| 词条 | Baranavichy | |
| 释义 |
|name = Baranavichy |native_name = Баранавічы |nickname = |image_skyline = Baranavičy Montage (2017).jpg |imagesize = |image_flag = Flag of Baranavičy, Belarus.jpg |image_seal = Coat of Arms of Baranavičy, Belarus.png |image_map = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Belarus |pushpin_map_caption= Location in Belarus |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Belarus}} |subdivision_type1 = Voblast |subdivision_name1 = Brest Region |subdivision_type2 = Raion |subdivision_name2 = Baranavichy District |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = Mentioned |established_date = 1706 |established_title2 = Founded |established_date2 = 1871 |established_title4 = City Status |established_date3 = 1919 |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 53.64 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |population_as_of = 2012 |population_note = |population_total = 170286 |population_metro = |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = EET |utc_offset = +2 |timezone_DST = EEST |utc_offset_DST = +3 |coordinates = {{coord|53|08|N|26|01|E|region:BY|display=inline}} |elevation_m = 193 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 225320 |area_code = +375 (0)163 |registration_plate = 1 |website = {{Official URL}} |footnotes = }} Baranavichy ({{IPAc-en|audio=Baranovichi.ogg|b|ə|ˈ|r|ɑː|n|ə|v|ɪ|tʃ|iː}}; {{lang-be|Бара́навічы}} {{IPA-be|baˈranavʲitʂɨ|}}, Łacinka: {{lang|be-Latn|Baranavičy}}, ; {{lang-ru|Бара́новичи}}, {{lang-pl|Baranowicze}}, {{lang-lt|Baranovičiai}}, {{lang-yi|באראנאוויטש}}, {{lang|yi-Latn|Baranovitsh}}) is a city in the Brest Region of western Belarus with a population (as of 1995) of 173,000. It is a significant railway junction and home to Baranavichy State University. It was also the center of the Baranavichy Voblast between 1939-1941 and again between 1944-1954. HistoryIn the second half of the 17th century the Jesuit mission housed in Baranavichy. In the second half of the 18th century Baranavichy was the property of Mosalskih and Neveselovskih, in the 19th century belonged to the Countess E.A. Rozwadowski. It was part of Novogrodek (Now Navahrudak) okrug, which was successively part of Slonim Governorate, Lithuania one, Grodno one and Minsk one. The city's history began on 17 (29) in November 1871, when began a movement at the newly built section of the railway Smolensk - Brest. Name of the station that arose during construction, gave the nearby village - Baranavichy, the first mention of which is found in the testament of A.E .Sinyavskaya in 1627. Then, in 1871, not far from the station has been built the locomotive depot. 1874 - the appearance of the railway junction. The wooden building of the station, station buildings, a few houses in which lived the railway - such were Baranavichy. The new railway will link Moscow with the western outskirts of the country. The impetus for more intensive settlement of the areas adjacent to the station from the south, was the event in May 1884 - Minsk provincial board has made a decision about building a town on the landlords' lands Rozwadowski, known Rozvadovo. Building of the town was carried out according to plan, approved by the Governor of Minsk May 27, 1884. In the village were 120 houses and lived a half thousand people. According to the plans, approved by Emperor Alexander III, was assumed that there will still be also one railway - Vilnius - Luninets - Pinsk - Rovno. Therefore, at the same time, two and a half kilometers from the station, the Moscow-Brest railway line crossed the track Vilnius-Rovno from Polesie railways. At the crossroads of the railway there is another station Baranavichy (according to Polesie railways), which became the second center of the city. As in the first case, in the area of station settle workers and traders. There is a new settlement, which unlike Rozvadovo, which became informally named the Old Baranavichy, was named New Baranavichy. It was developed on the land owned by peasants of villages located near the new station (Svetilovichi, Gierow, Uznogi). More convenient than the landlords' land, lease terms, proximity to administrative agencies contributed to the rapid growth of this settlement. Recent historyAt the beginning of World War I, Baranavichy was the headquarters of the Russian General Staff. But, after Great Retreat of Russians from Congress Poland, it became a frontline city. It was taken by the German Empire in the Baranovichi Offensive of 25 July 1916 and was under German occupation for 2 years. Finally Germans gave the town to Belarusian People's Republic. During the Polish-Soviet war, it was occupied by Poland on 18 March 1919. Soviets retook it on 17 July 1920 but the Polish retook it on 30 September 1920. On 1 August 1919 it received city rights and became a poviat centre in Nowogródek Voivodship. In 1921 Baranowicze had over 11,000 inhabitants (67% Jews, with the rest being mostly Belarusians, Poles and Russians). Soon the city started to grow and became an important centre of trade and commerce for the area. The city's Orthodox cathedral was built in the Neoclassical style in 1924-31; it was decorated with mosaics that had survived the demolition of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Warsaw. The city was also an important military garrison, with one KOP Cavalry Brigade, 20th Infantry Division and the Nowogródzka Cavalry Brigade stationed there. Because of the fast growth of local industry, in 1938 a local branch of the Polish Radio was opened. In 1939 Baranavichy had almost 30,000 inhabitants and was the biggest and the most important city in the Nowogródek Voivodship. After the beginning of World War II the control of the city was gained by the Soviet Union on 17 September 1939. The local Jewish population of 9,000 was joined by approximately 3,000 Jewish refugees from the Polish areas occupied by Germany. After the start of Operation Barbarossa the city was seized by the Wehrmacht on June 25, 1941. It was part of Generalbezirk Weißruthenien in Reichskommissariat Ostland during German occupation. In August of the same year a ghetto was created in the city, with more than 12,000 Jews kept in terrible conditions in six buildings at the outskirts. Between March 4 and December 14, 1942, the entire Jewish population of the ghetto was sent to various German concentration camps and killed in gas chambers. Only about 250 survived the war.[1] The city was seized by the Red Army on July 6, 1944 (Russian and Ukrainian articles of Baranavichy sets liberation date on 8 July 1944). Significant part of the Polish population of the city had been expelled to Siberia and Kazakhstan. Most of remaining Poles were expelled to Poland. After World War II the city became part of the Soviet Union and the Byelorussian SSR and started to be referred to under its Russian name of Baranovichi. In this time an intensive industrialization took place. In 1991 it became part of independent Belarus. TransportThe city is located on the main east-west highway in Belarus, the M1, which forms a part of European route E30. The first rail line through the city opened around 1870. With additional lines built subsequently, the city developed into an important rail junction. A large military airfield used by the Belarusian Air Force is located just south of the city. Climate{{Weather box|location = Baranavichy|metric first = Yes |single line = Yes | Jan record high C = 11.0 | Feb record high C = 15.1 | Mar record high C = 20.1 | Apr record high C = 29.0 | May record high C = 31.5 | Jun record high C = 32.9 | Jul record high C = 34.7 | Aug record high C = 35.7 | Sep record high C = 31.5 | Oct record high C = 26.1 | Nov record high C = 17.8 | Dec record high C = 11.1 |year record high C = 35.7 | Jan high C = -1.7 | Feb high C = -0.8 | Mar high C = 4.5 | Apr high C = 12.8 | May high C = 19.1 | Jun high C = 21.6 | Jul high C = 23.9 | Aug high C = 23.3 | Sep high C = 17.4 | Oct high C = 11.0 | Nov high C = 3.7 | Dec high C = -0.7 |year high C = 11.2 | Jan mean C = −4.1 | Feb mean C = −3.8 | Mar mean C = 0.6 | Apr mean C = 7.6 | May mean C = 13.5 | Jun mean C = 16.2 | Jul mean C = 18.3 | Aug mean C = 17.5 | Sep mean C = 12.3 | Oct mean C = 7.1 | Nov mean C = 1.3 | Dec mean C = −2.9 |year mean C = 7.0 | Jan low C = -6.5 | Feb low C = -6.6 | Mar low C = -2.8 | Apr low C = 2.9 | May low C = 8.0 | Jun low C = 11.1 | Jul low C = 13.1 | Aug low C = 12.3 | Sep low C = 8.0 | Oct low C = 3.8 | Nov low C = -0.8 | Dec low C = -5.1 |year low C = 3.1 | Jan record low C = -34.5 | Feb record low C = -35.4 | Mar record low C = -28.8 | Apr record low C = -9.6 | May record low C = -4.1 | Jun record low C = 0.9 | Jul record low C = 3.9 | Aug record low C = -0.5 | Sep record low C = -3.4 | Oct record low C = -11.2 | Nov record low C = -19.5 | Dec record low C = -29.9 |year record low C = -35.4 |precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 39 | Feb precipitation mm = 32 | Mar precipitation mm = 40 | Apr precipitation mm = 33 | May precipitation mm = 59 | Jun precipitation mm = 83 | Jul precipitation mm = 94 | Aug precipitation mm = 59 | Sep precipitation mm = 57 | Oct precipitation mm = 43 | Nov precipitation mm = 42 | Dec precipitation mm = 46 |year precipitation mm = 627 |Jan rain days = 9 |Feb rain days = 7 |Mar rain days = 8 |Apr rain days = 11 |May rain days = 15 |Jun rain days = 15 |Jul rain days = 15 |Aug rain days = 12 |Sep rain days = 13 |Oct rain days = 14 |Nov rain days = 13 |Dec rain days = 10 |year rain days = 142 |Jan snow days = 16 |Feb snow days = 16 |Mar snow days = 11 |Apr snow days = 3 |May snow days = 0.1 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 2 |Nov snow days = 8 |Dec snow days = 15 |year snow days = 71 |Jan humidity = 87 |Feb humidity = 84 |Mar humidity = 79 |Apr humidity = 69 |May humidity = 68 |Jun humidity = 73 |Jul humidity = 74 |Aug humidity = 73 |Sep humidity = 79 |Oct humidity = 83 |Nov humidity = 88 |Dec humidity = 89 |year humidity = 79 |source 1 =Pogoda.ru.net[2] |date=May 2013 }} Personalities{{see also|Category:People from Baranovichi}}
International relations{{see also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Belarus}}Twin towns — Sister citiesBaranavichy is twinned with:
See also
References1. ^Baranavichy. Holocaust 2. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/26941.htm | title = Weather and Climate-The Climate of Baranavichy | accessdate = 14 May 2015 | language = Russian | publisher = Weather and Climate }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gdynia.pl/eng/european/city/international/co-operation/4909_39201.html |title=Gdynia - International Gdynia - International co-operation of Gdynia |first=Net |last=P.C. |date= |work=www.gdynia.pl |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019080249/http://www.gdynia.pl/eng/european/city/international/co-operation/4909_39201.html |archivedate=2016-10-19 }} External links{{Commons category|Baranavičy}}
Sports-related links:
History-related links:
6 : Articles containing Yiddish-language text|Cities in Belarus|Populated places in Brest Region|Minsk Governorate|Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–39)|Holocaust locations in Belarus |
|
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。