| 词条 | 2018 Turkish presidential election | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| election_name = Turkish presidential election, 2018 | country = Turkey | type = presidential | ongoing = no | previous_election = Turkish presidential election, 2014 | previous_year = 2014 | election_date = 24 June 2018 | next_election = | next_year = 2023 | opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the Turkish general election, 2018 | turnout = 86.24% {{increase}} 12.11 pp | image1 = | candidate1 = Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | colour1 = FDC400 | party1 = AKP | alliance1 = People's Alliance | popular_vote1 = 26,330,823 | percentage1 = 52.59% | image2 = | candidate2 = Muharrem İnce | colour2 = D50000 | party2 = CHP | alliance2 = Nation Alliance | popular_vote2 = 15,340,321 | percentage2 = 30.64% | image4 = | candidate4 = Selahattin Demirtaş{{efn|group=n|Since 2016 in preventive detention in Istanbul[1]}} | colour4 = B000B8 | party4 = HDP | alliance4 = None{{efn|group=n|Supported by the left-wing political parties and groups of the HDK}} | popular_vote4 = 4,205,794 | percentage4 = 8.40% | image5 = | candidate5 = Meral Akşener | colour5 = 42ABE2 | party5 = İYİ | alliance5 = Nation Alliance | popular_vote5 = 3,649,030 | percentage5 = 7.29% | map_image = Turkish presidential election 2018.png | map_size = 370px | map_caption = Results by province {{legend0|{{Justice and Development Party (Turkey)/meta/color}}|Erdoğan (63)}} {{legend0|{{Republican People's Party (Turkey)/meta/color}}|İnce (8)}} {{legend0|{{Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)/meta/color}}|Demirtaş (10)}} | title = President | before_election = Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | before_party = Justice and Development Party (Turkey) | after_election = Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | after_party = Justice and Development Party (Turkey) }} The Turkish presidential election of 2018 took place on 24 June 2018 as part of the 2018 general election, alongside parliamentary elections on the same day. Following the approval of constitutional changes in a referendum held in 2017, the elected President will be both the head of state and head of government of Turkey, taking over the latter role from the to-be-abolished office of the Prime Minister. The election was originally scheduled for November 2019. Despite insistence from the government that they would not be brought forward, speculation over an early vote continued since the 2017 referendum. After calls from Nationalist Movement Party leader Devlet Bahçeli for a snap election, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced on 18 April 2018 that it would take place on 24 June.[3] Incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan declared his candidacy for the People's Alliance (Turkish: Cumhur İttifakı) on 27 April 2018.[4] Turkey's main opposition, the Republican People's Party, nominated Muharrem İnce, a member of the parliament known for his combative opposition and spirited speeches against Erdoğan.[2] The Peoples' Democratic Party nominated the imprisoned ex-chairman Selahattin Demirtaş. Besides these candidates, Meral Akşener, the founder and leader of İyi Party,[6] Temel Karamollaoğlu, the leader of the Felicity Party and Doğu Perinçek, the leader of the Patriotic Party, have announced their candidacies and collected the 100,000 signatures required for nomination. Campaigning for the election centred mainly on the faltering Turkish economy and the currency and debt crisis, with both government and opposition commentators warning of a more serious economic crisis following the election. The 2018 Gaza border protests, following the United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel, along with the Turkish military operation in Afrin, were also featured in the campaign. Electoral systemThe President of Turkey is directly elected through the two-round system, under which a candidate must obtain at least 50%+1 of the popular vote in order to be elected. If no candidate secures an overall majority outright, then a runoff is held between the two most voted-for candidates from the first round, the winner of which is then declared elected. The first direct election to the Turkish presidency was held in 2014, after a referendum in 2007 abolished the previous system under which the head of state was elected by the legislature, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The President of Turkey is subject to term limits, and may serve at most two consecutive five-year terms.{{cn|date=June 2018}} Prospective presidential candidates must be at least 40 years old and must have completed higher education. Any political party that has won 5% of the vote in the previous parliamentary election can put forward a candidate, although parties that have not met this threshold can form alliances and field joint candidates as long as their total vote share exceeds 5%. Independents can run if they collect 100,000 signatures from the electorate.[3] An estimate released in July 2017 predicted that collecting 100,000 signatures to stand for election could exceed ₺15 million (US$4.2 million) in costs, if each individual signature would require certification by a notary.[4] However, the Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey (YSK) announced that signature collection would occur between 4 and 9 May, with voters having to submit their nominations at their local electoral council branch.{{cn|date=June 2018}} Based on the results of the previous general election in November 2015, only the Justice and Development Party (AKP), Republican People's Party (CHP), Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) are eligible to field candidates for the presidential election. The remaining parties combined received under 3% of the vote and are thus unable to field either a joint candidate or a candidate in their own right. In addition to past election results, parties which have a parliamentary group can nominate a candidate. Thus, the newly formed İyi Party was also eligible to nominate their candidate, since 15 CHP members of parliament defected to them with the intention of allowing the party to form a parliamentary group. However, İyi Party leader and presidential candidates Meral Akşener insisted on being nominated by collecting signatures rather than through parliament.{{cn|date=June 2018}} CandidatesOfficial candidatesThe Supreme Electoral Council (YSK) formally announced the candidates on 13 May.[5]
Selection processIn the run-up to the election, various parties underwent a candidate selection process to nominate presidential candidates. People's Alliance (AKP and MHP){{main|2018 Turkish presidential election candidate nominations#People's Alliance (AKP and MHP)}}Serving president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was widely seen as the undisputed candidate of the People's Alliance, an alliance set up by the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). This was confirmed by MHP leader Devlet Bahçeli on 21 April 2018.[7] The AKP parliamentary group voted unanimously to nominate Erdoğan on 3 May.[8] Republican People's Party (CHP){{main|2018 Turkish presidential election candidate nominations#Republican People's Party (CHP)}}The main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) began a wide search for a candidate, with several rumours that the party was content with supporting a cross-party candidate that was not necessarily in line with the party's values as part of an election alliance. CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu subsequently conducted several meetings with the leaders of the Felicity Party and the İyi Party. Former President Abdullah Gül was mentioned as a cross-party option, allegedly receiving the support of senior officials, but was disbanded following heavy opposition from the lower ranks and voters. Gül eventually announced that he would not stand, citing the lack of cross-party consensus.[9] Despite ruling it out several times, party leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu was frequently mentioned as a potential candidate, along with Yılmaz Büyükerşen, İlhan Kesici, Muharrem İnce and Mehmet Haberal. Certain MPs, such as Öztürk Yılmaz and Didem Engin also publicly declared their interest.[10] On 26 April, CHP MP Özgür Özel, himself seen as a potential candidate, announced that their nominee would be one who would make the AKP 'crazy' the most.[11] On 4 May, Yalova MP Muharrem İnce was declared the party's candidate.[12] Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP){{main|2018 Turkish presidential election candidate nominations#Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP)}}The HDP nominated Selahattin Demirtaş, their former leader who was also the HDP's candidate in 2014, on 4 May.[13] It was reported that the party executive had broadly agreed on Demirtaş earlier, raising concern that his preventative detention since 2016 could potentially bar him from running. Originally due in court on 11 April, Demirtaş's trial for charges of 'spreading terrorist propaganda' was delayed to 30 April, and then again to 8 June.[14] His candidacy was announced as a part of a 'broad coalition of Kurdish and left-wing parties'.[15] His lawyers and HDP officials claimed that his detention wouldn't affect his candidacy.[16] In his first message after announcing his candidacy, he called on his supporters to be his 'hands and arms' during the campaign.[17] İyi Party{{main|2018 Turkish presidential election candidate nominations#İyi Party}}Upon announcing the İyi Party's establishment on 25 October 2017, party leader Meral Akşener announced that she would be a candidate in the presidential election.[18] She reaffirmed her candidacy on 18 April 2018, shortly after the election was called.[19] The party subsequently received pressure from the CHP and the Felicity Party (SP) to enter a joint alliance and support a cross-party candidate, with the SP supporting Abdullah Gül.[20] Akşener refused to withdraw her candidacy, with the party's General Administration Council voting unanimously to nominate her as their party candidate on 24 April 2018.[21] Felicity Party (SP){{main|2018 Turkish presidential election candidate nominations#Felicity Party (SP)}}In the run-up to the election, SP leader Temel Karamollaoğlu managed to carry his party to the mainstream media following a number of speeches where he heavily criticised the government. This led to the SP being regarded as a potential kingmaker in future alliances, causing several larger parties to approach Karamollaoğlu in a bid to field a joint candidate. Although this led to the Nation Alliance being established between the SP, CHP and the İyi Party, no consensus was reached on a joint presidential candidate and each party decided to nominate their own. The SP polled their members on four potential candidates, namely Karamollaoğlu, Abdullah Gül, Haşim Kılıç and Abdüllatif Şener. Karamollaoğlu was announced as the party's candidate on 1 May.[22] Others{{main|2018 Turkish presidential election candidate nominations#Others}}The left-wing Patriotic Party declared their leader Doğu Perinçek as their candidate. As part of a triple alliance of small centre-right parties consisting of the Motherland Party (ANAP), the True Path Party (DYP) and the Justice Party (AP), the AP's leader Vecdet Öz was nominated as a joint candidate. As independents, journalist Levent Gültekin and Tuna Bekleviç declared their intentions to run.{{cn|date=June 2018}} NominationsThe Constitution of Turkey, amended following the controversial 2017 constitutional referendum, allows any party with a parliamentary group (at least 20 MPs) to nominate a presidential candidate. This meant that the AKP, CHP, HDP, MHP and technically the İyi Party were eligible to automatically nominate candidates through parliament. Meral Akşener, the İyi Party's leader and presidential candidate, opted to be nominated through signatures instead. The MHP, as part of the People's Alliance, did not field a candidate and announced support for the AKP candidate Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The CHP formally nominated Muharrem İnce and the HDP nominated Selahattin Demirtaş. The remaining candidates were required to collect at least 100,000 signatures. Voters were able to give signatures to their preferred presidential candidate between 4 May and 9 May at their local electoral council branch. They were only permitted to nominate one candidate. The number of signatures needed to formally become a candidate was 100,000. Seven candidates applied to the YSK to seek nomination by signatures, with three applications being rejected due to insufficient paperwork. As a result, the remaining four successful applicants were as follows.
Voters abroad were not eligible to give signatures, prompting Perinçek to appeal to the Constitutional Court, arguing that the YSK had violated the rights of Turkish citizens abroad. Overseas citizens were, however, allowed to send a signed declaration by post to their local electoral council in Turkey. Only 72 overseas citizens did so, with 17 signing for Akşener, 18 signing for Karamollaoğlu, 35 signing for Perinçek and no signatures for Öz.[23]
CampaignErdoğan campaign{{Main article|Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign, 2018}}Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, incumbent President of Turkey since 2014, was officially nominated as the presidential candidate of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) on 3 May 2018.[30] Shortly thereafter, the nominally oppositional Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) reiterated that it would endorse Erdoğan's candidacy, and would jointly apply to the electoral commission for its formal registration.[31] In early May, it was confirmed by Erdoğan that he would be visiting the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo in the early stages of the campaign, most likely on 20 May 2018, and hold campaign rallies with the Bosnian Turks to drum up support for his re-election bid.[32]İnce campaign{{Main article|Muharrem İnce presidential campaign, 2018}}Muharrem İnce, a member of parliament for Yalova, was announced as the presidential candidate of the Republican People's Party (CHP) on 3 May 2018.[37] On the following day, 4 May, party leader Kemal Kilicdaroglu formally proclaimed the CHP's support for İnce.[38] Shortly thereafter, the CHP began preparations for the campaign season, launching the production of campaign material and merchandise. It was revealed in early May that İnce's campaign would adopt the slogan "Türkiye'ye güvence Muharrem İnce", roughly translating to "Muharrem İnce, an assurance to Turkey",[33] and that it would be kicked off with an election rally in his home city of Yalova on 5 May.[34]Demirtaş campaign{{Main article|Selahattin Demirtaş presidential campaign, 2018}}Selahattin Demirtaş was officially announced as the candidate of the People's Democratic Party (HDP) on 4 May 2018, after members of the party had hinted at his candidacy weeks in advance.[35] Party leader Pervin Buldan declared that Demirtaş, a jailed former co-chair of the HDP, would be leading a five-party "Kurdish alliance" into the general election.[36]Akşener campaign{{Main article|Meral Akşener presidential campaign, 2018}}Meral Akşener was nominated as the candidate of the İyi Party on 4 May 2018, after she had successfully collected the 100,000 signatures required for minor party candidates to gain ballot access. Reportedly, she passed this threshold less than four hours after having launched her signature collection campaign.[37]Karamollaoğlu campaign{{Main article|Temel Karamollaoğlu presidential campaign, 2018}}Temel Karamollaoğlu was nominated as the candidate of the Felicity Party (SP) on 6 May 2018, after he had successfully collected the 100,000 signatures required for minor party candidates to gain ballot access. Karamollaoğlu's campaign adopted the slogan "Türkiye'ye bilge başkan" ("A wise leader for Turkey"). Perinçek campaign{{Main article|Doğu Perinçek presidential campaign, 2018}}Doğu Perinçek was nominated as the candidate of the VATAN Party on 9 May 2018, after he had successfully collected the 100,000 signatures required for minor party candidates to gain ballot access.[38]EndorsementsParties
NGOs and unionsControversiesState of emergency{{seealso|2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt}}On 20 July 2016, five days after an attempted coup, the government declared a state of emergency (Turkish: Olağanüstü Hal, OHAL), allowing ministers to rule the country by decree, bypassing parliament and limiting certain civil freedoms. The government have frequently been criticised for violating the constitutional limits of a state of emergency, using it as an excuse for governing without any political opposition. Since 2016, the state of emergency has been extended for the sixth time, with parliament voting to extend it by a further three months on 18 January 2018.[50] The extension led to speculation that the election would occur under state of emergency conditions, similar to the controversial 2017 constitutional referendum.{{cn|date=June 2018}} Heather Nauert, the Spokesperson for the United States Department of State and acting Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, issued a statement on 20 April citing 'concern' for whether free and fair elections would be possible under a state of emergency.[51] On 24 April, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) issued a statement calling for the elections to be delayed, declaring that they would not meet European standards or be held in a democratic manner.[52] Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, also issued a statement calling for the state of emergency to end in order to guarantee credible elections.[53]The calls to end the state of emergency were criticised by the Turkish government and loyal members of parliament, who called the PACE declaration 'politicised, unfair, unjust and beyond the limits'.[54] Prime minister Binali Yıldırım criticised PACE for being 'non-credible' due to it having invited Democratic Union Party (PYD) chairman Salih Muslim, who is regarded as a terrorist leader by Turkey, to give a speech.[55] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs declared Nauert's statements about a forthcoming election 'unacceptable'.[56] Media censorshipFollowing his nomination as the CHP's presidential candidate on 4 May, Muharrem İnce began his campaign with a rally in his hometown of Yalova. It was noted that only pro-opposition TV channels such as Halk TV were covering the event, with the state broadcaster TRT notably absent. In his next rally at Balıkesir, İnce declared that if TRT were to continue not broadcasting opposition campaigns, he would march to the TRT headquarters with the CHP's 130 MPs and conduct his next rally in front of them.[57] A similar situation was observed during the İyi Party's first extraordinary congress on 1 April, which was only covered by Halk TV. In response, party leader Meral Akşener claimed that she had not embarked on her campaign with any expectations from 'the government's media'.[58] The party subsequently sent the TRT photos from the congress, an abacus and a calculator as a 'present', so that they could count how many people attended the event.[59] Election violenceOn 7 May, a group armed with knives and clubs consisting of allegedly 50 to 60 people approached an İyi Party election stand in Bağcılar, İstanbul, wounding 8 people with one in critical condition.[60][61] The group allegedly consisted of rival Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) campaigners, many of which had reportedly been suspended from the party for past violent activity.[62] A total of 8 people were arrested following the attack, with six being released and two being charged afterwards.[63] On 8 May, the house of İyi Party founding member Mehmet Aslan in Beykoz, İstanbul was shot at by unknown assailants. Aslan was not in the building at the time.[64] On 26 May, a group of Felicity Party and Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) activists engaged in a brawl in Ankara following a dispute over hanging up party flags. Clubs were used by MHP activists, injuring 7 Felicity Party activists with two in serious condition.[65] Felicity Party MP candidate for Ankara, Mehmet Fethi Öztürk, was among the two seriously injured. Gunshots were also reported, which were blamed on Öztürk and led to his arrest while in hospital.[66] Nomination irregularitiesThe Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey (YSK) had devised a system to collect signatures for voters to nominate candidates, with the process taking place between 4 and 9 May. On 8 May, Patriotic Party leader Doğu Perinçek, who by that time was close to reaching the 100,000 signatures needed for nomination, criticised the system for irregularities. Perinçek claimed that the system has crashed throughout 8 May, affecting people who wanted to give signatures, criticising the government for incompetence.[67] The crashes in the system caused doubt about whether Perinçek would reach the required 100,000 signatures by the 9 May deadline.[68] Regardless, Perinçek managed to surpass 100,000 signatures by noon on 9 May.{{cn|date=June 2018}} Leaked speechDuring a leaked speech of a private meeting with AKP officials, Erdoğan ordered them to go in a great number as official reprentatives in voting locations to seize control of the ballot boxes, ensuring that the "work there would be finished before it even started". He also ordered them to target HDP voters with the help of AKP local officials who he assured them would be in possession of voters lists to help with their "special work". This would be done in order to prevent HDP crossing the 10% electoral threshold, which would greatly help the AKP and prevent a repeat of the "7 June experience",[69] when the AKP lost its parliamentary majority in an upset defeat.{{cn|date=June 2018}} Opinion polls{{main|Opinion polling for the Turkish general election, 2018}}Opinion polls have been conducted to gauge voter intentions for the presidential election. Polls have generally shown a clear lead for Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, though with vote totals below his 2014 election victory where he was elected with 51.8% of the vote outright. Indicating that a second round will most likely take place, the polls indicate that there is competition between Muharrem İnce and Meral Akşener over who will proceed to the run-off and face Erdoğan. Emboldened vote shares indicate percentages above 50%, indicating outright first round victory. Graphical summaryVoting intention
Results{{Turkish presidential election, 2018}}Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-kurds-demirtas/jailed-leader-of-turkeys-pro-kurdish-opposition-makes-first-court-appearance-in-14-months-idUSKBN1F11YI|title=Jailed leader of Turkey's pro-Kurdish opposition makes first court appearance in 14 months|date=12 January 2018|website=Reuters|accessdate=7 May 2018}} [70][71][72][73][74]2. ^{{cite web|title=Turkey's main opposition nominates combative former teacher to challenge Erdogan|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-election/turkeys-main-opposition-nominates-combative-former-teacher-to-challenge-erdogan-idUSKBN1I50V4|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=6 May 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cnnturk.com/video/turkiye/anayasa-degisikligi-maddeleri-tam-metni-yeni-anayasa-maddeleri-nelerdir |title=Anayasa değişikliği maddeleri tam metni | Yeni anayasa maddeleri nelerdir? | Son Dakika Türkiye Haberleri |publisher=Cnnturk.com |date= |accessdate=23 October 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|author=Sputnik |url=https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/201707231029396275-cumhurbaskanligina-aday-gostermenin-bedeli-15milyon-lirayi-bulabilir/ |title='Cumhurbaşkanlığına aday göstermenin bedeli 15 milyon lirayı bulabilir' - Sputnik Türkiye |publisher=Tr.sputniknews.com |date=23 July 2017 |accessdate=23 October 2017}} 5. ^http://www.ysk.gov.tr/doc/karar/dosya/77662/2018-472.pdf 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://halktv.com.tr/yskda-kura-cekimleri-yapildi-cumhurbaskani-adaylarinin-siralamasi-belli-oldu-320938|title=YSK'da kura çekimleri yapıldı! Cumhurbaşkanı adaylarının sıralaması belli oldu|date=14 May 2018|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/mhp-genel-baskani-devlet-bahceli-adayimiz-sayin-recep-tayyip-erdogandir-361839.html|title=MHP Genel Başkanı Devlet Bahçeli: Adayımız Sayın Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'dır|publisher=}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.kamupersoneli.net/politika/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-316-imza-ile-aday-oldu-h45314.html|title=Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan 316 İmza İle Aday Oldu!|first=|last=Kamupersoneli.net|publisher=}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gercekgundem.com/siyaset/12266/abdullah-gul-beklenen-kararini-acikladi-aday-degilim|title=Abdullah Gül beklenen kararını açıkladı: Aday değilim|publisher=}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gunes.com/gundem/chp-milletvekili-didem-engin-cumhurbaskanligi-aday-adayiyim-868343|title=CHP Milletvekili Didem Engin: Cumhurbaşkanlığı aday adayıyım Gündem Haberi - GÜNEŞ|publisher=}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/chpli-ozgur-ozel-erdogani-en-cildirtacak-adayi-aciklayacagiz|title=CHP'li Özgür Özel: 'Erdoğan'ı en çıldırtacak adayı açıklayacağız'|website=CNN Türk|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/chp-cumhurbaskani-muharrem-ince-partili-olmayacagim/4377316.html|title=CHP Cumhurbaşkanı Adayı Muharrem İnce: 'Partili Olmayacağım'|first=Yıldız|last=Yazıcıoğlu|publisher=}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/hdpnin-cumhurbaskani-adayi-selahattin-demirtas-oldu-363927.html|title=HDP'nin Cumhurbaşkanı adayı Selahattin Demirtaş oldu|publisher=}} 14. ^http://www.dw.com/tr/demirtaşın-duruşması-8-hazirana-ertelendi/a-43597817 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/hdp-resmen-acikladi-demirtas-aday-40826599|title=HDP resmen açıkladı: Demirtaş aday|publisher=}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/201804301033237228-hdp-demirtas-cumhurbaskani-aday/|title=HDP'li yetkililer: Demirtaş, ceza çıksa da çıkmasa da aday olacak|first=|last=Sputnik|website=tr.sputniknews.com}} 17. ^http://www.dw.com/tr/hdpnin-adayı-demirtaştan-ilk-mesaj/a-43660186 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/meral-aksener-benim-cumhurbaskani-olmami-istiyorlar-iyi-parti-kuruldu,hz54g-JF8kCjBtWSCg6wIA|title=Meral Akşener "İyi Parti"nin kuruluşunda konuştu|date=25 October 2017|publisher=}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.milligazete.com.tr/haber/1532500/erken-secim-karari-sonrasi-meral-aksenerden-flas-aciklama|title=Erken seçim kararı sonrası Meral Akşener'den flaş açıklama|publisher=}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/201804251033171340-iyi-parti-koray-aydin-aksener-gul-cati-aday/|title=İyi Parti: Çatı aday istemiyoruz, CHP ve SP Abdullah Gül ile çıkabilir|first=|last=Sputnik|website=tr.sputniknews.com}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.haberler.com/dha-ankara-iyi-parti-nin-cumhurbaskani-adayi-10786442-haberi/|title=İyi Parti Genel İdare Kurulu Kararını Verdi: Cumhurbaşkanı Adayı Akşener|publisher=}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/saadet-partisinin-cumhurbaskani-adayitemel-karamollaoglu,c18V84kgZkuvmcbMitAaeA|title=Saadet Partisi'nin Cumhurbaşkanı adayı Temel Karamollaoğlu oldu|date=2 May 2018|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gercekgundem.com/siyaset/13889/aksener-rekora-kosuyor-perincekin-imza-sayisinda-artis|title=5. günün sonunda son durum! Perinçek...|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bingolnet.com/2018/05/04/100-bin-imzada-ilk-gun-atilan-imza-sayilari-belli-oldu/|title=100 Bin İmzada İlk Gün Atılan İmza Sayıları Belli Oldu - Bingöl Net - Bingöl Haberleri - Bingöl Son Dakika|date=4 May 2018|publisher=|accessdate=7 May 2018}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://ipahaber.com/2018/05/06/100-bin-imzada-hangi-aday-kac-imza-topladi/|title=100 bin imzada hangi aday kaç imza topladı?|date=6 May 2018|publisher=|accessdate=7 May 2018}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2018/gundem/meral-aksener-iki-yuz-bin-imzaya-ulasti-2391250/|title=Meral Akşener iki yüz bin imzaya ulaştı|publisher=|accessdate=7 May 2018}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2018/gundem/cumhurbaslanligi-adaylari-icin-imza-verme-isleminde-4-gun-sona-erdi-2393142/|title=Cumhurbaşlanlığı adayları için imza verme işleminde 4. gün sona erdi|publisher=|accessdate=7 May 2018}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2018/gundem/dogu-perincek-imza-sayisi-80-bin-kadar-2395273/|title=Cumhurbaşkanlığı adayları için imza verme işleminde son gün|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/siyaset/971703/100_bin_imza_sureci_sona_erdi__iste_son_durum.html|title=100 bin imza süreci sona erdi… İşte son durum|publisher=Cumhuriyegt|accessdate=9 May 2018}} 30. ^{{cite web|title=AKP formally nominates Erdoğan for presidential election|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/akp-formally-nominates-erdogan-for-presidential-election-131254|website=Hürriyet Daily News|accessdate=4 May 2018}} 31. ^{{cite web|title=AKP, MHP jointly apply to election board for Erdoğan's presidential bid|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/akp-mhp-jointly-apply-to-election-board-for-erdogans-presidential-bid-131311|website=Hürriyet Daily News|accessdate=4 May 2018}} 32. ^{{cite web|title=Erdogan's Bosnia Rally May Be Key Game-Changer|url=http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/erdogan-s-bosnia-rally-may-be-key-game-changer-05-04-2018|website=Balkan Insight|accessdate=4 May 2018}} 33. ^{{cite web|title=İşte Muharrem İnce'nin afişi ve sloganı|url=http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/siyaset/968571/iste_Muharrem_ince_nin_afisi_ve_slogani.html|website=Cumhuriyet|accessdate=4 May 2018}} 34. ^{{cite web|title=CHP presidential candidate İnce vows to be 'everyone's president'|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/chp-presidential-candidate-ince-vows-to-be-everyones-president-131298|website=Hürriyet Daily News|accessdate=4 May 2018}} 35. ^{{cite web|title=HDP'li yetkililer: Demirtaş, ceza çıksa da çıkmasa da aday olacak|url=https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/201804301033237228-hdp-demirtas-cumhurbaskani-aday/|website=Sputnik News|accessdate=4 May 2018}} 36. ^{{cite web|title=HDP nominates imprisoned former leader Demirtaş for presidency|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/hdp-nominates-imprisoned-former-leader-demirtas-for-presidency-131350|website=Hürriyet Daily News|accessdate=4 May 2018}} 37. ^{{cite web|title=Akşener collects 100,000 signatures in 4 hours to become presidential candidate|url=https://www.turkishminute.com/2018/05/04/aksener-collects-100000-signatures-in-4-hours-to-become-presidential-candidate/|website=Turkish Minute|accessdate=4 May 2018}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.aydinlik.com.tr/baraj-yikildi-dogu-perincek-100-bini-asti-politika-mayis-2018-11|title=Baraj yıkıldı: Doğu Perinçek 100 bini aştı! - Aydınlık|first=Aydınlık|last=Gazetesi|publisher=}} 39. ^{{Cite web|url=http://bianet.org/english/politics/197609-fundamentalist-islamist-party-huda-par-to-support-erdogan |title=Fundamentalist Islamist Party Hüda Par to Support Erdoğan |date=28 May 2018 |website=Bianet}} 40. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dirilispostasi.com/2018-cumhurbaskanligi-ve-genel-secimi/anaptan-cumhur-ittifakina-destek-karari-5afd45d08ca780440d15e982|title=ANAP'tan Cumhur İttifakı'na destek kararı|first=Diriliş|last=Postası|date=17 May 2018|website=Diriliş Postası}} 41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mynet.com/haber/secim/as-parti-den-cumhur-ittifaki-na-destek-4130744-1|title=AS Parti'den Cumhur İttifakı'na destek!|first=|last=Mynet|publisher=}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=https://odatv.com/sadettin-tantan-kimi-destekliyor-08061800.html|title=Sadettin Tantan kimi destekliyor|publisher=|accessdate=24 June 2018}} 43. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|url=http://www.mynet.com/haber/secim/9-siyasi-partiden-muharrem-ince-ye-destek-4216348-1|title=9 siyasi partiden Muharrem İnce'ye destek|first=|last=Mynet|publisher=|accessdate=24 June 2018}} 44. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.rudaw.net/turkish/kurdistan/270420185|title=PSK ile ÖSP’den Demirtaş’a destek|publisher=|accessdate=24 June 2018}} 45. ^[https://twitter.com/tipgeliyor/status/1023935219768930304 Resmi Twitter Sayfası], 30.07.2018 46. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.evrensel.net/haber/351642/emep-secimde-selahattin-demirtasi-ve-hdpyi-destekleyecegiz|title=EMEP: Seçimde Selahattin Demirtaş’ı ve HDP'yi destekleyeceğiz - 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Diken|date=5 May 2018|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/iyi-parti-kongresini-hicbir-kanal-yayinlamadi-188512h.htm|title=İyi Parti kongresini hiçbir kanal yayınlamadı|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/iyi-partiden-trtye-ozel-hediye-paketi-188928h.htm|title=İyi Parti'den TRT'ye özel hediye paketi!|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.diken.com.tr/iyi-parti-saldirisinda-tutuklanan-iki-kisi-mhp-standini-kapatiyorduk-bir-anda-oldu/|title='İyi Parti saldırısı'nda tutuklanan iki kişi: MHP standını kapatıyorduk, bir anda oldu - Diken|date=8 May 2018|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 61. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-44026369|title=İstanbul'da İyi Parti standına bıçaklı saldırı|date=7 May 2018|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018|via=www.bbc.com}} 62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.diken.com.tr/iyi-parti-cephesinden-bagcilar-saldirisinin-perde-arkasi-eski-mhpli-sicili-bozuklarin-isi/|title=İyi Parti cephesinden Bağcılar saldırısının perde arkası: MHP'li 'sicili bozuklar'ın işi - Diken|date=8 May 2018|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 63. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2018/gundem/iyi-parti-standina-saldiranlar-hakim-karsisinda-2395021/|title=Son dakika haberi… İyi Parti standına saldıranlar tutuklandı|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 64. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2018/gundem/son-dakika-iyi-parti-kurucusuna-silahli-saldiri-2395840/|title=Son Dakika… İyi Parti kurucusuna silahlı saldırı|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 65. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2018/gundem/ankarada-karsit-goruslu-partililer-arasinda-bayrak-kavgasi-2-yarali-2430459/|title=Ankara’da bayrak kavgası: 7 yaralı|publisher=}} 66. ^https://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/hdp-nin-i̇tirazına-rağmen-ysk-sandık-taşıma-kararı-aldı/4411307.html 67. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/politika/2018/05/08/perincek-imza-verirken-sistem-coktu/|title='Sistem çökmüştü biz gelince çalıştı'|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/971027/Perincek_aday_olabilecek_mi__YSK_nin_sistemi_coktu.html|title=Perinçek aday olabilecek mi? YSK'nin sistemi çöktü|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2018}} 69. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/leaked-erdogan-video-stokes-turkish-vote-rigging-fears/4440931.html|title=Erdogan Stokes Vote-Rigging Fears|first=Dorian|last=Jones|publisher=|accessdate=24 June 2018}} 70. ^1 {{cite web|title=Erdoğan açıkladı... Erken seçim tarihi belli oldu|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/erdogandan-erken-secim-icin-son-dakika-aciklamasi-40809175|website=Hürriyet|accessdate=18 April 2018}} 71. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/iyi-parti-genel-baskani-aksener-100-bin-imzayla-cumhurbaskani-adayi-olacagim,bDEX_kvnB065HK_Y2E_tnw|title=100 bin imzayla Cumhurbaşkanı adayı olacağım|date=18 April 2018|work=NTV|access-date=19 April 2018}} 72. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/201804251033178197-hdp-cumhurbaskani-adayi-demirtas/|title=HDP'nin cumhurbaşkanı adayı Demirtaş|publisher=tr.sputniknews.com |date=26 April 2018 |accessdate=26 April 2018}} 73. ^1 {{cite web|title=CHP’li İlhan Kesici: Adayımız Muharrem İnce|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2018/gundem/ilhan-kesici-adayimiz-muharrem-ince-2385419/|website=Sözcü|accessdate=3 May 2018}} 74. ^1 {{cite web|title=Muharrem İnce likely presidential nominee of Turkey’s main opposition CHP|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/muharrem-ince-likely-presidential-nominee-of-turkeys-main-opposition-chp-131266|website=Hürriyet Daily News|accessdate=3 May 2018}} 75. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/2019daki-cumhurbaskanligi-secimi-icin-ilk-aday-cikti-tuna-beklevic|title=2019'daki cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimi için ilk aday çıktı: Tuna Bekleviç|website=CNN Türk|language=tr|access-date=3 January 2018}} 76. ^{{cite web|url=https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/201709261030320067-tuna-beklevic-cumhurbaskanligi-aday/|title=AKP'li bakanların eski danışmanı Bekleviç, Cumhurbaşkanlığı adaylığını açıkladı|last=Sputnik|website=tr.sputniknews.com|language=tr|access-date=3 January 2018}} 77. ^{{Cite news|url=http://tr.euronews.com/2017/09/29/tuna-beklevic-cumhurbaskanligi-secimlerine-aday-muhalefetle-calismaya-haziriz|title=Tuna Bekleviç cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimlerine aday: Muhalefetle çalışmaya hazırız|date=29 September 2017|work=euronews|access-date=3 January 2018|language=tr}} 78. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/levent-gultekin-adayligini-acikladi-40809677|title=Levent Gültekin adaylığını açıkladı|work=Hürriyet|access-date=19 April 2018|language=tr}} 79. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2018/gundem/gazeteci-levent-gultekin-cumhurbaskanligina-aday-oldugunu-acikladi-2359008/|title=Gazeteci Levent Gültekin, Cumhurbaşkanlığı'na aday olduğunu açıkladı|access-date=19 April 2018|language=tr}}
4 : Election and referendum articles with incomplete results|June 2018 events in Turkey|Presidential elections in Turkey|2018 Turkish general election |
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