| 词条 | Belle Haleine, Eau de Voilette |
| 释义 |
A photograph of the object, by Man Ray, was reproduced on the cover of New York Dada magazine in April 1921.[3] This "readymade" consisted of a Rigaud brand perfume bottle with a modified label. It involved taking a mundane, utilitarian object, not generally considered to be art, and transforming it by adding a reworked label.[4] 17 November 1999, a readymade by Duchamp, Fountain (owned by Arturo Schwarz) was sold at Sotheby's, New York, for $1,762,500 to Dimitris Daskalopoulos, who declared that Fountain represented the origin of contemporary art.[5] The price set a world record, at the time, for a work by Marcel Duchamp at public auction.[6][7] The record has since been surpassed by Belle haleine–Eau de voilette, sold at Christie's Paris in 2009. The readymade of the empty perfume bottle in its box sold for a record $11.5 million (€8,913,000).[8][9] OverviewDuchamp removed the label from a {{Ill|Parfums Rigaud|fr}} bottle, then proceeded, with Man Ray, to alter the object in several ways. The new label was specifically created by the two artists for the Rigaud bottle. For this reason Belle Haleine, Eau de Voilette is often referred to as an 'assisted readymade'.[1] The model on the label is Rrose Sélavy, an alter ego of Marcel Duchamp and one of his pseudonyms. Sélavy emerged in 1921, on this label, for the first time, though the name was first used to sign a readymade, Fresh Widow, in 1920.[1] Man Ray continued a series of photographs showing Duchamp dressed as a woman through the 1920s. Duchamp later used the name as the byline on written material and signed Rrose Sélavy on several works. The ambiguity of Duchamp in drag is not dissimilar to the image of the Mona Lisa with a goatee and mustache in Duchamp's L.H.O.O.Q. (1919). Mona Lisa became a man, and Duchamp became a woman.[1] The original label on the Rigaud bottle read "Un air embaumé" (meaning perfumed air, or embalmed air), "Eau de Violette" (or Violet Water). By swapping positions of the "i" and "o" Duchamp and Man Ray obtained "Eau de Voilette" (meaning Veil Water). "Un air embaumé" was replaced with the unapologetic "Belle Halaine" (or "Beautiful Breath"). The "R" for Rigaud became "RS" for Rrose Sélavy.[1] The object touches on several issues; authorship, since the label is by Rigaud, Duchamp and Man Ray; gender identity or sexual orientation, as the woman's perfume now has a Duchamp as its principle image. Further sexual connotations arise due to suggestions of smell, touch, and taste intrinsic to the piece.[1] Shortly after its inception, Duchamp gave the bottle to Yvonne Chastel-Crotti, the ex-wife of Jean Crotti (who eventually married Suzanne Duchamp).[8] Yvonne Crotti kept it throughout her lifetime. The first exhibition within which Belle Haleine appeared was organized by the Cordier & Ekstrom Gallery, New York City, in 1965;[8] though a larger college version of the label was shown in 1930, at Galerie Goemans in Paris.[8][10] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 [https://www.toutfait.com/unmaking_the_museum/Belle%20Haleine.html Belle Haleine eau de Voilette or Beautiful Breath: Veil Water], The Marcel Duchamp Studies Online Journal, tout fait.com 2. ^Marcel Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q. or La Joconde, 1964 (replica of 1919 original) Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena 3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=bvsfioiQ8k8C&pg=PA177 The Oxford Critical and Cultural History of Modernist Magazines], Volume III, Europe 1880 - 1940, p. 177 4. ^[https://books.google.es/books?isbn=026261121X Rudolf E. Kuenzli, Dada and Surrealist Film], MIT Press, 1996, p. 47, {{ISBN|026261121X}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/18/arts/more-records-for-contemporary-art.html|title=More Records for Contemporary Art|last=Vogel|first=Carol|date=November 18, 1999|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-11-24|language=en}} 6. ^[https://www.toutfait.com/marcel-duchamp-money-is-no-object-the-art-of-defying-the-art-market/ Francis M. Naumann, The Art Defying the Art Market], Tout-fait: The Marcel Duchamp Studies Online Journal, vol. 2, 5, April 2003 7. ^Carter B. Horsley, Contemporary Art & 14 Duchamp Readymades, The City Review, 2002 8. ^1 2 3 [https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/marcel-duchamp-1887-1968-belle-haleine--5157362-details.aspx Marcel Duchamp, Belle haleine - Eau de voilette], Collection Yves Saint Laurent et Pierre Bergé, Christie's Paris, Lot 37. 23 - 25 February 2009, Lot notes by Francis M. Naumann, November 2008 9. ^Laurie Hurwitz, Saint Laurent Collection Soars at Christie's Paris. Duchamp's Belle haleine–Eau de Voilette, 1921 10. ^Galerie Goemans, La peinture au défi: Exposition de collages, March 1930, catalogue p. 30, no. 9 Further reading
External links
6 : Marcel Duchamp works|Puns|1921 works|Parodies|Found object|Perfumes |
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