| 词条 | University of Bath | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| name = University of Bath | image_name = University of Bath logo.svg | image_upright = 0.9 | caption = | motto = Generatim discite cultus (Latin. Virgil, Georgics II) | mottoeng = Learn the culture proper to each after its kind[1] | established = 1885 (Merchant Venturers Technical College) 1960 (Bristol College of Science and Technology) 1966 (Bath University of Technology) 1971 (university status) | type = Public | endowment = £6.9 million {{small|(as of 31 July 2018)}}[2] | budget = £287.9 million {{small|(2017-18)}}[2] | chancellor = HRH The Earl of Wessex | vice_chancellor = Dame Glynis Breakwell | students = {{HESA student population|INSTID=0109}} ({{HESA year}})[3] | undergrad = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=0109}} ({{HESA year}})[3] | postgrad = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=0109}} ({{HESA year}})[3] | doctoral = | city = Bath, Somerset | country = England | coor = {{Coord|51.3796|-2.3280|type:edu_region:GB-BAS|display=inline,title}} | campus = Suburban | free_label = | free = | website = www.bath.ac.uk | affiliations = ACU AMBA EQUIS EUA Universities UK Wallace Group GW4 SETsquared }} The University of Bath is a public university located in Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom. It received its royal charter in 1966, along with a number of other institutions following the Robbins Report. Like the University of Bristol and University of the West of England, Bath can trace its roots to the Merchant Venturers' Technical College, established in Bristol as a school in 1595 by the Society of Merchant Venturers. The university's main campus is located on Claverton Down, a site overlooking the city of Bath, and was purpose-built, constructed from 1964 in the modernist style of the time. In the 2014 Research Excellence Framework, 32% of Bath's submitted research activity achieved the highest possible classification of 4*, defined as world-leading in terms of originality, significance and rigour. 87% was graded 4*/3*, defined as world-leading/internationally excellent.[4] The annual income of the institution for 2017–18 was £287.9 million of which £37.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £283.1 million.[2] {{as of|2018}}, in national rankings the university is currently placed 5th according to the Guardian, 11th in the Complete University Guide and 12th by the Times/Sunday Times. Internationally it is placed in the top 400 by the 2016 ARWU and has featured in the top 300 in the 2016, 2017 and 2018 THE World University Rankings. In The Times and The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2014 the university was awarded the title of "Best Campus University in Britain".[5] and in 2012 the title of ‘University of the Year 2011/12’.[6]The university is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Association of MBAs, the European Quality Improvement System, the European University Association, Universities UK and GW4. HistoryThe University of Bath can trace its roots to a technical school established in Bristol in 1856. In 1885 the school became part of the Society of Merchant Venturers and was renamed the Merchant Venturers' Technical College (whose alumni include the physicists Paul Dirac and Peter Higgs), an institution founded as a school in 1595.[7] Meanwhile, in the neighbouring city of Bath, a pharmaceutical school, the Bath School of Pharmacy, was founded in 1907. This became part of the Technical College in 1929. The college came under the control of the Bristol Education Authority in 1949; it was renamed then the Bristol College of Technology, and in 1960 the Bristol College of Science and Technology, when it became one of ten technical colleges under the umbrella of the Ministry of Education. The college was mainly housed in the former Muller's Orphanage at Ashley Down in Bristol, which still houses part of the City of Bristol College whilst the remainder has been converted into residential housing. A report by the Higher Education Funding Council for England into governance at the University was published on 20 November 2017.[8] The Vice Chancellor of the University is the highest paid in the country.[9] University statusIn 1963, the Robbins Committee report paved the way for the college (along with a number of other institutions) to assume university status as Bath University of Technology. Although the grounds of Kings Weston House, in Bristol, were briefly considered — which then, and until 1969, accommodated the College's School of Architecture and Building Engineering — the City of Bristol was unable to offer the expanding college an appropriately sized single site. Following discussions between the College Principal and the Director of Education in Bath, an agreement was reached to provide the college with a new home in Claverton Down, Bath, on a greenfield site, purchased through a compulsory purchase order from the Candy family of Norwood Farm, overlooking the city. Construction of the purpose-built campus began in 1964, with the first building, now known as 4 South, completed in 1965, and the Royal Charter was granted in 1966. In November 1966, the first degree ceremony took place at the Assembly Rooms in Bath. Over the subsequent decade, new buildings were added as the campus took shape. In the mid-19th century, there were plans to build a college of the University of Oxford on the site.[10] The university logo features the so-called Gorgon's head which is taken, via the university's coat of arms, from a Roman sculpture found in the city.[11] Until 30 October 2012, it was also a member of the 1994 Group. Campus and facilitiesMain campusThe university's main campus is located on Claverton Down, approximately 1.5 miles from the centre of Bath. The site is compact; it is possible to walk from one end to the other in fifteen minutes. The design involved the separation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic, with road traffic on the ground floors and pedestrians on a raised central thoroughfare, known as the Parade. Buildings would line the parade and student residences built on tower blocks rise from the central thoroughfare. Such plans were mostly followed. At the centre of the campus is the Library and Learning Centre, a facility open round the clock offering computing services, information and research assistance as well as books and journals. A number of outlets are housed around the parade, including restaurants, bars and fast-food cafés, plus two banks, a union shop and two small supermarkets, as well as academic blocks. Building names are based on their location and distance vis-à-vis the library (e.g. 1 East, 2 East). Odd-numbered buildings are on the same side of the parade as the Library, and even-numbered buildings are on the opposite side. Buildings along the east-west axis are mostly directly accessible from the parade, which is generally considered to be "level two", but later additions, such as 7 West, 9 West, 3 West North and 8 East, follow the rule less strictly. 7 West is generally accessible only via 5 West or 9 West, and 3 West North, 9 West and 8 East have entrances at ground level at varying distances from the main parade. Buildings on the south of the campus, 1 South to 4 South, are accessible via roads and pedestrian walkways by the university lake and gardens. Buildings, as in many of the so-called plate glass universities, were constructed in a functional modernist style using concrete, although such designs were later derided for lacking the charm of the Victorian red-brick universities or the ancient and medieval ones. In Bath, there is a particular contrast between the concrete campus and the Georgian style architecture of the World Heritage City of Bath. The eastern part of the campus is dominated by the Sports Training Village, built in 1992 and enhanced in 2003 with an extension. The northern perimeter of the university is bounded by student residences Brendon Court, Eastwood, Marlborough Court, Solsbury Court, Norwood House, Osborne House, Polden Court, The Quads, Westwood, and Woodland Court. The original plan for students to be housed in tower blocks above the parade continues with the small number of rooms (110) in Norwood House. However, the second tower block, Wessex House, now hosts offices rather than residences. The university also owns buildings in the city of Bath, mostly student accommodation dotted around town, including Canal Wharf, Carpenter House, Clevelands Building, John Wood Building and John Wood Court, Pulteney Court and Thornbank Gardens. There is also an Innovation Centre that provides work space, practical support and expertise to local technology enterprises and entrepreneurial companies that emerge from the university’s student and academic research base Two new buildings were opened in 2017. The Virgil Building, adapted from a former police station, offers a hub and support for students and staff in the centre of Bath, including professional, counselling and careers services, Joblink, a skills centre and learning commons. The university also opened a centre at 83 Pall Mall in central London, with a stated aim of building partnerships and engaging with business, politics and Bath's alumni community in the UK's capital. Over several years, the grounds have received recognition for their outstanding beauty with awards from Bath in Bloom.[12] Campus developmentsThe university continually upgrades its Claverton Down campus with new teaching blocks. A proposal to move the boundary of the green belt away to the edge of the campus to facilitate further development was agreed in October 2007 by the local council following a public inquiry, although the boundary of the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty still crosses the site. In July 2005, building 3 West North (officially opened on 27 October) was completed. The deconstruction of the asbestos-contaminated 4 West was completed in mid-2005 and the 4 West building opened in April 2010, providing additional teaching and office space.
University of Bath in SwindonThe university opened a second site, Oakfield Campus, in 2000 on Marlowe Road Swindon, on a site leased from the Council. Formerly Oakfield School, the site was jointly funded by the university and Swindon Council. Officially The University of Bath in Swindon, the campus offered undergraduate courses in childhood studies and social work.[21] The campus was closed in the summer of 2008.[22] Under the Gateway Project, the university had planned to build a major new campus next to the Great Western Hospital and the Coate Water nature reserve. The project had met opposition from environmentalists and locals[23] but had met with Government approval.[24] The university withdrew from the project in March 2007 citing "prevailing planning and funding conditions".[25] OrganisationThe university is divided into four faculties and each faculty into various departments. {{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
Academic profileThe university's major academic strengths have been engineering (particularly electronic and electrical and mechanical), the physical sciences, mathematics and technology. Today, the university is also strong in management, humanities, architecture and the social sciences. Courses place a strong emphasis on vocational education; the university recommends students to take a one-year industry placement in the penultimate year of the course, although there is no formal recognition of these placements on students' final degree certificates. According to the latest government assessments, Bath has 15 subjects rated "excellent" (the highest on the scale). These are: Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Business and Management (AMBA accredited); Architecture and Civil Engineering; Economics; Computer Science; Electronic and Electrical engineering; Mechanical Engineering (IMechE accredited); Mathematics, Statistics and Operational research; Education; Molecular Biosciences; Biosciences; Physics and Astronomy; Politics; Sport; Social Policy and Administration.[26] ResearchBath was ranked joint 12th in the UK amongst multi-faculty institutions for the quality (GPA) of its research[27] and 33rd for its Research Power in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework.[28] Over half of the submissions were ranked in the top 10 nationally in their Units of Assessment. 6 out of 13 submissions were ranked in the top 20.[4] Bath has been awarded the Queen's Anniversary Prize twice. In 2011, the university received the award for the Department of Social & Policy Sciences' 'Influential research into child poverty and support for vulnerable people'.[29] The university also received the prize in 2000 to recognise the 'invaluable services to industrial and scientific communities' of the Centre for Power Transmission & Motion Control.[30] Rankings and reputation{{Infobox UK university rankings| ARWU_N = 35–39 | ARWU_W = 401-500 | QS_N = 25 | QS_W = 158 | THE_N = 35 | THE_W = 201-250 | LEIDEN_W = 167 | LINE_1 = 0 | Complete = 11 | The_Guardian = 6 | Times/Sunday_Times = 13 | LINE_2 = 0 | TEF = Gold }}
The University of Bath received a Gold award as part of the UK Government’s Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF). The framework evaluates universities on criteria including teaching quality, learning environment and student outcomes, taking into account factors such as student satisfaction, retention rates and employment.[31] Bath is ranked 11th in the Complete University Guide 2018 League table and has 18 subjects placed within the top 10 in the UK. Architecture and Marketing are ranked number one. The university is ranked 5th in the Guardian University Guide 2018.[32] Bath is ranked 12th of 128 universities across the UK in the Good University Guide.[33] In The Sunday Times 10-year (1998–2007) average ranking of British universities based on consistent league table performance, Bath was ranked 12th overall in the UK.[34] Bath was one of only eight universities (along with the G5, St Andrews and Warwick) to have never left the top 15 in one of the three main domestic rankings between 2008-2017.[35] According to data released by the Department for Education in 2018, Bath was rated as the 7th best university in the UK for boosting male graduate earnings with male graduates seeing a 22.2% increase in earnings compared to the average graduate, and the 8th best university for females, with female graduates seeing a 15.2% increase in earnings compared to the average graduate.[36] Bath was ranked 13th out of 122 UK institutions in the 2017 Times Higher Education (THE) Student Experience Survey.[37] Bath students were joint most likely to recommend the University to their friends.
In the QS World University Rankings 2018 [38] Bath is ranked 160 out of 959 institutions. The university is ranked 167th out of 750 major institutions in the 2017 Leiden Ranking. Admissions
The university has grown rapidly, particularly in the last few years. In the 2016/17 academic year 17,308 students studied at the university, of whom 13,051 were undergraduates and 4,257 were postgraduates.[44] Around 30% of students are international students (those with non-British domicile) with the largest number coming from China (including Hong Kong), France, India and Malaysia.[44] 27.4% of Bath's undergraduates are privately educated, the eleventh highest proportion amongst mainstream British universities.[45] In the 2016-17 academic year, the university had a domicile breakdown of 71:10:19 of UK:EU:non-EU students respectively with a female to male ratio of 47:53.[46] ControversiesApplications outside the EU to the university for undergraduate courses dropped 18.5% at a time early in the recruitment cycle that these applications to competing universities grew by 11.5% for the 2018/19 academic year[47]. In November 2017, frustration with the governance of the university grew, especially concerning the Vice Chancellor, Glynis Breakwell's remuneration.[48] The HEFCE carried out an enquiry and recommended 13 changes to the governance of the university.[48] In November 2017, Breakwell's salary rose by 3.9% (£17,589) to over £468,000.[49] The University and College Union had an "emergency meeting" of all staff to discuss the issue[50] and the students' union organised a vote of no confidence involving all undergraduate and postgraduate students.[51] To date, four MPs have resigned from the advisory board at the University of Bath in protest against the vice-chancellor's pay package.[52] On 5 March 2018, at 13:30, a group of 10 Bath students supporting the UCU strike action occupied the vice chancellor's suite in protest of the university's support for UUK's proposed pension reforms.[53][54] The occupation was endorsed by Bath MP Wera Hobhouse.[55] The university was criticised for its initial response to the protesters, blocking the entrance to the only freely accessible toilets in the occupied area for the first 21 hours of the occupation.[56] The University's response was criticised by local councillor Joe Rayment, alumnus Marcus Sedgwick, NUS Black Students' officer, and prompted the resignation of an external examiner.[57][58][59][60] In September 2018 it was announced that Ian H. White would take over from Glynis Breakwell as Vice-Chancellor in April 2019.[61][62] Student lifeSports and TeamBath{{Main article|TeamBath}}TeamBath is the University of Bath's sporting organisation. The university is host to Team Bath F.C. as well as some of the UK's top Olympic athletes.[63] It has one of the best sports facilities in a United Kingdom university,[64] spread over three main sites: two on the Claverton Down campus, known as the Founder's Hall and Sports Training Village (which also hosts the English Institute of Sport for South West England); and at the Sulis Club, a few miles away in Combe Down. In 2009, Malaysia signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the University of Bath to enable Malaysian athletes preparing for the 2012 London Olympics to train there. The University of Bath was used to prepare athletes for the London Olympics and other sports events like the 2014 Commonwealth Games, the badminton Super Series and cycling circuits in Europe. It continues to be used as an important venue for elite athletes. Facilities at the university include a fitness suite, four squash courts, indoor (110m) and outdoor (400m) athletics tracks, multi-purpose sport halls (including basketball, netball and badminton courts), an eight-court indoor tennis hall, a judo/karate/ju jitsu dojo and centres for sports science and sports medicine.[65] Outdoor synthetic and natural pitches and grounds cater for football, rugby union, field hockey, lacrosse, and American football. A rowing shed on the River Avon for the rowing club was built in 2008. As of late April 2015, a London 2012 Games Legacy 50m swimming pool was installed. Limited free use of these facilities, with restrictions on times, bookings and frequency of use, can be obtained by students with a membership of the university's sport association.[66] Alternatively, reduced prices are available to students and staff. There are also semi-competitive, recreational sporting events. Students' unionThe University of Bath Students' Union (formerly BUSU) known as [https://www.thesubath.com/ The SU University of Bath] has been recognised by the NUS as one of the top three in the UK.[67] It runs over 100 clubs and societies including sports clubs, cultural, arts, interest and faith societies. Some notable examples are:
Notable alumni{{See also|Category:Alumni of the University of Bath}}
See also{{portal|University|Somerset}}{{clear}}Notes1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theoi.com/Text/VirgilGeorgics1.html#2|title=VIRGIL, GEORGICS BOOKS 1-2 - Theoi Classical Texts Library|website=www.theoi.com}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web | url = https://www.bath.ac.uk/publications/university-financial-statements/attachments/accounts-2017-18.pdf| title = Financial Statement 2017-18 | accessdate = 2 December 2018| format = PDF | publisher = University of Bath}} 3. ^1 2 {{HESA citation}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://results.ref.ac.uk/Results/ByHei/107 |title=REF results |publisher=HEFCE |date=18 December 2014 |accessdate=24 March 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/about/rankings/index.html |title=University of Bath rankings}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/University_Guide/ |title=Alastair McCall, 'University of Bath University of the Year', ''The Sunday Times'', 11th September 2011, University Guide 2012 section |publisher=Thesundaytimes.co.uk |date= |accessdate=8 June 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Education|url=http://merchantventurers.com/charitable-activities/education/|publisher=Merchant Venturers|accessdate=18 January 2014}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hefce.ac.uk/reg/staffpay/bath/|title=The report of a HEFCE enquiry into governance surrounding senior pay at the University of Bath was published on 20 November 2017.|last=|first=|date=|website=HEFCE|access-date=}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/news/bath-news/university-bath-vice-chancellor-pay-695907 |title=University of Bath vice-chancellor pay dispute timeline: From home perks bombshell to pay committee exit}} 10. ^{{cite web |title=The story of the University |url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/corporate-information/the-story-of-the-university/ |publisher=University of Bath |accessdate=5 August 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.evalondon.com/bath/gorgon.html|title=Eva London / Bath graduation rings|publisher=}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/BathNES/environmentandplanning/parksandopenspaces/Bath+in+Bloom+Competition.htm |title=Bath in Bloom Competition |publisher=BANES Council |accessdate=14 October 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503163545/http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/BathNES/environmentandplanning/parksandopenspaces/Bath%2Bin%2BBloom%2BCompetition.htm |archivedate= 3 May 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 13. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/campus-investments/project-overview/student-accommodation/index.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=14 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217021216/http://www.bath.ac.uk/campus-investments/project-overview/student-accommodation/index.html |archive-date=17 February 2013 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Centre for the Arts|url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/campus-investments/project-overview/arts-centre/index.html/|publisher=University of Bath|accessdate=28 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529141645/http://www.bath.ac.uk/campus-investments/project-overview/arts-centre/index.html|archive-date=29 May 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/campus-investments/project-overview/1-west/index.html|title=1 West - University of Bath|first=|last=web-support@bath.ac.uk|website=www.bath.ac.uk}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=4 East South|url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/campus-investments/project-overview/4-east-south/index.html|publisher=University of Bath|accessdate=28 May 2014}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=10 West|url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/campus-investments/project-overview/10-west/index.html|publisher=University of Bath|accessdate=28 May 2014}} 18. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/campus-investments/project-overview/manvers-street/index.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 December 2016 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Proposal|publisher=Swindon Civic Trust|last=Hayward|first=Alan|authorlink=Alan Hayward|url=http://www.swindoncivictrust.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/scttowncentreUniversity.pdf|accessdate=12 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820215938/http://www.swindoncivictrust.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/scttowncentreuniversity.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2008|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 24. ^{{cite news |last1=Foster |first1=Vicki |title=University plans are suspended |url=http://www.swindonadvertiser.co.uk/news/1193486.University_plans_are_suspended/ |accessdate=5 August 2018 |work=Swindon Advertiser |date=14 February 2007}} 25. ^{{cite press release|title=University of Bath withdraws from Gateway project|publisher=University of Bath|date=1 March 2007|url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/news/2007/3/1/gateway-withdraw-release.html|accessdate=22 March 2007}} 26. ^{{cite news|author=David Brown Cracow Last updated at 2:23PM, 8 June 2012 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|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-45406697 |publisher=BBC |accessdate=4 September 2018}} 63. ^{{cite news|title=Bath's role talked up as one-year countdown to Olympics begins|url=http://www.thisisbath.co.uk/Bath-s-role-talked-year-countdown-Olympics-begins/story-13016721-detail/story.html|accessdate=1 September 2011|newspaper=Bath Chronicle|date=27 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815020903/http://www.thisisbath.co.uk/Bath-s-role-talked-year-countdown-Olympics-begins/story-13016721-detail/story.html|archive-date=15 August 2011|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 64. ^{{cite news|author=David Brown Cracow Last updated at 2:23PM, 8 June 2012 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,8404-1246309.html |title=Timesonline.co.uk |publisher=Timesonline.co.uk |date= |accessdate=8 June 2012}} 65. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.teambath.com/ |title=Teambath | publisher=University of Bath | accessdate=8 October 2012}} 66. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bathstudent.com/sport/saexplained/facilities/ |title=Bathstudent.com |publisher=Bathstudent.com |date= |accessdate=8 June 2012}} 67. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/about/facts/|title=University of Bath - Facts and Figures 2010|accessdate=18 January 2011}} 68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bts-crew.com |title=BTS-crew.com |publisher=BTS-crew.com |date= |accessdate=8 June 2012}} 69. ^{{cite web|url=http://uniradiobath.com/ |title=University Radio Bath |publisher=University Radio Bath |date= |accessdate=5 October 2014}} 70. ^{{cite web|url=http://people.bath.ac.uk/su9ctv/ |title=CTV • Uni of Bath Students Union Campus Television |publisher=People.bath.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=8 June 2012}} References{{Reflist|30em}}External links{{Commons category|University of Bath}}
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bath, University Of}} 4 : University of Bath|Educational institutions established in 1966|1966 establishments in England|Universities established in the 1960s |
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