请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 2018 Armenian revolution
释义

  1. Nomination of Sargsyan for the post of Prime Minister

  2. Protests

     22 April  23 April  24 April  25 April  1 May  2 May  8 May 

  3. Reactions

     International reactions 

  4. See also

  5. References

{{Distinguish|text=the Czechoslovak Velvet Revolution}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}{{Expand Armenian|Բողոքի ցույցեր ընդդեմ Սերժ Սարգսյանի|date=April 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = 2018 Armenian Revolution
Velvet Revolution
RejectSerzh
| partof =
| image = April 22 yerevan republic square protest.jpg
| caption = Protesters on 22 April 2018
| date = 31 March 2018 – 8 May 2018[1]
({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|year1=2018|month1=3|day1=31|year2=2018|month2=5|day2=8}})
| place = Armenia: Yerevan, Gyumri, Vanadzor, Abovyan, Sevan, Gavar, Artashat, Armavir, Ashtarak, Vagharshapat, Kapan, Stepanavan, Spitak, Dilijan
Armenian diaspora: Glendale, California,[2] Moscow,[3] Marseille,[4] Toronto, Montreal, Sochi,Vancouver,[5] Athens, London, Berlin, Buenos Aires, Chicago, Sao Paulo [6]
| causes = Election of Serzh Sargsyan to the post of Prime Minister
| goals =
  • Originally: Resignation of Serzh Sargsyan as PM[7]
  • Later added: Snap elections to the National Assembly[8]
  • Later added: Removal of the Republican Party from power[9][10]
  • Later added: Appointment of Pashiniyan as interim prime minister until snap elections are held[11]

| methods = Demonstrations, sit-ins, student protest, civil disobedience, online activism, boycotts of business, general strike
| status = Ended
| result = Election of Serzh Sargsyan as prime minister on 16 April
Arrest of most opposition leaders after failed talks[12]
|concessions=
  • Serzh Sargsyan resigned as the Prime Minister
  • Republican Party decided to not put forward candidate in votes for new Prime Minister on 1 and 8 May[13]
  • Nikol Pashinyan elected Prime Minister of Armenia on 8 May[14]

| side1 = {{flagdeco|ARM}} Political opposition
  • Civil Contract
Supported by:
  • Way Out Alliance[15]
  • Sasna Tsrer [16]
  • Free Democrats[17]
  • Prosperous Armenia (BHK) (since 23 April)
  • ARF-Dashnaktsutyun (since 28 April)
Non-political groups
  • brigade of military peacekeepers (23 April)[18]
Extra-parliamentary parties
  • Armenian National Congress[19]

| side2 = {{flagdeco|ARM}} Armenian government
  • Armenian police (incl. non-uniformed officers)[20]
  • National Security Service
  • Organized crime and oligarchs[21][22][23]
Political parties:
  • Republican Party
  • ARF-Dashnaktsutyun (until 25 April)

| leadfigures1 = {{flagdeco|ARM}} Nikol Pashinyan MP (detained from 22 to 23 April)[24]
| leadfigures2 = {{flagdeco|ARM}} Serzh Sargsyan (ex-president, resigned Prime Minister)
{{flagdeco|ARM}} Karen Karapetyan (ex-prime Minister, acting Prime minister)
| howmany1 =
Yerevan
  • 250,000 (1 May)[25]
  • 200,000 (23 April)[26]
  • 150,000 (2 May)[27]
  • 115,000 (22 April)[28]
Gyumri
  • 10,000 (27 April)[29]
Glendale, California
  • 5,000[30]

| howmany2 =
| casualties1 = 40 including Nikol Pashinyan[31]
| casualties2 = 6 policemen (on 16 April)[31]
| casualties_label = Injuries
}}

The 2018 Armenian revolution (most commonly known in Armenia as #MerzhirSerzhin ({{lang-hy|ՄերժիրՍերժին}}), meaning "#RejectSerzh") was a series of anti-government protests in Armenia from April to May 2018 staged by various political and civil groups led by member of parliament Nikol Pashinyan (head of the Civil Contract party). Protests and marches took place initially in response to Serzh Sargsyan's third consecutive term as the most powerful figure in the government of the Armenia and later against the Republican Party-controlled government in general. Pashinyan declared it a Velvet Revolution (Թավշյա հեղափոխություն).[32]

On 23 April, Sargsyan conceded, saying "I was wrong, while Nikol Pashinyan was right" and resigned.[33][34] The event is referred to by some as a peaceful revolution akin to revolutions in other post-Soviet states.[35][36][37] By the evening of 25 April, the Republican Party’s coalition partner ARF-Dashnaktsutyun had withdrawn from the coalition.[10]

By 28 April, all of the opposition parties in Armenia's parliament had announced they would support Pashiniyan's candidacy.[38] A vote was scheduled in the National Assembly for 1 May; for Pashiniyan to be elected Prime Minister, which required 53 votes, he would have had to win the votes of at least six members of the Republican Party.[39] Pashinyan was the only candidate who was put forward for the vote.[40] However, the Republican Party unanimously voted against Pashinyan – 102 MPs were present, out of which 56 voted against his candidacy and 45 voted for it.[41][42] One week later, on 8 May, the second vote took place. Pashinyan was elected Prime Minister with 59 votes.[14][43]

Nomination of Sargsyan for the post of Prime Minister

Demonstrations and protests began in March 2018, when members of the Republican Party did not exclude the option of nominating Serzh Sargsyan for the prime minister's post.[44][45][46][47] This meant a continuation of Sargsyan's rule (as either Prime Minister or President) since March 2007. He had amended the constitution in 2015 to remove term limits which would have prevented him doing this.[48]

Protesters had vowed to block the party's headquarters on 14 April, where leaders were going to gather to formally nominate Serzh Sargsyan for prime minister. The Republican Party held its meeting outside of capital Yerevan and unanimously voted to formally nominate Serzh Sargsyan for the office of prime minister.[49] The coalition partner Armenian Revolutionary Federation-Dashnaksutyun (ARF-D) supported the ruling Republican Party’s decision, as did most of the opposition Prosperous Armenia Party caucus.[50][51]

Protests

On March 31, Nikol Pashinyan began his Im Kayl (my step) protest walk, starting in the city of Gyumri, and walking through cities and towns such as Vanadzor, Dilijan, Hrazdan, and Abovyan, before finally reaching Yerevan on April 13 and holding a small rally.[52]

About 100 protesters stayed overnight on France Square after the first day of protests, and an equal number did the same on Saturday night, some sleeping in tents, others gathered around fires. As of Sunday morning, the Armenian police had made no effort to disrupt the demonstrations.[49]

On Monday 16 April, the "Take a Step, Reject Serzh" campaign began actions of civil disobedience. On 17 April, the day that the prime minister's election was scheduled, the protesters intended to block entrances to the building of the National Assembly in order to prevent the vote from taking place.[53][54] Lines of riot police stopped them from advancing further towards the National Assembly building.[55]

After the election of the former president Serzh Sargsyan as the new prime minister, the protests continued to grow, despite hundreds of people being detained by police.[56][57] The prime minister in response asked the government to take back the presidential mansion which it had given him a few weeks earlier.[58] The crowds reached 50,000[59] on the night of 21 April, with countless sporadic street closures in the capital, which also began to spread across the country.[60]

As the crowds grew, the new prime minister called repeatedly for talks with the leader of the protest movement, Nikol Pashinyan, but Pashinyan said he was only willing to discuss the terms of the Prime Minister's resignation.[61] After Pashinyan's rally was visited by the Armenian President on the evening of 21 April for a brief chat with Pashinyan,[62] Pashinyan agreed to meet the prime minister at 10 am on 22 April, saying he believed the topic would be Serzh Sargsyan's resignation.[63]

22 April

The meeting, which lasted for a mere three minutes,[64] failed to achieve anything, with Sargsyan walking out of it and accusing the opposition of "blackmail".[65] During the meeting, Sargsyan asked Pashinyan not to speak on behalf of the people and not to issue ultimatums to the government, given the low level of support for his political alliance (less than 10 percent of the vote). He also warned that Pashinyan had not "learned the lessons of March 1", a reference to the 10 protestors killed by police during protests of his election 10 years earlier, amounting to an open threat of violence.[66]

Immediately after the meeting, Pashinyan led a group of supporters from the site of the meeting by Republic Square on a long march down Tigran Mets and Artsakh streets to the Erebuni district, where they were met by riot police and stun grenades as Pashinyan was detained followed by mass detentions of protestors, including opposition lawmakers Sasun Mikayelyan and Ararat Mirzoyan.[67][68] Protests continue throughout the city. By the evening 232 protestors had been arrested,[69] and, according to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, tens of thousands[70] gathered in Republic Square to continue to demand the resignation of Serzh Sargsyan. The police issued a statement saying that Pashinyan, Mikaelyan and Mirzoyan had been detained for 72 hours; however criminal charges could only be brought against them if the Republican-controlled National Assembly stripped them of their parliamentary immunity.[71]

23 April

Protests resumed on 23 April, with media outlets reporting that former and current members of the Armenian armed forces, including participants of the 2016 April War, have joined in the rallies for the first time.[72][73][74][75] This information was later confirmed by the Ministry of Defence.[76]

Pashinyan was released at 3pm, and went directly to Republic Square where he spoke briefly, saying he would return at 6:30pm. By 4:30pm, Prime Minister Serzh Sargsyan had posted a message on the official website of the prime minister announcing his resignation.[77] Former Prime Minister Karen Karapetyan succeeded Sargsyan as acting Prime Minister.[78]

24 April

24 April is the remembrance day of the Armenian Genocide. The protesters gathered in masses and walked to Tsitsernakaberd, the Genocide Memorial. No protest was held on that day.

25 April

Pashinyan called for renewed protests on 25 April after talks with the Republican Party were cancelled due to Karapetyan’s refusal to accept preconditions laid down by Pashinyan.[10] Earlier Pashinyan stated that the Republican Party had no right to hold power in Armenia, and that a "people's candidate" should be appointed prime minister prior to holding snap elections.[79][80] He added that the protest movement should nominate this transitional prime minister, a position that was rejected by the current government as it would violate the law.[80] Protesters took to the streets to block the road to Yerevan’s international airport and the road leading to the border with Georgia.[81] Meanwhile, the Prosperous Armenia Party and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation both declared their support for Pashinyan's movement, with the latter pulling out of the ruling coalition.[82] Pashiniyan vowed to continue the protests until he was appointed prime minister.[11]

1 May

Parliament held elections for a new Prime Minister, with the opposition leader Pashinyan the only nominee, as over 100,000 people watched the 9 hour session being broadcast live at Republic Square. However the majority party blocked his nomination by voting against him with one exception. After the election, prominent Armenian singers such as Iveta Mukuchyan and Sona Shahgeldyan performed for the crowd and made inspiring speeches. Pashinyan walked to Republic Square and told the crowd to go on strike the next day, and block all transportation from 8:15 in the morning until 5 in the evening, then gather for another rally at 7pm in Republic Square.

2 May

The nation ground to a halt as countless streets and highways were peacefully blocked throughout the nation, and many workers and businesses went on strike. The main airport access road was cut off, with some workers striking, and even land crossings were blocked. 150,000 people gathered in Republic Square to listen to Pashinyan speak, and were told that he had been informed that due to the strike, the ruling party had decided to support his candidacy in the next round of voting on 8 May.[83] Protests were suspended in the meantime.

8 May

On May 8 Parliament again had a vote on a new Prime Minister, and again Nikol Pashinyan was the only candidate. This time the majority Republican party gave Pashinyan enough votes to win with a 59-42 margin.[84] All the votes against Pashinyan still came from the Republican party.

Reactions

On 4 April Edmon Marukyan, leader of the Bright Armenia party, which cooperates with the Civil Contract party lead by Nikol Pashinyan in the Way Out Alliance published an article in Aravot newspaper, in which he stated his preference for formal means of counteracting the ruling coalition rather than civil disobedience actions.[85]

Leader of the Free Democrats party and former MP Khachatur Kokobelyan attended protests and expressed his support for the actions.[17]

Many cultural figures had already declared solidarity with the opposition movement. In particular, well-known musician Serj Tankian of System of a Down addressed the activists declaring his solidarity and support, stressing the impermissibility of one-party rule in Armenia.[86] Some organizations of the diaspora, in particular the Congress of Armenians of Europe, also expressed support for the opposition.[87]

International reactions

  • {{flag|European Union}}: On 24 April the head of the EU Delegation to Armenia hailed the success in the civic disobedience campaign in the country, promising a more intensive process towards the ratification of Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement.[88]
  • {{flag|Georgia}}: Mikheil Saakashvili, former president of Georgia, released a video on 23 April congratulating the Armenian people on Sargsyan's resignation. He stated: "Today you have every right to be proud of yourself, to be proud of the fact that you are Armenians, the proud people who could prove to the whole world that they have dignity, that they want to live in normal human conditions, free from corruption. Armenia has a great future; today I was convinced of it again. I support you, we will always be with you. Well done!"[89] He also claimed that the movement is a "rebellion against Russia".[90]
  • {{flag|Russia}}: Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova praised the peaceful transition, adding that "Armenia, Russia is always with you!"[91] A statement on the Foreign Ministry official web page reads: "We hope that the situation will develop exclusively in the legal and constitutional field, and all political forces will show responsibility and readiness for a constructive dialogue. We are convinced that the prompt return of life in the country to normal and the restoration of public accord meet the fundamental interests of the fraternal Armenia."[92]
  • {{flag|United States}}: On 23 April US Ambassador Richard Mills praised the Armenian police and anti-government protesters led by Nikol Pashinyan for avoiding bloodshed during their standoff that led to the resignation of Prime Minister Serzh Sargsyan. A statement by the US State Department expressed hope that his successor will be chosen in a transparent and constitutional manner. The statement also called on Armenia’s leading political groups to “avoid an escalation of the situation and any violent actions.”[93] Protests were held by Armenians in various communities of the United States, with 5,000 protesters gathering in solidarity with those protesting in Armenia on April 22[94] and additional protests being held on other days, including May 8.[95]

See also

{{portal|Armenia|Social movements|2010s}}
  • 2008 Armenian presidential election protests, especially clashes that occurred 1 March
  • 2011 Armenian protests, triggered over Karen Karapetyan's decision to ban street vendors in Yerevan
  • Mashtots Park Movement, 2012 protests to save green space in Yerevan
  • 2013 Armenian protests, over Serzh Sargsyan's re-election
  • 2013 Armenian protests over public transportation fare hikes
  • Electric Yerevan, 2015 protests over electricity rate hikes
  • 2016 Yerevan hostage crisis demonstrations

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-armenia-election-20180507-story.html|date=7 May 2018|website=Los Angeles Times|title=Armenia contemplates the unlikely: a nonviolent revolution on the cusp of victory}}
2. ^{{cite news|title=Thousands of SoCal Armenians protest election results in their homeland|url=http://abc7.com/politics/socal-armenians-protest-election-results-in-their-homeland/3380671/|agency=KABC-TV|date=23 April 2018}}
3. ^{{cite news|title=В Москве у армянской церкви прошла акция в поддержку протестов в Ереване. Митингующих задержали|url=https://meduza.io/news/2018/04/22/v-moskve-u-armyanskoy-tserkvi-zaderzhali-mitinguyuschih-oni-ustroili-aktsiyu-v-podderzhku-protestov-v|work=meduza|date=22 April 2018|language=ru}}
4. ^{{cite news|last1=Ghukasyan|first1=Seda|title=Yerevan: "Reject Serzh" Rally Kicks-Off in Republic Square; March To Baghramyan Avenue|url=http://hetq.am/eng/news/87558/yerevan-reject-serzh-rally-kicks-off-in-republic-square.html|work=Hetq|date=18 April 2018|quote=He claimed that protesters had removed a photo of Serzh Sargsyan hanging in the Armenian Consulate in Marseille and publicly burnt it.}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rcinet.ca/en/2018/04/23/canada-applauds-courage-of-armenian-protesters|title=Canada ‘applauds’ courage of Armenian protesters|first=Radio Canada|last=International|date=23 April 2018|publisher=rcinet.ca}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://hetq.am/eng/news/87689/yerevans-velvet-revolution-rally-pashinyan-calls-sargsyan-a-political-corpse.html|title=Yerevan's 'Velvet Revolution' Rally: Pashinyan Calls Sargsyan a "Political Corpse"|last=International|date=20 April 2018|publisher=rcinet.ca}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-fresh-protests-sarkisian-yerevan-pashinian/29186416.html|title=Armenian PM Sarkisian Resigns After Protest Leader Pashinian Released|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|accessdate=23 April 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-fresh-protests-sarkisian-yerevan-pashinian/29186416.html|title=Thousands Celebrate As Armenia's Longtime Ruler Sarkisian Steps Down|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/25/04/2018/5ae0c5ae9a794752c5485fdf|title=Пашинян потребовал "единогласной капитуляции" правящей партии Армении|website=РБК}}
10. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenian-opposition-leader-pashinian-calls-for-renewed-protests-after-negotiation-karapetian-cancelled-hhk/29190858.html|title=Pashinian Claims Armenian Ruling Party Defections, Warns PM|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty}}
11. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/26/04/2018/5ae0f4129a794760e47036d0|title=Пашинян пообещал не прекращать протесты до назначения премьером Армении|website=РБК}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Armenia: Negotiations Fail, Opposition Leaders Detained, Protesters Increase in Numbers|url=https://armenianweekly.com/2018/04/22/armenia-negotiations-fail-opposition-leaders-detained-protesters-increase-in-numbers-2/|work=Armenian Weekly|date=22 April 2018}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenian-opposition-leader-pashinian-calls-for-protests-to-continue/29198782.html|title=Armenia's Pashinian Optimistic As Yerevan Protests Continue|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty}}
14. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/08/hes-not-a-populist-hes-popular-nikol-pashinyan-becomes-armenian-pm|title='He's not a populist, he's popular': Nikol Pashinyan becomes Armenian PM|last=Roth|first=Andrew|date=2018-05-08|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-05-08}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.armradio.am/en/2018/04/16/opposition-mp-nikol-pashinyan-discharged-from-hospital-joins-protesters/|title=Opposition MP Nikol Pashinyan discharged from hospital, joins protesters|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://himnadir.am/%D5%AA%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80-%D5%BD%D5%A7%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D6%87-%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1-%D5%AE%D5%BC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80-2/}}
17. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.aravot-en.am/2018/04/04/209928/|title=Khachatur Kokobelyan and Party Members Join Nikol Pashinyan’s Fight - Aravot newspaper|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
18. ^{{cite news|title=Unarmed soldiers join anti-government protests in Armenia|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-politics-protests-army/unarmed-soldiers-join-anti-government-protests-in-armenia-idUSKBN1HU15U|agency=Reuters|date=23 April 2018}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/29185545.html|title=Huge Crowds Keep Up Pressure On Armenian PM|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|accessdate=10 December 2018}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Armenian Police Statement: Those Detaining Citizens in Civilian Dress Are Police Officers|url=http://hetq.am/eng/news/87645/armenian-police-statement-those-detaining-citizens-in-civilian-dress-are-police-officers.html|website=Hetq|date=20 April 2018}}
21. ^{{cite news|title=Pashinyan to Negotiate with Authorities ‘on Behalf of People’ (Live Thread)|url=http://epress.am/en/2018/04/21/thousands-reconvene-anti-government-protests-across-armenia-dozens-detained-live-thread.html|work=epress.am|date=21 April 2018|quote=Samvel Aleksanyan, a local oligarch close to Serzh Sargsyan, is personally fighting demonstrators in Malatia district. In a video published on Facebook, Aleksanyan is seen kicking a protester who is then forcibly put into a car.}}
22. ^{{cite news|last1=Atanesian|first1=Grigor|title=Thousands of protesters shut down Armenia’s capital, dozens injured in clashes|url=https://eurasianet.org/s/thousands-of-protesters-shut-down-armenias-capital-dozens-injured-in-clashes|work=eurasianet|date=16 April 2018}}
23. ^{{cite news|title=Nikol Pashinyan Called on Oligarchs Not to Involve Their Bodyguards|url=http://www.lragir.am/index/eng/0/country/68553/38152|work=lragir.am|date=16 April 2018}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://panarmenian.net/m/rus/news/254618|title=PanARMENIAN.Net - Mobile|website=panarmenian.net|accessdate=23 April 2018}}
25. ^{{cite news|title=Armenia’s revolution continues, as its opposition leader nears power|url=https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21741570-russia-seems-sensibly-wary-interfering-armenias-revolution-continues-its-opposition-leader|work=The Economist|date=3 May 2018}}
26. ^{{cite news|last1=Weiss|first1=Clara|title=Armenian prime minister resigns after mass protests|url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2018/04/25/arme-a25.html|work=World Socialist Web Site|date=25 April 2018}}
27. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/armenias-pro-democracy-movement-defiant-in-face-of-parliament-rejection/2018/05/02/dbb57c0a-4de7-11e8-84a0-458a1aa9ac0a_story.html|title=Armenia’s pro-democracy leader tells his jubilant followers they can ease up|last=Ferris-Rotman|first=Amie|date=2018-05-02|work=Washington Post|access-date=2018-05-05|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}
28. ^{{cite news|last1=Kucera|first1=Joshua|title=Armenian opposition leader arrested, but protesters rally|url=https://eurasianet.org/s/armenian-opposition-leader-arrested-but-protesters-rally|work=eurasianet|date=22 April 2018}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/pashinian-vows-no-geopolitical-reversals-thousands-show-support-gyumri-russian-military-base/29197219.html|title=Armenian Ruling Party Won't Nominate PM Candidate; Pashinian Rallies Support|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty}}
30. ^{{Cite news|url=http://abc7.com/politics/socal-armenians-protest-election-results-in-their-homeland/3380671/|title=SoCal Armenians protest election results in their homeland|last=about|first=Melissa MacBride, bio,|date=23 April 2018|work=ABC7 Los Angeles|access-date=23 April 2018|language=en-US}}
31. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.armradio.am/hy/2018/04/16/an-3/|title=Հոսպիտալացվել է 46 քաղաքացի, այդ թվում՝ 6 ոստիկան|language=hy|accessdate=16 April 2018}}
32. ^{{cite web|title="Velvet Revolution" Takes Armenia into the Unknown|url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/caucasus/armenia/velvet-revolution-takes-armenia-unknown|publisher=Crisis Group|date=26 April 2018}}
33. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/23/04/2018/5addcf479a79476dc2d8c48d?from=main|title=Премьер-министр Армении Саргсян подал в отставку|website=РБК|access-date=23 April 2018}}
34. ^{{Cite news|url=https://armenianweekly.com/2018/04/23/breaking-serge-sarkisian-resigns-as-prime-minister/|title=Breaking: Serge Sarkisian Resigns as Prime Minister|last=Hairenik|date=23 April 2018|work=The Armenian Weekly|access-date=23 April 2018|language=en-US}}
35. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2018-04-23/armenia-s-revolution-is-a-lesson-for-putin|title=Armenia's Peaceful Revolution Is a Lesson for Putin|date=23 April 2018|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=24 April 2018|language=en}}
36. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.unian.info/world/10092863-armenian-revolution-russian-influence-to-remain-amid-power-shift.html|title=Armenian Revolution: Russian influence to remain amid power shift|access-date=24 April 2018|language=en}}
37. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-mass-protests-echo-previous-post-soviet-upheavals-colored-revolutions/29189559.html|title=A 'Color Revolution' In Armenia? Mass Protests Echo Previous Post-Soviet Upheavals|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en|access-date=24 April 2018}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/5ae4a00a9a7947e332f31b35|title=Кандидатуру Пашиняна решили поддержать три партии из парламента Армении|website=РБК}}
39. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenian-opposition-leader-pashinian-calls-for-protests-to-continue/29198782.html|title=Armenian Opposition Leader Pashinian Nominated As PM Candidate|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en|access-date=30 April 2018}}
40. ^[https://www.rferl.org/a/armenian-protest-leader-pashinian-only-candidate-for-premier/29200914.html Armenian Protest Leader Pashinian Only Candidate For Premier], rferl.org; accessed 30 April 2018.
41. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/01/05/2018/5ae85ad19a794783f11f7ac8|title=Парламент проголосовал против Пашиняна на выборах премьера Армении|website=РБК|accessdate=10 December 2018}}
42. ^{{Cite web|url=http://panarmenian.net/m/eng/news/254991|title=PanARMENIAN.Net - Mobile|website=panarmenian.net|access-date=2018-05-08}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-politics-idUSKBN1I90UD|title=Revolution sweeps Armenian opposition leader into power|date=8 May 2018|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2018|via=www.reuters.com}}
44. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/29079492.html|title="Հնարավոր է Սերժ Սարգսյանը դառնա վարչապետ". Շարմազանով|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|language=hy|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
45. ^{{Cite web|url=https://news.am/arm/news/440123.html|title=Համոզված եմ, որ Սերժ Սարգսյանը կլինի վարչապետ. Գալուստ Սահակյան|website=news.am|language=hy|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
46. ^{{Cite news|url=http://henaran.am/348115.html|title=Ես կհամոզեմ Սերժ Սարգսյանին. գեներալ (տեսանյութ)|newspaper=1in.am|access-date=8 April 2018}}
47. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/29034439.html|title="Պատրաստ եմ վարչապետի պաշտոնում առաջադրել Սերժ Սարգսյանի թեկնածությունը". Արմեն Աշոտյան|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|language=hy|accessdate=8 April 2018}}
48. ^Who needs parliamentary republic in Armenia? Vestnik Kavkaza, 5 October 2015
49. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://eurasianet.org/s/sargsyan-officially-nominated-for-office-amid-continuing-protests|title=Sargsyan officially nominated for office amid continuing protests|access-date=16 April 2018|language=en}}
50. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tert.am/en/news/2018/04/15/arfd/2663182|title=ARF-D backs decision to nominate Serzh Sargsyan for prime minister|website=tert.am|access-date=16 April 2018}}
51. ^{{cite news|title=Serzh Sargsyan elected prime minister of Armenia among clashes in Yerevan|url=https://eadaily.com/en/news/2018/04/17/serzh-sargsyan-elected-prime-minister-of-armenia-among-clashes-in-yerevan|accessdate=3 May 2018|publisher=EurAsia Daily|date=17 April 2018}}
52. ^https://www.panorama.am/am/news/2018/03/31/Փաշինյան-քայլարշավ/1927396
53. ^{{cite web |title=Armenia crisis: Protesters bring cities to standstill after vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-43969592 |publisher=BBC |date=2 May 2018 |accessdate=2 May 2018}}
54. ^{{Cite news|url=http://arminfo.info/full_news.php?id=30345&lang=3|title=Arminfo: Armenian opposition continues protests against Serzh Sargsyan`s  premiership|access-date=16 April 2018|language=en}}
55. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.aravot-en.am/2018/04/16/210591|title=More Streets In Yerevan Blocked By Hundreds Opposition Protesters|website=aravot-en.am|access-date=30 April 2018}}
56. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/29180978.html|title=Armenian Police Struggle To Contain Continuing Protests|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|language=hy|access-date=22 April 2018}}
57. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/29183967.html|title=More People Detained In Anti-Sarkisian Protests|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|language=hy|access-date=22 April 2018}}
58. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/29177553.html|title=Sarkisian Gives Up Ownership Of Official Residence|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|language=hy|access-date=22 April 2018}}
59. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/armenia-protests-70-arrested-including-2-suspected-bombers/2018/04/21/4329a64c-4562-11e8-b2dc-b0a403e4720a_story.html|title=Armenia protests: 70 arrested, including 2 suspected bombers|last=Press|first=Associated|date=21 April 2018|work=Washington Post|access-date=22 April 2018|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}
60. ^{{Cite news|url=http://hetq.am/eng/news/87733/armenia-protesters-shut-down-noyemberyan-bagratashen-highway.html|title=Armenia: Protesters Shut Down Noyemberyan-Bagratashen Highway - Hetq - News, Articles, Investigations|access-date=22 April 2018|language=en}}
61. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/29183714.html|title=Armenian PM Wants Urgent Talks With Protest Leader|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|language=hy|access-date=22 April 2018}}
62. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/29184147.html|title=Armenian President Visits Main Protest Site (UPDATED)|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|language=hy|access-date=22 April 2018}}
63. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/29184267.html|title=Serzh Sarkisian, Pashinian Agree To Meet|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|language=hy|access-date=22 April 2018}}
64. ^{{Cite news|url=https://meduza.io/news/2018/04/22/premier-ministr-armenii-vstretilsya-s-liderom-protestov-ih-peregovory-prodlilis-tri-minuty|title=Премьер-министр Армении встретился с лидером протестов. Их переговоры продлились три минуты|work=Meduza|access-date=23 April 2018|language=ru-RU}}
65. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-pm-walks-out-of-meeting-with-protest-leader/29184802.html|title=Tens Of Thousands Fill Yerevan Square As Protest Leader Pashinian Detained|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en|access-date=23 April 2018}}
66. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/22/armenia-unrest-opposition-leader-nikol-pashinyan-detained|title=Armenian opposition leader detained amid political unrest|last=Agencies|date=22 April 2018|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=23 April 2018}}
67. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/22/04/2018/5adc41269a79471825b9f23e|title=Власти Армении пошли на силовую акцию против шествия оппозиции в Ереване|website=РБК|accessdate=23 April 2018}}
68. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-pm-walks-out-of-meeting-with-protest-leader/29184802.html|title=Tens Of Thousands Fill Yerevan Square As Protest Leader Pashinian Detained|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|accessdate=23 April 2018}}
69. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/5adc9bba9a794727c661e540|title=Число задержанных полицией активистов в Ереване возросло до 232 человек|website=РБК|access-date=23 April 2018}}
70. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/29185545.html|title=Huge Crowds Keep Up Pressure On Armenian PM|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|language=hy|access-date=23 April 2018}}
71. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-fresh-protests-sarkisian-yerevan-pashinian/29186416.html|title=Yerevan Bracing For Fresh Protests After Detention Of Leader|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en|access-date=23 April 2018}}
72. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-protests-live-stream-april-23/29186696.html|title=Live Stream: Fresh Protests In Armenia|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en|access-date=23 April 2018}}
73. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/group-soldiers-joins-anti-government-protests-armenia-100315832.html|title=Group of soldiers joins anti-government protests in Armenia|access-date=23 April 2018|language=en-US}}
74. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/europe/2018/04/23/armenian-interior-ministry-condemns-soldiers-joining-anti-government-rallies|title=Armenian soldiers join anti-government protests in Yerevan|work=DailySabah|access-date=23 April 2018}}
75. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/23/04/2018/5addae049a79476016ed7de4|title=К протестам в Ереване присоединились военные|website=РБК|access-date=23 April 2018}}
76. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mil.am/hy/news/5233|title=ՀՀ ՊԱՇՏՊԱՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՆԱԽԱՐԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ {{!}} Հայտարարություն|last=LLC|first=ZOOM GRAPHICS|website=mil.am|access-date=23 April 2018}}
77. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.primeminister.am/hy/press-release/item/2018/04/23/Prime-Minister-Serzh-Sargsyans-statement/|title=Վարչապետ Սերժ Սարգսյանի հայտարարությունը - Մամլո հաղորդագրություններ - Լրատվություն - Հայաստանի Հանրապետության վարչապետ|website=primeminister.am|language=hy|access-date=24 April 2018}}
78. ^{{cite news|title=Armenian PM resigns after protests|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-43868433|accessdate=23 April 2018|work=BBC News|date=23 April 2018}}
79. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobepost.com/2018/04/26/armenia-protests-pishanyan-iskandaryan/|title=Alexander Iskandaryan: Early to Say if Armenia Will Change for Better|last=Fieke Snijder and|first=Mahir Zeynalov|date=26 April 2018|work=The Globe Post|access-date=30 April 2018}}
80. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://meduza.io/news/2018/04/25/oppozitsiya-vnov-vyshla-na-ulitsy-erevana-peregovory-pashinyana-s-premierom-sorvany|title=Оппозиция вновь вышла на улицы Еревана. Переговоры Пашиняна с премьером сорваны|work=Meduza|access-date=25 April 2018|language=ru-RU}}
81. ^https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/5ae046e89a79471c04280ebe Протестующие в Ереване перекрыли дорогу в аэропорт Звартноц
82. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/29192060.html|title=Dashnaktsutyun Quits Armenian Government|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|language=hy|access-date=25 April 2018}}
83. ^https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/armenias-pro-democracy-movement-defiant-in-face-of-parliament-rejection/2018/05/02/dbb57c0a-4de7-11e8-84a0-458a1aa9ac0a_story.html
84. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/29214870.html|title=Pashinian Elected Armenian PM (UPDATED)|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|accessdate=10 December 2018}}
85. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.aravot-en.am/2018/04/04/209928/|title=Dilemma of quick defeat and long-term but inevitable victory {{!}} http://www.aravot-en.am|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
86. ^{{Cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/446477.html|title=Serj Tankian on Yerevan protests: Civil disobedience works like a charm when enough people participate|website=news.am|language=en|access-date=23 April 2018}}
87. ^{{Cite news|url=http://arminfo.info/full_news.php?id=30467&lang=3|title=Arminfo: In Yerevan, the initiative Take a step, turn down Serzhu began the  action of civil disobedience|access-date=16 April 2018|language=en}}
88. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tert.am/en/news/2018/04/24/Switalski/2670578|title=EU envoy pledges to step up ratification of CEPA|website=tert.am|language=en|access-date=26 April 2018}}
89. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/447914.html|title=Saakashvili: Armenia has a great future|website=news.am}}
90. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=31041|title=Civil.Ge - Georgia: Mixed Reactions over Armenia Protests|first=Civil|last=Georgia|website=civil.ge}}
91. ^{{cite news|title=‘I Was Wrong’: Armenian Leader Quits Amid Protests|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/23/world/europe/armenia-prime-minister-protests.html|work=New York Times|date=23 April 2018}}
92. ^{{Cite web|url=http://arka.am/en/news/politics/russian_foreign_ministry_emphasizes_restoration_of_public_accord_in_armenia/|title=Russian foreign ministry emphasizes restoration of public accord in Armenia|website=arka.am|access-date=26 April 2018}}
93. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/29189913.html|title=U.S. Envoy Hails ‘Spirit Of Democracy’ In Armenia|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|language=hy|access-date=26 April 2018}}
94. ^{{cite web|url=https://abc7.com/3380671/|title=SoCal Armenians protest election results in their homeland|first=Melissa|last=MacBride|date=23 April 2018|website=ABC7 Los Angeles|accessdate=10 December 2018}}
95. ^{{cite web|url=https://abc7.com/3442359/|title=Armenians gather in Glendale to rally for upcoming election|first=veronica miracle bio,veronica miracle, veronica abc7|last=bio|date=8 May 2018|website=ABC7 Los Angeles|accessdate=10 December 2018}}
{{Anti-government protests in the 21st century}}{{DEFAULTSORT:2018 Armenian Protests}}

7 : 2018 in Armenia|2018 protests|21st-century revolutions|April 2018 events in Europe|Armenian democracy movements|Colour revolutions|Protests in Armenia
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/20 20:25:14