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词条 Washington State Route 504
释义

  1. Route description

  2. History

     Early history and state acquisition  1980 eruption and rebuilding  Recent history 

  3. Major intersections

  4. Spur route

  5. References

  6. External links

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|state=WA
|type=SR
|route=504
|alternate_name=Spirit Lake Memorial Highway
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|map_notes=Map of the Toutle River Valley in southwestern Washington with SR 504 highlighted in red
|length_mi=51.76
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|established=1964
|direction_a=West
|terminus_a={{jct|state=WA|I|5|SR|411}} in Castle Rock
|junction={{jct|state=WA|SR|505}} near Toutle
|direction_b=Eastern
|terminus_b=Johnston Ridge Observatory in Mount St. Helens NVM
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State Route 504 (SR 504, designated as the Spirit Lake Memorial Highway) is a state highway in southwestern Washington state in the United States. It travels {{convert|52|mi|km|0}} along the North Fork Toutle River to the Mount St. Helens area, serving as the main access to the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument. The highway begins at an interchange with Interstate 5 (I-5) and SR 411 in Castle Rock and terminates at the Johnston Ridge Observatory near Spirit Lake.

The highway was built in 1903 and paved in the early 1930s before becoming Secondary State Highway 1R (SSH 1R) in 1937. SSH 1R initially ended at the boundary of Columbia National Forest (now Gifford Pinchot National Forest), but was extended in 1961 to the timberline of the mountain. It was renumbered to SR 504 in 1964 and remained popular with loggers and tourists, requiring bridges and sections to be rebuilt.

A major section of SR 504 was destroyed in the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens and its subsequent lahar on the North Fork Toutle River. The state government rebuilt most of the highway from 1988 to 1997, relocating it further north and connecting to new interpretive centers at Coldwater Ridge and Johnston Ridge. A part of the old alignment near the Toutle River Sediment Dam is signed as a spur route. Continued volcanic activity at Mount St. Helens, particularly in the mid-2000s, has resulted in closures and evacuations along the highway at various times.

Route description

SR 504 begins as an extension of Huntington Avenue at an interchange with I-5 northeast of Castle Rock. The street continues southwest into downtown Castle Rock as SR 411 and I-5 Business. SR 504 travels northeasterly through a small commercial area before ascending into the hills above Salmon Creek, passing several farms and wineries along the way.[2] The highway follows a minor stream heading southeast into the wetlands around Silver Lake, where the Mount St. Helens visitor center and Seaquest State Park lie.[3][4] SR 504 continues along the north side of the lake and passes through the town of Toutle at the confluence of the Toutle River's two forks.[5]

The highway crosses over the river on the Coal Bank Bridge and continues along the north side of the North Fork Toutle River, following the narrow valley to the east of Beigle Mountain. Near the Riverdale Raceway, SR 504 intersects the east end of SR 505, which provides connections to I-5 and Toledo.[6] The highway continues northeast into Kid Valley, home to camping sites and a few homes,[7] and follows the south side of the narrower valley as the river meanders north and south around various mountains.[8] At a third crossing of the river, SR 504 intersects a short spur route on Sediment Dam Road that leads to a viewpoint overlooking the Toutle River Sediment Dam. The highway continues along the northeast side of the earthen dam and its reservoir, climbing uphill and running through cuts in the cliffs.[5][9]

Further southeast along the river, SR 504 passes the privately owned Eco Park resort, a youth camp, and a heliport near the Hoffstadt Bluffs Viewpoint.[10][11] The highway then crosses over Hoffstadt Creek on a {{convert|2,340|ft|m|adj=mid}} steel truss bridge that sits {{convert|370|ft|m}} above the valley floor; it is the longest of 13 bridges on SR 504.[12][13] The bridge also marks the western extent of the "blast zone," where trees were felled during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, located {{convert|12|mi|km}} away.[14][15] The area has large forests of young fir, pine, and cottonwood trees planted by Weyerhaeuser in the 1980s as part of a regeneration and restoration project. The company also operates the Charles W. Bingham Forest Learning Center, a museum that overlooks the North Fork Toutle River and also includes a rest area.[16][17]

SR 504 continues further into the mountains, crossing Bear Creek and traveling around Elk Rock to a viewpoint on its southeast side. From the Elk Rock area, the highway forms the northern boundary of the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument and encounters more mountainous terrain that results in several hairpin turns between other scenic viewpoints.[18] After crossing several branches of Maratta Creek, SR 504 reaches the Coldwater Science and Learning Center, a visitor center overlooking the mountain and open from autumn to spring.[4] The highway continues through a partial cloverleaf interchange and turns west before completing a hairpin turn to travel south around the end of Coldwater Lake.[5] Beyond milepost 45, SR 504 is closed during the winter months due to hazardous conditions for drivers and potential avalanches.[19]

The highway continues into the National Volcanic Monument and turns east before reaching the border between Cowlitz and Skamania counties. SR 504 follows South Coldwater Creek upstream through a narrow valley to its headwaters near Spirit Lake, passing several trailheads, and turns west to continue its ascent. The treeless landscape is home to winter herds of Rocky Mountain elk and deer.[20] The highway turns east once again near the Loowit Viewpoint and reaches the Johnston Ridge Observatory,[5] the volcano's main visitor center open from spring to autumn and situated at an elevation of {{convert|4,314|ft|m}}.[4] SR 504 terminates downhill from the observatory at its parking lot, located {{convert|5.5|mi|km}} north of the Mount St. Helens crater.[21][22]

SR 504 is maintained by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), which conducts an annual survey on state highways to measure traffic volume in terms of average annual daily traffic. Average traffic volumes on the highway in 2016 ranged from a minimum of 500 vehicles near Coldwater Lake to a maximum of 14,000 vehicles at the I-5 interchange in Castle Rock.[23] SR 504 is the main route for a majority of the 3 million annual visitors to the Mount St. Helens area.[24][25] It is designated by the state government as the Spirit Lake Memorial Highway, a state scenic byway,[8] and a National Forest Scenic Byway by the United States Forest Service.[26]

History

Early history and state acquisition

The Spirit Lake Highway was completed in 1903 by the Cowlitz County government, connecting Castle Rock to the shore of Spirit Lake by following the North Fork Toutle River.[27] The {{convert|47|mi|km|adj=on}} highway was initially unpaved and characterized as rough and narrow, and several sections were improved or bypassed in the 1910s.[28] It was added to the state highway system in 1937 as Secondary State Highway 1R (SSH 1R), terminating at the western boundary of the Columbia National Forest near Spirit Lake.[29] The state government paved sections of the highway in the late 1930s and early 1940s,[26][30] with only a short section at the east end remaining unpaved by 1944.[31] The remaining section of the highway within Columbia National Forest was improved and paved by the federal Bureau of Public Roads in the late 1930s for $1.2 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|1200000|1936}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}} dollars).{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}[32]

Expanded logging and a planned ski resort on Mount St. Helens hastened the construction of a modern highway linking Spirit Lake to the timberline on the mountain's northern slopes.[33] Despite support from the state government, the Forest Service, and Bureau of Public Roads, the highway project was put on hold for several years due to funding shortfalls.[34] The state legislature approved funds for an extension of SSH 1R into the national forest, by then renamed to Gifford Pinchot National Forest, and it began construction in 1959.[35] The SSH 1R designation was extended on the new timberline highway in 1961 and opened to traffic in September 1962.[36][37]

During the 1964 state highway renumbering, SSH 1R was designated SR 504 under the modern "sign route" (now state route) system.[38] The state highway department completed construction of a new bridge over the Toutle River at Kid Valley in November 1965, replacing a narrower truss bridge.[39] By the 1970s, several new campgrounds, trailheads, and recreation areas had been established along the highway by the Forest Service and logging companies like Weyerhauser to serve tourists visiting the Mount St. Helens area.[40][41] A major flood in December 1977 left eight sections of the highway washed out and only passable by one lane of traffic until repairs were completed the following year.[42]

1980 eruption and rebuilding

In March 1980, Mount St. Helens was struck by an earthquake swarm that indicated potential eruptive activity for the volcano, which had been dormant for over a century.[43] The Forest Service established a roadblock on SR 504 approximately {{convert|4|mi|km}} west of Spirit Lake on March 28 because of potential avalanche risks.[44] In the following days, the roadblock was moved to {{convert|15|mi|km}} west of the lake and later {{convert|30|mi|km}} west as the risk of an imminent eruption grew.[45][46] Many local residents and sightseers violated the roadblock, which was planned to be moved further west by an order from Governor Dixy Lee Ray to take effect on May 19.[47] An exception was made on May 17, allowing for the retrieval of belongings from various buildings during a four-hour period that was monitored by local authorities in case of a mass evacuation.[48][49]

On May 18, 1980, the north face of Mount St. Helens slid away and triggered a massive eruption that created a lahar that devastated the North Fork Toutle River.[43] The lahar destroyed about {{convert|25|mi|km}} of SR 504, including seven of the highway's eight major bridges, leaving only the Kid Valley bridge standing because of its sufficient clearance.[50][51][52] The remaining section between Toutle and Kid Valley was buried in up to {{convert|6|ft|m|0}} of sediment, but was able to re-open by September with temporary Bailey bridges and other structures.[53][54] Several vehicles on the highway were swept away by the lahar, including those carrying some of the eruption's 57 victims.[43][50][55]

The highway was closed beyond the town of Toutle, controlled by a roadblock and turnaround loop installed by Weyerhaeuser.[56][57] Access to Kid Valley was restored by early September using a temporary Bailey bridge over the Toutle River.[58] The highway was extended to the debris and sediment dam and Weyerhaeuser's Camp Baker site in 1987 at a cost of $11 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|11000000|1987}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}} dollars).{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}[59][60] In 1982, the federal government designated the area around the volcano as the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument and the state government designated SR 504 as the Spirit Lake Memorial Highway to honor the victims of the eruption.[61][62] A visitor center was also opened at Silver Lake in 1987 to serve the growing number of tourists to the area, but the highway would remain closed beyond the sediment dam.[63][64]

Preliminary plans for a new highway to the north side of Mount St. Helens were approved by the state government in 1986. The new highway would include {{convert|23|mi|km}} of new road built at a higher elevation between Kid Valley and the newly formed Coldwater Lake, crossing over various creeks with ten major bridges. The project's $118 million cost (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|118000000|1986}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}} dollars){{inflation-fn|US-GDP}} was paid from emergency funds from the Federal Highway Administration.[65][66] Construction of the new highway and its scenic viewpoints began in 1988 and the first section to the Coldwater Ridge visitor center was completed on October 16, 1992.[67][68] The expected influx of tourists and their potential impact on the recovering habitat around the volcano alarmed scientists looking to preserve areas for sensitive research.[69] After finding that elk herds were leaving areas with improved highway access, the Forest Service established restricted zones within the national monument that prohibited off-trail hiking, pets, fires, and camping.[70]

Two additional visitor centers, Weyerhaeuser's Forest Learning Center and the former Hoffstadt Bluffs Visitor Center, opened in 1995 at milepost 33 and 1996 at milepost 27, respectively.[71][72] In May 1997, SR 504 was extended {{convert|7.5|mi|km}} to its current terminus at the newly opened Johnston Ridge Observatory, named for volcanologist David A. Johnston.[73][74] Construction of the extension included underground blasting to compact soil and provide one of the highway's bridges with a stable foundation.[75] It replaced an original plan to build a forest road that would be used by shuttle buses between Coldwater Ridge and the Johnston Ridge facility.[76]

Recent history

A long-proposed extension of SR 504 to the eastern side of the Mount St. Helens area gained traction in the early 2000s, sparking outcry from scientists and environmentalists.[77][78] The {{convert|7 to 17|mi|km|adj=mid}} route, connecting Coldwater Lake to the existing Forest Highway 99 near Windy Ridge and beyond to Forest Highway 25, was supported by officials from Cowlitz and Lewis counties as a tourist draw and a potential evacuation route.[79][80] The state department of transportation studied several options for the proposed highway, which enjoyed mixed public support, and estimated a cost of $18.5 million to construct one option and $44 million for another (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|18500000|2001}}}} and ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|44000000|2001}}}}, respectively, in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}} dollars).{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}[81][82] The proposed highway was rejected by state legislators due to its cost, despite attempts at salvaging the cheaper proposal by converting it into a toll road.[83][84][85]

From 2004 until 2006, increased volcanic activity at Mount St. Helens caused a surge in tourist traffic on SR 504, along with periodic shutdowns of the Johnston Ridge section.[86][87] An evacuation of the area was ordered in early October 2004 due to seismic activity, indicating a possible buildup of magma, forcing 2,500 visitors to leave the Coldwater and Johnston centers for several days.[88] The evacuation was later cancelled and other restrictions were relaxed after steam eruptions diffused pressure inside the volcano.[89] A minor mudslide in March 2007 blocked a section of SR 504 near Kid Valley and was removed after a week-long cleanup by WSDOT crews.[90][91]

Major intersections

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Spur route

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|type=WA
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|length_mi=0.87
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SR 504 has a short spur route east of Kid Valley that runs along Sediment Dam Road. It follows a {{convert|0.87|mi|km|adj=mid}} section of the former highway and terminates at a WSDOT maintenance facility near the Toutle River Sediment Dam.[1][92][93] An average of 50 vehicles use the road on a daily basis, according to annual daily traffic data measured by WSDOT in 2016.[23]

{{clear}}

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{WSDOT State Highway Log |year=2017 |pages=1436–1445 |link=yes |accessdate=August 26, 2018}}
2. ^{{cite news |date=June 20, 2012 |title=Multi-venue exhibit toasts fine wine, art |url=https://tdn.com/lifestyles/multi-venue-exhibit-toasts-fine-wine-art/article_58305116-bbc6-11e1-a7b5-0019bb2963f4.html |work=The Daily News |location=Longview, Washington |accessdate=August 29, 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web |date=April 2, 2018 |title=Corridor Sketch Summary – SR 504: I-5 Jct to Johnston Ridge |url=https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2017/08/25/CSS329-SR504-i5Jct-JohnstonRidge.pdf |publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation |accessdate=August 29, 2018}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Scott |date=May 13, 2016 |title=Mount St. Helens visitors centers are a blast |url=https://www.columbian.com/news/2016/may/13/mount-st-helens-visitors-centers-open/ |work=The Columbian |accessdate=August 29, 2018}}
5. ^1 2 3 {{google maps |title=State Route 504 |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/46.2845652,-122.9026927/46.2765866,-122.216705/@46.3270787,-122.6897422,11z/am=t/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!4m1!3e0 |accessdate=August 26, 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web |date=April 2, 2018 |title=Corridor Sketch Summary – SR 505: SR 603 Jct (Winlock) to SR 504 Jct |url=https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2017/09/18/CSS330-SR505-SR603JctWinlock-SR504Jct.pdf |publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation |accessdate=August 29, 2018}}
7. ^{{cite news |last=Goldstein |first=Steve |date=February 26, 2006 |title=Back to the blast |page=N1 |work=Philadelphia Inquirer |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23274385/mount_st_helens_guide_2006/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=August 29, 2018}} {{free access}}
8. ^1 {{cite web |date=July 2018 |title=Washington State's Scenic Byways & Road Trips |pages=78–79 |url=https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2018/07/17/scenic-byways-travel-planner.pdf |publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation |accessdate=August 30, 2018}}
9. ^{{cite news |last=Robinson |first=Erik |date=May 15, 2005 |title=Along Highway 504 |page=35 |work=The Columbian |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23280456.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829110213/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23280456.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=August 29, 2018 |via=HighBeam |subscription=yes |accessdate=August 28, 2018}}
10. ^{{cite news |last=Anderson |first=Rick |date=January 7, 2018 |title=Nearly four decades after Mt. St. Helens erupted, a resort in the blast zone faces a different kind of danger |url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-washington-volcano-danger-2018-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=August 28, 2018}}
11. ^{{cite news |last=Norimine |first=Hayat |date=January 10, 2017 |title=County sells Hoffstadt Bluffs Visitor Center for summer kids camp |url=https://tdn.com/news/local/county-sells-hoffstadt-bluffs-visitor-center-for-summer-kids-camp/article_57e2f4da-1e79-5ab8-9f45-f012dba44bb9.html |work=The Daily News |location=Longview, Washington |accessdate=August 28, 2018}}
12. ^{{cite web |author=Bridge and Structures Office |date=November 2017 |title=Bridge List (M 23-09.08)|page=299 |url=https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/manuals/fulltext/M23-09/BridgeList.pdf |publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation |accessdate=August 30, 2018}}
13. ^{{cite news |last=Patty |first=Stanton H. |date=May 13, 1990 |title=A new St. Helens road will honor a brave volcanologist |page=G15 |work=Dallas Morning News}}
14. ^{{cite news |last=McDougall |first=Connie |date=November 11, 2004 |title=What a view: Fall colors and a frisky mountain |page=G26 |work=The Seattle Times |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20041111&slug=nwwsthelens11 |accessdate=August 30, 2018}}
15. ^{{cite news |last=Hamm |first=Catharine |date=May 30, 2004 |title=Antiquer treasures a surprising discovery |page=L8 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2004/may/30/travel/tr-centralia30 |accessdate=August 28, 2018}}
16. ^{{cite news |last=Parker |first=Pat |date=July 7, 2018 |title=Weyerhaeuser a hero at St. Helens |page=B7 |work=Enterprise-Journal |location=McComb, Mississippi |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23274773/weyerhaeuser_a_hero_at_st_helens/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=August 30, 2018}} {{free access}}
17. ^{{cite news |last=Gottberg Anderson |first=John |date=September 10, 2017 |title=Three sides of Mount St. Helens |url=https://www.bendbulletin.com/home/5575215-151/three-sides-of-mount-st-helens |work=Bend Bulletin |accessdate=August 29, 2018}}
18. ^{{cite map |date=June 2017 |title=Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument |url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprd3843447.pdf |publisher=United States Forest Service |accessdate=August 30, 2018}}
19. ^{{cite news |date=December 24, 2002 |title=Weather closes portion of SR 504 |url=https://tdn.com/news/weather-closes-portion-of-sr/article_f925d5e4-50fc-52dd-9633-1e7720c9f8b9.html |work=The Daily News |location=Longview, Washington |accessdate=August 30, 2018}}
20. ^{{cite news |last=Richard |first=Terry |date=January 21, 1998 |title=Washington 504: A road for all seasons |page=D9 |work=The Oregonian}}
21. ^{{cite news |last=Mapes |first=Lynda |date=May 13, 2010 |title=Recreation at Mount St. Helens, 30 years after the blast |page=D4 |url=http://old.seattletimes.com/html/outdoors/2011801593_nwwsthelens13.html |work=The Seattle Times |accessdate=August 30, 2018}}
22. ^{{cite news |last=Gottberg Anderson |first=John |date=August 5, 2007 |title=Hot spot of the Cascades |url=https://www.bendbulletin.com/slideshows/1523692-151/hot-spot-of-the-cascades |work=Bend Bulletin |accessdate=August 30, 2018}}
23. ^1 {{cite report |year=2017 |title=2016 Annual Traffic Report |pages=191–192 |url=http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/mapsdata/travel/pdf/Annual_Traffic_Report_2016.pdf |publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation |accessdate=August 27, 2018}}
24. ^{{cite news |last=Richard |first=Terry |date=January 22, 2014 |title=Mount St. Helens welcomes winter weekend visitors at Coldwater as science center evolves |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/travel/index.ssf/2014/01/mount_st_helens_welcomes_winte.html |work=The Oregonian |accessdate=August 30, 2018}}
25. ^{{cite news |last=Richard |first=Terry |date=October 29, 2009 |title=Mount Margaret will get you going |url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/terryrichard/2008/09/mt_margaret_get_going.html |work=The Oregonian |accessdate=August 30, 2018}}
26. ^1 {{cite web |title=Spirit Lake Memorial Highway |url=http://byways.org/explore/byways/2237 |work=National Scenic Byways Online |publisher=Federal Highway Administration |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807224305/http://byways.org/explore/byways/2237 |archivedate=August 7, 2013 |accessdate=August 30, 2018}}
27. ^{{cite book |last=Colasurdo |first=Christine |year=1997 |title=Return to Spirit Lake: Journey Through a Lost Landscape |page=44 |publisher=Sasquatch Books |location=Seattle |isbn=978-1570610813 |oclc=37004379 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pcdohfWwgo0C |via=Google Books |accessdate=September 3, 2018}}
28. ^{{cite news |date=August 31, 1919 |title=Charles Menzies Says Spirit Lake Trip Delightful |page=10 |work=The Oregon Daily Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23303828/spirit_lake_highway_review_1919/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=September 4, 2018}} {{free access}}
29. ^{{cite book |date=March 18, 1937 |title=Session Laws of the State of Washington, 1937 |chapter=Chapter 207: Classification of Public Highways |page=997 |chapterurl=http://leg.wa.gov/CodeReviser/documents/sessionlaw/1937c207.pdf |publisher=Washington State Legislature |accessdate=September 4, 2018}}
30. ^{{cite news |date=November 22, 1931 |title=Spirit Lake Road Link Is Completed |page=30 |work=The Seattle Times}}
31. ^{{cite map |author=Rand McNally |year=1944 |title=Highways of the State of Washington |location=Olympia |publisher=Washington State Department of Highways |url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~290279~90061931 |via=David Rumsey Historical Map Collection |accessdate=September 4, 2018}}
32. ^{{cite news |date=January 31, 1936 |title=Grading Plans Made for Road To Spirit Lake |page=3 |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press}}
33. ^{{cite news |date=June 3, 1958 |title=Spirit Lake Work Favored |page=7 |work=The Daily Chronicle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23455486/spirit_lake_and_timberline_highway/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=September 4, 2018}} {{free access}}
34. ^{{cite news |date=November 28, 1957 |title=Lack of Road Funds Cited |page=55 |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press}}
35. ^{{cite news |date=May 5, 1959 |title=Road Link Wins Okeh |page=1 |work=The Daily Chronicle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23455478/spirit_lake_highway_extension/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=September 4, 2018}} {{free access}}
36. ^{{cite book |date=April 3, 1961 |title=Session Laws of the State of Washington, 1961 extraordinary session |chapter=Chapter 21: Highways |page=2620 |chapterurl=http://leg.wa.gov/CodeReviser/documents/sessionlaw/1961ex1c21.pdf |publisher=Washington State Legislature |accessdate=September 4, 2018}}
37. ^{{cite news |date=August 22, 1962 |title=New Timberline Road Rite Set on Sept. 22 |page=12 |work=The Daily Chronicle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23455332/new_timberline_road_rite_set_on_sept_22/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=September 4, 2018}} {{free access}}
38. ^{{cite web |author=C. G. Prahl |date=December 1, 1965 |title=Identification of State Highways |url=https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/6836215D-E301-43F3-895A-472BD2FDE86A/0/Identification.pdf |publisher=Washington State Highway Commission |accessdate=September 4, 2018}}
39. ^{{cite web |date=November 1965 |title=Official Opening, Kid Valley Bridge (Toutle River) |publisher=Washington State Department of Highways |url=https://cdm16977.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16977coll3/id/562 |via=WSDOT Library Digital Collections |accessdate=September 4, 2018}}
40. ^{{cite news |date=April 22, 1971 |title=Mount St. Helens recreation plans told |page=A1 |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press}}
41. ^{{cite news |date=June 3, 1951 |title=Mt. St. Helens–Spirit Lake |page=10 |work=The Seattle Times}}
42. ^{{cite news |date=January 15, 1978 |title=Highway work put off |page=B15 |work=The Seattle Times}}
43. ^1 2 {{cite web |last=Lange |first=Greg |date=May 15, 2003 |title=Mount St. Helens erupts on May 18, 1980 |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/5457 |work=HistoryLink |accessdate=September 6, 2018}}
44. ^{{cite news |last=Dardarian |first=Suki |date=March 27, 1980 |title=More quakes rock St. Helens; evacuation readied |page=B1 |work=The Seattle Times}}
45. ^{{cite news |last=Zahler |first=Richard |date=March 28, 1980 |title=Red Cross getting ready for evacuees |page=D3 |work=The Seattle Times}}
46. ^{{cite news |date=March 29, 1980 |title=Mountain folk a bit uneasy now |page=A14 |work=The Seattle Times}}
47. ^{{cite news |date=May 14, 1981 |title=Safety questions head for courts |page=B2 |work=The Seattle Times}}
48. ^{{cite news |date=May 17, 1980 |title=St. Helens' cabin owners to defy state roadblock |page=A1 |work=The Seattle Times}}
49. ^{{cite news |date=May 25, 1980 |title=Volcano: Day by day, the deadly pressure grew |page=B2 |work=The Seattle Times}}
50. ^1 {{cite news |date=May 19, 1980 |title=Hot mud, ash carry havoc from St. Helens |page=A2 |work=The Seattle Times}}
51. ^{{cite news |date=May 20, 1980 |title=Extent of devastation defies tally |page=A3 |work=The Seattle Times}}
52. ^{{cite book |date=October 1985 |title=Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument Final Environmental Impact Statement Comprehensive Management Plan |page=111 |publisher=United States Forest Service |oclc=16695934 |url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd500683.pdf |accessdate=September 5, 2018}}
53. ^{{cite book |last1=Lombard |first1=R. E. |last2=Miles |first2=M. B. |last3=Nelson |first3=L. M. |last4=Kresh |first4=D. L. |last5=Carpenter |first5=P. J. |year=1981 |title=The impact of mudflows of May 18 on the Lower Toutle and Cowlitz rivers |work=The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington |pages=704–707 |publisher=United States Geological Survey |lccn=81-600142 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9sZUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA693 |via=Google Books |accessdate=September 5, 2018}}
54. ^{{cite news |date=August 25, 1980 |title=Firefighters take advantage of the lull around volcano |page=11 |work=Albany Democrat-Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23487126/lull_around_volcano/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=September 5, 2018}} {{free access}}
55. ^{{cite news |date=May 25, 1980 |title=Eruption send ash to Portland |page=A1 |work=The Seattle Times}}
56. ^{{cite news |date=July 4, 1980 |title=Foreigners flock to volcano to see devastated landscape |page=A3 |work=Times-News |agency=United Press International |location=Twin Falls, Idaho |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23631477/foreigners_flock_to_volcano_to_see/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=September 10, 2018}} {{free access}}
57. ^{{cite news |date=June 5, 1980 |title=Blockade where some may have died was to be moved next day |page=B10 |work=The Seattle Times}}
58. ^{{cite news |date=August 27, 1980 |title=Volcano slopes spruced up |page=A10 |work=The Sentinel |location=Carlisle, Pennsylvania |agency=United Press International |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23634666/volcano_slopes_spruced_up/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=September 11, 2018}} {{free access}}
59. ^{{cite news |date=May 6, 1981 |title=Washington prepares to cope with volcano tourist traffic |page=21 |work=Corvallis Gazette-Times |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23633181/washington_prepares_to_cope_with/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=September 11, 2018}} {{free access}}
60. ^{{cite news |last=Gough |first=William |date=July 20, 1987 |title=Explosive changes rock quiet Toutle |page=C1 |work=The Seattle Times}}
61. ^{{cite news |last=Richmond |first=Michael |date=August 8, 1985 |title=Mount St. Helens—five years later |page=C1 |work=San Diego Union-Tribune}}
62. ^{{cite book |date=March 27, 1982 |title=Session Laws of the State of Washington, 1982 |chapter=Chapter 82: Spirit Lake Memorial Highway |pages=412–413 |chapterurl=http://leg.wa.gov/CodeReviser/documents/sessionlaw/1982c82.pdf |publisher=Washington State Legislature |accessdate=September 11, 2018}}
63. ^{{cite news |last=Hapala |first=Suzanne |date=March 29, 1987 |title=Re-setting sights on St. Helens |page=J1 |work=The Seattle Times}}
64. ^{{cite news |last=Brown |first=J. D. |date=May 24, 1992 |title=Spirit Lake Memorial Highway |page=12 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/24/travel/the-peak-that-sometimes-roars.html |work=The New York Times |accessdate=September 11, 2018}}
65. ^{{cite news |last=Gough |first=William |date=October 1, 1986 |title=Going up: New highway will provide spectacular St. Helens view |page=A1 |work=The Seattle Times}}
66. ^{{cite map |date=May 1989 |title=State Route 504 Spirit Lake Memorial Highway Reconstruction Projects |publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation |url=https://www.digitalarchives.wa.gov/Record/View/79CF4BB3F3A89EE99424A503BB45F2B1 |via=Washington State Archives |accessdate=September 11, 2018}}
67. ^{{cite news |date=September 11, 1988 |title=Mount St. Helens road job under way |page=B2 |work=The Seattle Times}}
68. ^{{cite news |last=Carson |first=Rob |date=October 5, 1992 |title=Congestion at the crater |page=A1 |work=The News Tribune}}
69. ^{{cite news |date=October 11, 1992 |title=Scientists worried by new road at St. Helens |page=B1 |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press}}
70. ^{{cite news |last=Durbin |first=Kathie |date=May 14, 2000 |title=Recovery: Recreation's demands |work=The Columbian}}
71. ^{{cite news |last=Jackson |first=Kristin |date=May 14, 1995 |title=A new look at the volcano |page=K4 |work=The Seattle Times}}
72. ^{{cite news |last=Callahan |first=Loretta |date=May 17, 1996 |title=Visitors center to debut |page=A1 |work=The Columbian}}
73. ^{{cite news |date=May 17, 1997 |title=New window on a sleeping giant: 17 years ago, St. Helens awoke |page=A1 |work=The News Tribune}}
74. ^{{cite news |last=Cowan |first=Ron |date=June 22, 1997 |title=Mount St. Helens, 17 years later: Rising from the ash |page=D3 |work=Journal and Courier |location=Lafayette, Indiana |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23487149/mount_st_helens_rising_from_the_ash/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=September 5, 2018}} {{free access}}
75. ^{{cite news |last=Goldsmith |first=Steven |date=December 12, 1992 |title=Explosions to compact loose earth in St. Helens area |page=B2 |work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}
76. ^{{cite news |date=January 14, 1989 |title=New road will give view of St. Helens' crater |page=A6 |work=The Seattle Times}}
77. ^{{cite news |last=Pryne |first=Eric |date=July 27, 1993 |title=Crossing the volcano |page=A1 |work=The Seattle Times}}
78. ^{{cite news |last=Durbin |first=Kathie |date=December 29, 2000 |title=Mount St. Helens: Proposed road meets opposition |page=A1 |work=The Columbian |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23460859.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114419/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23460859.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=September 11, 2018 |via=HighBeam |subscription=yes |accessdate=September 11, 2018}}
79. ^{{cite news |last=Lester |first=David |date=August 8, 2000 |title=Road would hook up to Highway 12 at Randle |page=A1 |work=Yakima Herald-Republic |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-18457944.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119095756/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-18457944.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=November 19, 2018 |via=HighBeam |subscription=yes |accessdate=September 11, 2018}}
80. ^{{cite news |last=Middlewood |first=Erin |date=January 19, 2001 |title=Mt. St. Helens highway plans narrowed |page=D2 |work=The Oregonian}}
81. ^{{cite news |last=Welch |first=Craig |date=May 18, 2001 |title=Towns isolated by volcano push new road for tourism |page=B1 |work=The Seattle Times}}
82. ^{{cite news |last=Apalategui |first=Eric |date=April 4, 2001 |title=Public likes idea to extend SR 504 |work=The Daily News |location=Longview, Washington |url=https://tdn.com/public-likes-idea-to-extend-sr/article_80db94a6-83bc-543b-9ecd-272881b62c5f.html |accessdate=September 11, 2018}}
83. ^{{cite news |last=Apalategui |first=Eric |date=April 8, 2002 |title=SR 504 fate may be in voters' hands |work=The Daily News |location=Longview, Washington |url=https://tdn.com/sr-fate-may-be-in-voters-hands/article_7393a5d4-50f5-5a05-8395-81b447c68bd9.html |accessdate=September 11, 2018}}
84. ^{{cite news |last=Apalategui |first=Eric |date=April 1, 2004 |title=Locke pulls plug on volcano road |work=The Daily News |location=Longview, Washington |url=https://tdn.com/business/local/locke-pulls-plug-on-volcano-road/article_14c9cb7a-e9fd-5446-923f-1f7d9e6f71b0.html |accessdate=September 11, 2018}}
85. ^{{cite news |last=Durbin |first=Kathie |date=October 18, 2004 |title=Push for St. Helens road link smolders on |page=C1 |work=The Columbian |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23272242.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114558/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23272242.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=September 11, 2018 |via=HighBeam |subscription=yes |accessdate=September 11, 2018}}
86. ^{{cite news |last=Schwarzen |first=Cristopher |date=October 2, 2004 |title=Eruption means flow of dollars into area from more visitors |page=A12 |work=The Seattle Times}}
87. ^{{cite news |last=Bernton |first=Hal |date=October 4, 2004 |title=Mount St. Helens poised to erupt; Scientists wait and watch |page=A1 |url=http://old.seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2002053363_volcano04m.html |work=The Seattle Times |accessdate=September 4, 2018}}
88. ^{{cite news |last=Brettman |first=Allan |date=October 3, 2004 |title=St. Helens shows dire signs; worst is yet to come |page=A1 |work=The Oregonian}}
89. ^{{cite news |last=Florip |first=Eric |date=September 25, 2014 |title=Mount St. Helens came back to life a decade ago |url=https://www.columbian.com/news/2014/sep/25/mount-st-helens-volcano-2004-eruption/ |work=The Columbian |accessdate=September 6, 2018}}
90. ^{{cite news |date=March 29, 2007 |title=SR 504 to remain closed through weekend |work=The Daily News |location=Longview, Washington |url=https://tdn.com/news/sr-to-remain-closed-through-weekend/article_1a2414dc-6ad8-5f99-bda4-66dccbd0a0ea.html |accessdate=September 11, 2018}}
91. ^{{cite press release |date=April 2, 2007 |title=Major Debris Clean-Up Complete, SR 504 East of Kid Valley Opens to Traffic |url=http://wsdot.wa.gov/News/2007/04/02_SR504Debris.htm |publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223141239/http://wsdot.wa.gov/News/2007/04/02_SR504Debris.htm |archivedate=December 23, 2009 |accessdate=September 11, 2018}}
92. ^{{cite web |date=June 2018 |title=Vehicle Operator's Handbook and Fuel Station Locations |page=99 |url=https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/manuals/fulltext/M53-55/FuelStations.pdf |publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation |accessdate=September 5, 2018}}
93. ^{{google maps |title=State Route 504 Spur |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/46.3701804,-122.5756017/46.3645444,-122.5592461/@46.3670486,-122.5762209,15z/am=t/data=!4m2!4m1!3e0 |link=no |accessdate=September 5, 2018}}

External links

{{attached KML|display=title,inline}}
  • {{Commons category-inline}}
  • Highways of Washington State
{{State highways in Washington related to I-5}}

5 : Gifford Pinchot National Forest|Mount St. Helens|State highways in Washington (state)|Transportation in Cowlitz County, Washington|Transportation in Skamania County, Washington
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