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词条 120mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892
释义

  1. History

  2. Construction

  3. Naval Use

  4. Ammunition

  5. Photo gallery

  6. References

  7. Notes

  8. External links

{{Infobox weapon
|name=120mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892
| image= 120 45 Canet Kuivasaari.JPG
| image_size = 300
|caption=120mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892 gun on Kuivasaari Island.
|origin=France
|type=Naval gun
Coastal artillery
Railway artillery
|is_ranged=yes
|is_bladed=
|is_explosive=yes
|is_artillery=yes
|is_vehicle=
|is_UK=
|service=1897-1945
|used_by=Russian Empire
Soviet Union
Finland
Japan
|wars=Boxer Rebellion
Russo-Japanese War
World War I
Russian Civil War
Winter War
World War II
|designer=Canet
|design_date=1891
|manufacturer=Obukhov
Perm
|production_date=1897
|number=
|variants=
|weight={{convert|2.95|t|ST|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|length={{convert|5.4|m|ftin|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|part_length={{convert|4.2|m|ftin|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|width=
|height=
|crew=
|cartridge=Fixed QF ammunition
|cartridge_weight={{convert|20.4|kg|lb|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|caliber={{convert|120|mm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} 45 caliber
|action=
|rate=12-15 rpm
|velocity={{convert|823|m/s|ft/s|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|range=
|max_range={{convert|11.8|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=on}} at +20°[1]
|breech=
|recoil=
|carriage=
|elevation=-7° to +20°
|traverse=
}}

The 120mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892 was a Russian naval gun developed in the years before the Russo-Japanese War that armed a variety of warships of the Imperial Russian Navy during the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. Guns salvaged from scrapped ships found a second life on river gunboats of the Soviet Navy during the Russian Civil War and as coastal artillery and railway artillery during World War II.[1] It was estimated that in 1941 there were 35 still in service.[1]

History

In 1891 a Russian naval delegation was shown three guns designed by the French designer Canet. One was a 75/50 gun, one was a 120/45 gun, and the last was a 152/45 gun. All three guns used fixed QF ammunition which produced a rate of fire of 15 rpm for the 75/50 gun, 12 rpm for the 120/45 gun and 10 rpm for the 152/45 gun. The Russians were impressed and in 1892 they negotiated a production license for all three guns.[2]

Construction

There were two main series of the 120/45 guns produced. The first series of 76 guns were built between 1897-1905 at the Obhukov factory.[2] During the Russo-Japanese war a number of barrels of the 152/45 guns burst in action and a strengthened series of 152/45 and 120/45 guns were ordered. 34 of the second series of strengthened guns were built between 1905-1915 at the Obhukov factory. Between 1914-1916 production switched to the Perm factory and a further 18 strengthened guns were produced there.[2]

Naval Use

120/45 guns armed a variety of ships such as armored cruisers, auxiliary cruisers, coastal defense ships, destroyers, gunboats, minesweepers, pre-dreadnought battleships, protected cruisers, seaplane tenders and unprotected cruisers of the Imperial Russian Navy built between 1890-1916.[3]

Armored Cruisers
  • Dmitriy Donskoi-class - The secondary armament of Dmitrii Donskoi consisted of ten, 120/45 guns, in single mounts after an 1895 refit.[4] The secondary armament of Vladimir Monomakh consisted of six, 120/45 guns, in single mounts after an 1897 refit.[5]
  • Rurik - The tertiary armament of this ship consisted of six, 120/45 guns, in single mounts.[6]
Auxiliary Cruisers
  • Angara - The primary armament of this ship consisted of six, shielded, 120/45 guns.
  • Dnepr - The primary armament of this ship consisted of seven, shielded, 120/45 guns.
  • Don - The primary armament of this ship consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns.
  • Lena - The primary armament of this ship consisted of six, shielded, 120/45 guns.
  • Kuban - The primary armament of this ship consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns.
  • Oryol - The primary armament of this ship consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns.[7]
  • Rion - The primary armament of this ship consisted of eight, shielded, 120/45 guns.
  • Terek - The primary armament of this ship consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns.
  • Ural - The primary armament of this ship consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns.[8]
Coastal defense ships
  • Admiral Ushakov-class - The secondary armament of this class of three ships consisted of four, 120/45 guns, in casemates amidships.[9]
Destroyers
  • Lieutenant Shestakov-class - The primary armament of this class of four ships consisted of one, forward, shielded, 120/45 gun.[10]
Gunboats
  • Gilyak - The primary armament of this ship consisted of one, forward, shielded, 120/45 gun.[11]
  • Gilyak-class - The primary armament of this class of four ships consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns, in single mounts, fore and aft.[12]
  • Korietz-class - Four ships of this class the Donets, Kubanets, Terets and Uralets had a tertiary armament of one, 120/45 gun, after 1905-1921 refits.[13]
  • Vogul-class - The primary armament of this ship consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns, in single mounts, fore and aft.[14]
Minesweepers
  • Sofiya - This ships primary armament consisted of one, 120/45 gun, in a forward single mount.[15]
  • Amur-class - This class of two ships primary armament consisted of five,120/45 guns, in single mounts.[16]
Pre-dreadnought Battleships
  • Andrei Pervozvanny-class - This class of two ships tertiary armament consisted of twelve, casemated, 120/45 guns, in single mounts. Four guns were in the bow, four in the stern and four amidships.[17]
  • Sissoi Veliky - This ships tertiary armament consisted of four, 120/45 guns, in single mounts after a 1904 refit.[18]
  • Tri Sviatitelia - This ships tertiary armament consisted of four, 120/45 guns, in single mounts.[19]
  • Navarin - This ships tertiary armament consisted of four, 120/45 guns, in single mounts after a 1904 refit.[20]
Protected Cruisers
  • Boyarin - The primary armament of this ship consisted of six, shielded, 120/45 guns, in single mounts. One each at the bow and stern and four in sponsons amidships.[21]
  • Izumrud-class - This class of two ships primary armament consisted of six, 120/45 guns, in single mounts.[22]
  • Novik - The primary armament of this ship consisted of six, 120/45 guns, in single mounts.[23]
Seaplane Tenders
  • Imperator Aleksandr I - The primary armament of this ship consisted of six, 120/45 guns, in single mounts.
  • Imperator Nikolay I - The primary armament of this ship consisted of six, 120/45 guns, in single mounts.[24]
Unprotected Cruisers
  • Almaz - The primary armament of this ship consisted of seven, 120/45 guns, in single mounts after a 1915 refit.[25]

Ammunition

Ammunition was of fixed QF type. A complete round weighed {{convert|20.4|kg|lb|sp=us|abbr=on}}.[2]

The gun was able to fire:

  • Armor Piercing
  • Chemical
  • Common
  • High Explosive
  • Illumination
  • Incendiary
  • SAP
  • Shrapnel

Photo gallery

References

  • {{cite book|title=Naval Weapons of World War One|last=Friedman|first=Norman|publisher=Seaforth|year=2011|isbn=978-1-84832-100-7|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK}}

Notes

1. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_47-45_m1892.php|title=Russia / USSR 120 mm/45 (4.7") Pattern 1892 - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-04-08}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/786178793|title=Naval weapons of World War One|last=Friedman|first=Norman|date=2011-01-01|publisher=Seaforth|isbn=9781848321007|oclc=786178793}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://navalhistory.flixco.info/H/210339x54503/8330/a0.htm|title=FR RU 4.7in 12cm 45cal 1892 QF Single|last=|first=|date=|website=navalhistory.flixco.info|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_dmitriy_donskoy.htm|title=DMITRIY DONSKOY semi-armoured frigate (1885) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-06}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_vladimir_monomakh.htm|title=VLADIMIR MONOMAKH semi-armoured frigate (1883) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-06}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_riurik.htm|title=RIURIK 1st class cruiser (1895) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-06}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_amc1.htm|title=armed merchant cruisers of WWI - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-08}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_04_amc.htm|title=armed merchant cruisers of Russian-Japanese war 1904 - 1905 - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-08}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_admiral_ushakov.htm|title=ADMIRAL USHAKOV coast defence battleships (1897 - 1899) - Imperial Russian Navy|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-08}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_dd_leytenant_shestakov.htm|title=Лейтенант Шестаков destroyers (1909) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-08}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_gilyak.htm|title=GILYAK gunboat (1899) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-08}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_gilyak07.htm|title=GILYAK gunboats (1907 - 1908) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-08}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_kubanets.htm|title=Кубанец gunboats (1887 - 1889) - Imperial Russian Navy / Soviet Navy (Russia / USSR)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-08}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_vogul.htm|title=Вогул river gunboats (1909) - Imperial Russian Navy / Soviet Navy (Russia / USSR)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-08}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_ms_i.htm|title=minesweepers of WWI - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-08}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_ms_amur2.htm|title=Амур minelayers (1909) - Imperial Russian Navy / Soviet Navy (Russia / USSR)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-09}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_andrey_pervozvannyy.htm|title=Андрей Первозванный battleships (1912) - Imperial Russian Navy / Soviet Navy (Russia / USSR)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-08}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_sisoy_velikiy.htm|title=SISOY VELIKIY battleship (1896) - Imperial Russian Navy|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-06}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_tri_svyatitelya.htm|title=TRI SVYATITELYA turret ship (1897) - Imperial Russian Navy|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-06}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_navarin.htm|title=NAVARIN turret ship (1896) - Imperial Russian Navy|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-08}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_boyarin.htm|title=BOYARIN 2nd class cruiser (1902) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-08}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_zhemchug.htm|title=ZHEMCHUG 2nd class cruisers (1904) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-08}}
23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_novik.htm|title=NOVIK 2nd class cruiser (1901) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-08}}
24. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_wwi_av.htm|title=seaplane carriers of WWI - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-08}}
25. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_almaz.htm|title=ALMAZ 2nd class cruiser (1903) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-08}}

External links

  • http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_47-45_m1892.php
  • http://navalhistory.flixco.info/H/210339x54503/8330/a0.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_almaz.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_boyarin.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_dmitriy_donskoy.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_novik.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_riurik.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_vladimir_monomakh.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_zhemchug.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_admiral_ushakov.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_navarin.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_sisoy_velikiy.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_tri_svyatitelya.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_andrey_pervozvannyy.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_gilyak.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_gilyak07.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_vogul.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_kubanets.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_04_amc.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_amc1.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_ms_amur2.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_ms_i.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_wwi_av.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_dd_leytenant_shestakov.htm
{{DEFAULTSORT:120mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892}}

6 : Naval guns of Russia|Artillery of the Soviet Union|Coastal artillery|Railway guns|120 mm artillery|Obukhov State Plant products
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