| 词条 | Vannes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Vannes |native name = Gwened |commune status = Prefecture and commune |image = Vannes montage.png |image flag = Drapeau de Vannes.svg |image coat of arms = COA fr Vannes 56.svg |caption = Montage of Vannes Top left: View of Ramparts Garden of Vannes and Gaillard Castle Museum; Top right: Saint Peters Cathedral; Middle left: Vieux lavoirs, old washing place; Center: Connetable Tower; Middle right: Intra Muros narrow street; Bottom left: Saint Paterne Church; Bottom right: Conleau Pier |coordinates = {{coord|47.6559|-2.7603|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |arrondissement = Vannes |canton = Vannes-1, 2 and 3 |INSEE = 56260 |postal code = 56000 |mayor = David Robo |term = 2011–2016 |intercommunality = Golfe du Morbihan - Vannes Agglomération |elevation m = 22 |elevation min m = 0 |elevation max m = 56 |area km2 = 32.3 |population = 52648 |population date = 2012 }}Vannes ({{IPA-fr|van}}; {{Lang-br|Gwened}}) is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany in north-western France. It was founded over 2,000 years ago.[1] GeographyVannes is located on the Gulf of Morbihan at the mouth of two rivers, the Marle and the Vincin. It is around {{convert|100|km|0|abbr=off}} northwest of Nantes and {{convert|450|km|0|abbr=on}} south west of Paris. Vannes is a market town and often linked to the sea. History{{See also|Veneti (Gaul)|Bro Gwened}}The name Vannes comes from the Veneti, a seafaring Celtic people who lived in the south-western part of Armorica in Gaul before the Roman invasions. The region seems to have been involved in a cross channel trade for thousands of years, probably using hide boats and perhaps Ferriby Boats.[2] Wheat that apparently was grown in the Middle East was part of this trade.[3] At about 150 BC the evidence of trade (such as Gallo-Belgic coins) with the Thames estuary area of Great Britain dramatically increased.[4] The Veneti were defeated by Julius Caesar's fleet in 56 BC in front of Locmariaquer; many of the Veneti were then either slaughtered or sold into slavery. The Romans settled a town called Darioritum in a location previously belonging to the Veneti. From the 5th to the 7th century, the remaining Gauls were displaced or assimilated by waves of immigrant Britons fleeing the Saxon invasions of Britain. Under the Breton name Gwened (also derived from the Veneti), the town was the center of an independent principality or kingdom variously called Bro-Wened ("Vannes") or Bro-Ereg ("land of Gwereg"), the latter for a prominent member of its dynasty, which claimed descent from Caradog Strongarm. The diocese of Vannes was erected in the 5th century. The Council of Vannes was held there in 461. The realm annexed Cornouaille for a time in the early 6th century but was permanently joined with Domnonia under its king and saint Judicaël around 635. In 1342, Vannes was besieged four times between forces from both sides of the Breton War of Succession. The city's defending commander, Olivier de Clisson IV was captured by the English, but finally released. The French eventually executed him on suspicion that the ransom was unusually low and therefore he may have been a traitor. In 1759, Vannes was used as the staging point for a planned French invasion of Britain. A large army was assembled there, but it was never able to sail following the French naval defeat at the Battle of Quiberon Bay in November 1759. In 1795, during the French Revolution, French forces based in Vannes successfully repelled a planned British-Royalist invasion. PopulationInhabitants of Vannes are called Vannetais. {{Demography|1911 = 23,748 |1936 = 24,068 |1954 = 25,089 |1962 = 30,411 |1968 = 36,576 |1975 = 40,359 |1982 = 42,178 |1990 = 45,644 |1999 = 51,759 |2008 = 52,983 |2012 = 52,648 }} Breton languageThe municipality launched a linguistic plan through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 12 October 2007. In 2008, 7.71% of the children attended the bilingual schools in primary education.[5] TransportTrainThe Gare de Vannes railway station offers connections to Quimper, Rennes, Nantes, Paris and several regional destinations. With the fast train TGV, the journey takes: – 30 minutes to Lorient, – 1 hour to Nantes or Rennes, – 3.5 to 4 hours to Paris. The Transport express régional or TER is a slower train to join railway stations in the close neighborhood, as Auray or Questembert. There is no direct railway from Vannes to Saint-Brieuc (118 km away in the north of Brittany), so the train from Vannes to Saint Brieuc goes via Rennes, which doubles the travel time and cost: it takes 2 to 3 hours to go from Vannes to Saint Brieuc by train. CarTwo highways, in the north of Vannes, provide fast connections by car: – N165: drive west to Lorient (58 km) and Quimper (122 km), south east to Nantes (111 km) – N166: drive north east to Rennes (113 km) + a network of small roads connects Vannes to smaller cities. There is no highway from Vannes to Saint-Brieuc, so the way to northern Brittany consists of small roads. The lack of highway or railway between Vannes and Saint-Brieuc (118 km north) cuts the communications between northern and southern Brittany, and limits Brittany economic performance. AirplanesVannes has a small airfield in the village of Monterblanc, called Vannes-Meucon airport, or "Vannes – Golfe du Morbihan airport". It used to be a military airport, but it is now dedicated to general aviation aircraft. It belongs to Vannes Agglomeration community, the group of cities gathered around Vannes, and the main users of this airfield are Vannes flying club, the local ultralight aviation club, and Vannes school of skydiving. BusThere are 2 bus networks in Vannes: – Kicéo, proposes short travels starting from Vannes Place de la Republique on behalf of Vannes Agglomeration community, – CAT, propose longer travel starting from the railway station on behalf of Morbihan. So there are 2 central bus stations in Vannes: one on Place de la Libération, the other at the railway station. BikeVannes city had a public bicycle rental program, called Velocea based on the same idea as the Paris Vélib'. Hundreds of bicycles are available in 20 automated rental stations each with 10 to fifteen bikes/spaces. Each Velocea service station is equipped with an automatic rental terminal and stands for bicycles. The bicycles were robust and heavy {{convert|18|kg}}, and the user could take a bike in any station, and let it in any station, for a cost as: free the first 4 hours, 1 euro the next 30 minutes, 2 euros per hour. Unfortunatelly, the service was discontinued by August 2017. Monuments and sights
Education
In fiction
Notable peopleVannes was the birthplace of:
SportThe local football team is Vannes OC, members of the Championnat de France de Ligue 2 for the 2009-10 season. The Rugby Club Vannes is the rugby union team and competed in Pro D2 for the 2015-16 season. Both teams play at the Stade de la Rabine built in 2001. The town was the start line for stage 9 of the 2015 Tour de France International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}Twin towns – Sister citiesVannes is twinned with:
Vannes also has partnerships (‘partenariats’) with:
See also{{Portal|Brittany}}
GalleryReferences
1. ^History of Vannes Official website of the city 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Cunliffe|first1=Barry|title=Britain and the continent: networks of interaction. A Companion to Roman Britain|date=2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|pages=1–11}} 3. ^{{cite web|last1=Balter|first1=Michael|title=DNA recovered from underwater British site may rewrite history of farming in Europe|url=http://news.sciencemag.org/archaeology/2015/02/dna-recovered-underwater-british-site-may-rewrite-history-farming-europe?intcmp=highwire|website=Science News|publisher=Science|accessdate=16 March 2015}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Cunliffe|first1=Barry|title=Britain and the continent: networks of interaction." A Companion to Roman Britain|date=2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780470998854|pages=528|url=https://books.google.com/?id=PPfZCqRytugC&dq=Cotentin+Peninsula+trade+Isle+of+Wight|accessdate=16 March 2015}} 5. ^{{Fr icon}} Ofis ar Brezhoneg: Enseignement bilingue 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |title=British towns twinned with French towns |accessdate=2013-07-12 |work=Archant Community Media Ltd |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |archivedate=5 July 2013 }} External links{{Commons category|Vannes}}
4 : Communes of Morbihan|Prefectures in France|Port cities and towns on the French Atlantic coast|Vannes |
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