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词条 Arman Loni
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. Career and political activism

  3. Death

     Funeral prayers  Reactions  Human rights organizations  Afghan government  Opposition parties in Pakistan 

  4. Medical reports

  5. References

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}}{{Infobox person
| name = Arman Loni
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| caption =
| native_name = {{nastaliq|ارمان لوڼی}}
| native_name_lang = ps
| pronunciation =
| birth_date = {{birth year|1983}}
| birth_place = Sanjawi, Ziarat District, Balochistan, Pakistan[1]
| death_date = {{death date and given age|2019|2|2|35}}
| death_place = Loralai, Balochistan, Pakistan[2]
| resting_place = Killa Saifullah, Balochistan, Pakistan[3]
| education =
| occupation = professor, human rights activist, poet[1]
| employer = Degree College Quetta, Degree College Killa Saifullah[5]
| known_for =
| organization = Pashtun Progressive Writers[6]
| mother =
| father = Mohammad Ismail Loni[7]
| relatives = Wrranga Loni[1] (sister)
| children = 3[5]
| awards =
| movement = Pashtun Tahafuz Movement[2]
| alma mater = University of Balochistan, Quetta[5]
| website =
}}Mohammad Ibrahim Arman Loni ({{lang-ps|محمد ابراهیم ارمان لوڼی}}), commonly known as Arman Loni (or Arman Luni), was a professor of Pashto literature, poet, and one of the leaders of the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM).[1] Arman was allegedly extrajudicially beaten to death by the Balochistan Police in Loralai on February 2, 2019 after he and his sister, Wrranga Loni, participated at a protest sit-in outside Loralai Press Club.[2] The four-day sit-in had been held by PTM activists to protest against the 2019 Loralai attack, in which eight policemen and a civilian had been killed by gunmen and suicide bombers affiliated with the Taliban on January 29.[3][4] According to Arman's family and eyewitnesses, the assistant superintendent of police (ASP) Attaur Rehman Tareen and his team stopped Arman after the sit-in and immediately started beating him, after which ASP Attaur Rehman struck Arman on the neck with a gun, causing Arman to collapse and die on his way to hospital.[1][5][18] The family also blamed the police for barring Arman from reaching hospital on time.[19] However, according to the medical superintendent of Quetta’s Civil Sandeman hospital, Saleem Abro, there were "no torture marks on Arman Loni's dead body." The blood samples and other reports were sent to a forensic laboratory in Lahore to ascertain the cause of death.[20] Some police officers alleged that Arman died of a heart attack.[6] On the other hand, the Pakistani senators Farhatullah Babar and Muhammad Ali Saif claimed in a parliamentary panel that the postmortem noted some critical marks in Arman's brain, indicating that the head injury had caused some blood clots in Arman's brain which led to his death.[7][8] The parliamentarian and PTM leader Mohsin Dawar also supported the claim by Arman's family, and said "I think his neck was broken and this was confirmed in the postmortem."[6] Mohsin said that an application to lodge a first information report (FIR) for the murder was submitted against the prime suspect ASP Attaur Rehman.[9] The police, however, refused to lodge an FIR, which was criticized by Shireen Mazari, the Human Rights Minister of Pakistan.[7][10]

On February 3, the Balochistan Chief Minister Jam Kamal Khan took notice of Arman's death and sought an official report from the commissioner of Zhob Division within 48 hours.[11] On February 4, the Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party and other allied political parties observed a 'shutter down' strike throughout the Pashtun part of Balochistan in protest against the murder.[12] PTM held widespread protests in reaction to Arman's murder, during which more than 20 of its activists, including Gulalai Ismail and Abdullah Nangyal, were arrested by Pakistani authorities.[13][14][15] Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch called on Pakistani officials to transparently investigate the death, with the former also calling on the authorities to immediately release the PTM activists arrested for protesting against the murder.[16][17][18]

Arman was survived by his wife and three children.[5]

Early life and education

The eldest of three siblings, Arman belonged to a modest family from Sanjawi in the Ziarat District of Balochistan, Pakistan. He belonged to the Loni Durrani tribe of the Pashtuns. His father was a driver. Arman received his early education in Sanjawi and completed his master's degree in Pashto at the University of Balochistan, Quetta. While pursuing his education, Arman started working seasonally at coal mines and part-time as a tailor to support himself financially. Despite the economic hardships, Arman started taking part in political activities of the Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party and became a human rights activist during his student life.[1] Later on, Arman also pursued his Master of Philosophy degree. He wrote a thesis on "using metaphors in Pashto folklore literature against colonial enemies", a topic which mirrored his political thoughts.[19]

Career and political activism

After his master's degree, Arman successfully passed the Balochistan Public Service Commission test in 2012 and became a lecturer of Pashto literature at Degree College Quetta.[20][21] He was the founder of "Pashtun Progressive Writers" ({{lang|ps|پښتانه مترقي لیکوال}}, Paṣhtānə Mutaraqī Līkwāl), an organization aimed at nurturing the new generation of Pashtun authors.[19]

Already a political activist of the Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party, Arman joined the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement ("Pashtun Protection Movement") in February 2018, along with his young sister Wrranga. Both of them actively took part in organizing the PTM public gatherings, usually traveling to the gathering site a week earlier to help run awareness campaigns among the locals. At the gatherings, Wrranga would mostly give speeches from the stage but Arman would usually prefer to be behind the scenes.[1] His family was threatened by Pakistani law enforcement agencies and pro-government tribal leaders (masharān) for their activities in the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement. The Loni tribal chief warned Arman to stop his activities and told him that the agencies would not tolerate it.[1] Consequently, Arman's family was forced to move from Sanjawi to Killa Saifullah, the hometown of Nawab Ayaz Jogezai, the Pashtun tribal chief who offered them refuge.[22] Arman then transferred himself from Degree College Quetta to Degree College Killa Saifullah to live with his family.[23]

Death

At the time of the death, the four-day sit-in in Loralai held by PTM activists to protest against the 2019 Loralai attack had ended temporarily, and after negotiating with the government the participants were peacefully dispersing. According to Arman's sister, Wrranga Loni: “Arman was participating in the Loralai sit-in and left after talks with the government. But the police then attacked the protesters. One of the policemen hit Arman on his head, due to which he died on the spot.”[2]

Some police officers, however, alleged that Arman was not beaten and claimed that he died of a heart attack.[24]

Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch called on Pakistani officials to transparently investigate the death.[16][18]

On March 5, 2019, the standing committee on human rights in the Senate of Pakistan condemned the police for refusing to lodge a first information report (FIR) for Arman's death. The committee ordered the police to lodge an FIR and launch an inquiry against the accused police officers.[25][10][8]

Funeral prayers

Late on February 3, the Islamic funeral prayer for Arman was performed in Killa Saifullah. PTM leaders Manzoor Pashteen, Ali Wazir, and Mohsin Dawar were banned by the Pakistani government from entering Balochistan for Arman's funeral prayer, but they still succeeded in travelling to Killa Saifullah and participated in the funeral prayer. However, they were ordered by the government to leave Balochistan within the night. This move was condemned by the Pakistan Peoples Party senator Farhatullah Babar.[26] Pashteen told that on their way back, a security escort opened fire on the car transporting himself, Ali Wazir, and Mohsin Dawar, but they were unharmed.[27] The firing incident was condemned by the Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party senator Usman Kakar and the human rights minister Shireen Mazari.[8][7]

During the burial ceremony in Killa Saifullah, Manzoor Pashteen, Wrranga Loni, and Nawab Ayaz Jogezai made speeches to the public. Pashteen said: “They killed our youth, beheaded our elders, destroyed our homes, dishonored our mothers and sisters. They still chase our youth. It reached a point where they even prevent us from attending our funerals. In such circumstances, when you block all our options and ways for negotiations, we will forcibly find a way. Then we will show you the power of Pashtuns.”[2]

Absentee funeral prayers were performed for Arman in many cities and towns of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and other countries,[24] including Jalalabad,[28] Asadabad,[28] Khost,[29] Peshawar,[30] Dera Ismail Khan,[31] and Karachi[32] on February 3, Kabul,[33] Kandahar,[34] Gardez,[35] Sharana,[35] Puli Alam,[36] and Zhob[37] on February 4, Mazar-i-Sharif,[38] Herat,[39] Ghazni, Qalati Ghilji,[40] Bannu,[41] and Barikot (Swat)[42] on February 5, and Kunduz[43] on February 7. In Bamyan, a protest gathering for Arman was held on February 14 in front of the Buddhas of Bamyan to condemn his murder.[77][44]

Reactions

Human rights organizations

More than 20 activists of the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement, including Gulalai Ismail and Abdullah Nangyal, were arrested by the Pakistani government during protests against Arman's murder. Rabia Mehmood, South Asia Regional Researcher at Amnesty International, stated: “These protestors must be released immediately and unconditionally. They are prisoners of conscience and have done nothing but exercise their peaceful and lawful right to protest against human rights violations and call for end to them. It is shocking that the Pakistani authorities have resorted to such heavy-handed methods even as senior government officials have clearly acknowledged that the PTM has legitimate grievances that must be addressed. To add insult to injury, the crackdown follows the horrific death of Arman Luni, one of PTM’s activists.”[17][16]

Brad Adams, executive director of the Asian division of Human Rights Watch, said: “Pakistani officials should recognize the country’s diversity as a strength and not a weakness. The government should listen to and engage the concerns of the country’s many communities and allow for peaceful expression of dissent. As a start, the authorities should ensure the investigation into the death of Arman Luni is effective and transparent.”[18][45]

Afghan government

Condemning the murder of Arman and the crackdown by Pakistani authorities against the nonviolent PTM activists, Ashraf Ghani, the President of Afghanistan, tweeted: “The Afghan government has serious concerns about the violence perpetrated against peaceful protestors and civil activists in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan.” He further said: “We believe it is the moral responsibility of every government to support civil activities that take a stand against the terrorism and extremism that plagues and threatens our region and collective security.”

Mohsin Dawar, a PTM leader and Pakistani parliamentarian, welcomed Ghani's tweet. Mohsin tweeted: “I would like to thank Ashraf Ghani for his words. I wish, at the very least, our state had realised its crime of martyring Arman Loni, but instead, it launched a crackdown on our grief and now is condemning those who offer sympathy to us? By what standard of humanity is this ok?”[46][47]Shah Mehmood Qureshi, the Pakistani federal minister for foreign affairs, rejected Ghani's tweet and called it a "gross interference" in the internal affairs of Pakistan.[48][49] Similarly, Mujib Rahman Rahimi, the spokesman of Afghanistan's Chief Executive Abdullah Abdullah, also criticised Ashraf Ghani and termed his remarks as interference in another country's affairs. Rahimi said that the issues around PTM are "an internal matter of Pakistan. Afghanistan is not in a position which will interfere in others’ affairs. We have many problems and issues inside our country and it is better to address them first."[50]Amrullah Saleh, the former Afghan interior minister, on the other hand praised Ghani and called on the Afghan civil society to show "solid solidarity with the peaceful civil activists in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan."[47] Responding to the allegation by Shah Mehmood Qureshi, Saleh said: “We [Afghanistan] have been on the receiving end of terror and Taliban for years sent and exported from your country [Pakistan]. We have just sent back a tweet. There is a gross imbalance in our bilateral trade and tweet.”[50]

Opposition parties in Pakistan

The Pakistan Peoples Party Chairman Bilawal Bhutto Zardari called for an "independent and transparent inquiry" into the "brutal killing" of Arman.[11]

Referring to the 'shutter down' strike in Balochistan on February 4, the Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party senator Usman Kakar said in his speech to mourners: “This entire region is seething with anger. This is why everywhere from Quetta [in the south] to Sherani in the north is voluntarily observing a complete shutdown.”[24]

Medical reports

The initial autopsy conducted by Saleem Abro, the medical superintendent of Quetta's Civil Sandeman hospital, concluded that there were "no torture marks on his body". Saleem Abro stated that Arman Loni's medical reports including the X-rays, were sent to a forensic laboratory in Lahore to ascertain the cause of death.[51] Abro claimed that the postmortem was conducted in the presence of "10 health experts, including the ones which were recommended by the family members of the deceased."[52]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/352014/the-murder-of-arman-loni/|title= The murder of Arman Loni|website=Daily Times|date=February 7, 2019|access-date=February 15, 2019}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url= https://www.voanews.com/a/alleged-killing-by-police-angers-pashtuns-in-pakistan/4776351.html |title= Alleged Killing by Police Angers Pashtuns in Pakistan|publisher=Voice of America|author=Anwar, Madeeha|date=February 7, 2019|access-date=February 15, 2019}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.tolonews.com/world/pakistan-police-blamed-death-senior-ptm-member|title=Pakistan Police Blamed For Death of Senior PTM Member|website=TOLO news|date=February 4, 2019|access-date=February 15, 2019}}
4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1899305/1-least-five-injured-loralai-terrorist-attack/|title=Nine martyred in gun-and-suicide attack on DIG office in Loralai|work=tribune.com.pk|access-date=2019-02-24}}
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8. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.44network.com/hotnews/5940/|title=ارمان لونی قتل کیس: قائمہ کمیٹی برائے انسانی حقوق نے پولیس کے خلاف مقدمہ درج کرنے کی سفارش کر دی|website=44 Network|language=ur|date=March 5, 2019|access-date=March 6, 2019}}
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44. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.tolonews.com/fa/afghanistan/گردهمایی-باشنده‌گان-بامیان-درپشتیبانی-از-جنبش-پشتون‌ها-درپاکستان|title=گردهمایی باشنده‌گان بامیان درپشتیبانی از جنبش پشتون‌ها درپاکستان|website=TOLO News|language=prs|date=February 14, 2019|access-date=February 19, 2019}}
45. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.tolonews.com/world/hrw-calls-%E2%80%98transparent-probe%E2%80%99-ptm-member%E2%80%99s-death|title=HRW Calls For ‘Transparent Probe’ Into PTM Member's Death|website=TOLO news|date=February 16, 2019|access-date=February 19, 2019}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2019/02/07/mna-dawar-thanks-ghani-for-tweets-condemning-violence-against-ptm/|title=MNA Dawar thanks Ghani for tweets condemning violence against PTM|website=Pakistan Today|date=February 7, 2019|access-date=February 15, 2019}}
47. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1905654/1-ptm-leader-thanks-afghan-president-pakistan-condemns-gross-interference/|title=PTM leader thanks Afghan president for what Pakistan condemns as ‘gross interference’|website=The Express Tribune|date=February 7, 2019|access-date=February 15, 2019}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1462390|title='Gross interference': FM Qureshi rejects Afghan president's statement on protests in KP, Balochistan|website=Dawn|date=February 7, 2019|access-date=February 15, 2019}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.tolonews.com/afghanistan/pakistan-fm-weighs-over-ghani’s-remarks-ptm-protests|title=Pakistan FM Weighs in Over Ghani's Remarks on PTM Protests|website=TOLO news|date=February 7, 2019|access-date=February 15, 2019}}
50. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.tolonews.com/index.php/afghanistan/issues-around-ptm-internal-matter-pakistan-rahimi|title=Issues Around PTM An Internal Matter Of Pakistan: Rahimi|accessdate=9 February 2019|publisher=TOLO News}}
51. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/2019/02/there-were-no-torture-marks-on-armaan-lonis-body-says-medical-examiner/|title=There were no torture marks on Armaan Loni's body, says medical examiner|date=February 7, 2019|work=Samaa Tv}}
52. ^{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1905924/1-lonis-postmortem-report-rules-foul-play/|title=Loni's postmortem report rules out foul play|date=February 8, 2019|work=The Express Tribune|author=Mohammad Zafar}}
{{DEFAULTSORT: Loni, Arman}}

5 : 1983 births|2019 deaths|Pashtun people|Pashtun Tahafuz Movement politicians|University of Balochistan alumni
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