“Beta male (slang)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The term was used almost solely in animal ethology prior to the 1990s, particularly in regard to mating privileges with females, ability to hold territory and hierarchy in terms of food consumption within their herd or flock.^[2] Using the term "alpha" and "beta" in reference to humans originated in the mid to late 1990s after media outlets introduced the term. A 1996 article in USA Today wrote "take a powder, sensitive guy". In the animal kingdom beta refers to an animal who is subordinate to higher-ranking member in the social hierarchy thus having to wait to eat and having negligible or no opportunities for copulation.^[3]

Culture

An Esquire article mentioned the term saying "alpha males were putting the 'man' back in manhood". In 1999, Naomi Wolf, political advisor of Al Gore and Bill Clinton, according to Time "has argued internally that Gore is a 'Beta male' who needs to take on the 'Alpha male' in the Oval Office before the public will see him as the top dog".^[4]^[5]

Andrew Marantz wrote for the New Yorker that conspiracy theorist and blogger Mike Cernovich believes that his opponents were "beta males, losers, or 'cucks' — alt-right slang for 'cuckolds{{'"}}.^[6]^[7] Members of the alt-right portray beta-males as weak and emasculated.^[8]

The March 7, 2018, issue of the Hollywood Reporter has as its cover the cast of the TV show Silicon Valley, together with the title "The Triumph of the Beta Male".^[9] The term beta is sometimes used by other manospherians as a pejorative term levelled against incels.^[10]

Beta Uprising

Caricatures of beta males and incels sometimes includes suggestions of a "Beta Uprising" or "Incel Rebellion", wherein men who are unsuccessful at courtship rebel against mainstream or what they view as privileged members of society.^[11]^[12]^[13] Members of beta communities may sympathize with individuals such as Seung-Hui Cho (Virginia Tech shooting)^[14] and George Sodini (2009 Collier Township shooting).^[15]

See also

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/2014/06/30/in_praise_of_the_beta_male/|title=In praise of the "beta male"|last=Clark-Flory|first=Tracy|website=Salon|access-date=2017-04-18}}
2. ^Gese, Eric M., Robert L. Ruff, and Robert L. Crabtree. "Foraging ecology of coyotes (Canis latrans): the influence of extrinsic factors and a dominance hierarchy." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74.5 (1996): 769-783.
3. ^Davies, N. B. "Cooperation and conflict among dunnocks, Prunella modularis, in a variable mating system." Animal Behaviour 33.2 (1985): 628-648
4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/03/opinion/liberties-the-alpha-beta-macarena.html|title=Liberties; The Alpha-Beta Macarena|last=Dowd|first=Maureen|date=1999-11-03|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-04-21}}
5. ^{{Cite web| title = How America Became Infatuated With a Cartoonish Idea of ‘Alpha Males’| last = Singal | first = Jesse| work = New York| date = 2016-05-18| accessdate = 2017-04-18| url = http://nymag.com/betamale/2016/05/the-rise-of-the-alpha-beta-male.html}}
6. ^{{cite news|last1=Marantz|first1=Andrew|title=Trolls for Trump|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/31/trolls-for-trump|accessdate=18 April 2017|work=The New Yorker|date=31 October 2016}}
7. ^{{Cite web| title = Donald Trump Jr. says Pizzagate conspiracy theorist deserves a Pulitzer| author = Lerner, Kira| work = ThinkProgress| date = 2017-04-04| accessdate = 2017-04-18| url = https://thinkprogress.org/trump-jr-susan-rice-cernovich-37770c61c597}}
8. ^{{Cite web| title = 'Cuck,' 'snowflake,' 'masculinist': A guide to the language of the 'alt-right'| last = Roy | first = Jessica| work = Los Angeles Times| date = 16 November 2016| accessdate = 2017-04-18| url = http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-alt-right-terminology-20161115-story.html}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=http://thefederalist.com/2018/03/08/the-hollywood-reporter-triumph-of-the-beta-male-cover-is-a-bad-sign/|title=The Hollywood Reporter 'Triumph Of The Beta Male' Cover Is A Bad Sign|date=2018-03-08|work=The Federalist|access-date=2018-03-08}}
10. ^https://www.dailyxtra.com/the-misogynist-ideology-behind-torontos-incel-terror-attack-must-be-confronted-86222
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/OutOfTheLoop/comments/38rb6p/what_is_a_beta_uprising/|title=What is a beta uprising? • r/OutOfTheLoop|website=reddit|access-date=19 January 2018}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/10/07/incels-4chan-and-the-beta-uprising-making-sense-of-one-of-the-internets-most-reviled-subcultures/|title=Incels, 4chan and the Beta Uprising: making sense of one of the Internet’s most-reviled subcultures|first=Caitlin|last=Dewey|date=7 October 2015|publisher=|access-date=19 January 2018|via=www.WashingtonPost.com}}
13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://news.vice.com/en_ca/article/8xkjgg/exclusive-toronto-van-attack-suspect-alek-minassian-was-a-member-of-the-canadian-army|title=Exclusive: Toronto van attack suspect Alek Minassian was a member of the Canadian Army|work=VICE News|access-date=April 25, 2018|language=en |first=Ben |last=Makuch}}
14. ^{{Cite news|url=http://bust.com/feminism/15551-mo-beta-blues.html|title=‘Beta Males’ Want To Kill Women Because They Can’t Get Laid|last=Pennacchia|first=Robyn|date=|work=Bust|access-date=May 14, 2018|year=2016|language=en-gb}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/30/elliot-rodger-puahate-forever-alone-reddit-forums|title='PUAhate' and 'ForeverAlone': inside Elliot Rodger's online life|last=Woolf|first=Nicky|date=May 30, 2014|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=April 24, 2018}}

History

Culture

Beta Uprising

See also

References