United States}}
5. ^{{cite journal | date = 1985-09-27 | title = Injury shelves Lauda | journal = The Gazette | pages = C.12 | issue = Final Edition | publisher = CanWest Global Communications | location = Montreal, Quebec, Canada}}
6. ^{{cite book|last1=Jones, Clarke|title=AJ: How Alan Jones Climbed to the Top of Formula One|publisher=Penguin Random House Australia}}
7. ^{{cite news|title=Australian F1 legend Alan Jones reveals untold story about his unusual absence from a grand prix|url=http://www.news.com.au/sport/motorsport/formula-one/australian-f1-legend-alan-jones-reveals-untold-story-about-his-unusual-absence-from-a-grand-prix/news-story/8c073066d28aee58b08a27fe394d54d0|accessdate=5 August 2017|agency=news.com.au}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr517.html |title=Grand Prix Results: South African GP, 1992 |publisher=Grandprix.com |access-date=19 December 2014}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.formula1.com/results/season/1985/308/ |title=1985 South African Grand Prix |publisher=formula1.com |accessdate=23 December 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218002439/http://www.formula1.com/results/season/1985/308/ |archivedate=18 February 2014}}
10. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.statsf1.com/en/1985/afrique-du-sud/championnat.aspx|title=South Africa 1985 - Championship • STATS F1|website=www.statsf1.com|access-date=20 March 2019}}
{{F1 race report
| Name_of_race = South African Grand Prix
| Year_of_race = 1985
| Previous_race_in_season = 1985 European Grand Prix
| Next_race_in_season = 1985 Australian Grand Prix
| Previous_year's_race = 1984 South African Grand Prix
| Next_year's_race = 1992 South African Grand Prix
}}{{F1GP 80-89}}

4 : South African Grand Prix|1985 Formula One races|Sport and apartheid in South Africa|1985 in South African sport
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