| 词条 | 1992 Winter Olympics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| image = 1992 Winter Olympics logo.svg | image_size = 150 | caption = Emblem of the 1992 Winter Olympics{{efn|The emblem is the flag of Savoy region in the shape of the Olympic flame, dancing above stripes representing the flag of France.}} | host_city = Albertville, France | motto = At the Peak of Performance ({{lang-fr|A la Pointe de la Performance}}) | nations = 64 | athletes = 1,801 (1313 men, 488 women) | events = 57 in 6 sports (12 disciplines) | opening = 8 February | closing = 23 February | opened_by = President François Mitterrand | cauldron = François-Cyrille Grange Michel Platini | stadium = Théâtre des Cérémonies | winter_prev = Calgary 1988 | winter_next = Lillehammer 1994 | summer_prev = Seoul 1988 | summer_next = Barcelona 1992 }}{{1992 Winter Olympics}} The 1992 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XVI Olympic Winter Games ({{lang-fr|Les XVIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver}}), were a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 8 to 23 February 1992 in Albertville, France. They were the last Winter Olympics to be held the same year as the Summer Olympics,[1][2] and the first where the Winter Paralympics were held at the same site. Albertville was selected as host in 1986, beating Sofia, Falun, Lillehammer, Cortina d'Ampezzo, Anchorage and Berchtesgaden. The games were the third Winter Olympics held in France, after Chamonix in 1924 and Grenoble in 1968, and the fifth Olympics overall in the country. Only some of the skating and the opening and closing ceremonies took place in Albertville, while the rest of the events took place in the villages of Courchevel, La Plagne, Les Arcs, Les Menuires, Les Saisies, Méribel, Pralognan-la-Vanoise, Tignes and Val d'Isère. Sixty-four nations with 1,801 athletes participated in the games, including the Unified Team which represented non-Baltic former Soviet republics. Germany participated as a unified team, while five newly independent European countries debuted, as did six "warm-weather" countries. Short track speed skating, moguls and women's biathlon made their debut as an Olympic sport. The games were the last Winter Games until 2014 to have demonstration sports, consisting of curling, aerials, ski ballet and speed skiing. It was the last Olympics to have an outdoor speed skating rink. The games were succeeded by the 1992 Winter Paralympics from 25 March to 1 April. Norwegians won every male cross-country skiing race, with Bjørn Dæhlie and Vegard Ulvang both collecting three gold. Ski jumper Toni Nieminen, 16, became the youngest male gold medalist of a Winter Olympic event. Petra Kronberger won both the combined event and the slalom, while Bonnie Blair won both the 500 m and 1000 m speed skating events and Gunda Niemann took both of the longest races. Kim Kihoon earned gold medals in both men's short track events. Ye Qiaobo of China won the country's first medal in the Winter Olympics, a silver in women's 500 metres speed skating. Annelise Coberger of New Zealand won the southern hemisphere's first Winter Olympic medal—a silver in the women's slalom. Nicolas Bochatay was killed during a training session. Germany won the most medals and the most gold. Host city selection{{main|Bids for the 1992 Winter Olympics}}The vote to select the host city of the 1992 Winter Olympics was conducted on 17 October 1986, in Lausanne, Switzerland, at the 91st IOC Session. A record of seven different locales bid for these Games.[3]
Opening Ceremony{{main|1992 Winter Olympics opening ceremony}}LegacyThe 1992 Olympic Winter Games marked the last time both the Winter and Summer games were held in the same year. The 1992 Olympics also marks the last time France hosted the Olympics. Paris will host the 2024 Summer Olympics. Cost and cost overrunThe Oxford Olympics Study established the outturn cost of the Albertville 1992 Winter Olympics at USD 2.0 billion in 2015-dollars and cost overrun at 137% in real terms.[5] This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging the Games. The cost and cost overrun for Albertville 1992 compares with costs of USD 2.5 billion and a cost overrun of 13% for Vancouver 2010, and costs of USD 51 billion and a cost overrun of 289% for Sochi 2014,[6] the latter being the most costly Olympics to date. Average cost for Winter Games since 1960 is USD 3.1 billion, average cost overrun is 142%. Mascot{{main|Magique (mascot)}}Magique (Magic) was the Olympic mascot of these Games, and was a little imp in the shape of a star and a cube. It was created by Philippe Mairesse and was presented in 1989. His star shape symbolises dreams and imagination. His colours come from the French flag, with a red hat and a blue costume. Notable events
SportsThere were 57 events contested in 6 sports (12 disciplines). See the medal winners, ordered by sport: {{col-begin}}{{col-1-of-2}}
Demonstration sportsThis was the final time demonstration sports were included in the Winter Olympics programme.
Participating nationsA total of 64 nations sent athletes to compete in these Games. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, six states formed a Unified Team, while the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania had their own teams. Croatia and Slovenia, who were making their first appearance at the Winter Olympics, competed as independent nations after leaving Yugoslavia. The UN sanctions against Yugoslavia that saw them miss the 1992 Summer Olympics had yet to come into effect. The German team won most medals in the games, with a total of 10 gold medals, 10 silver and 6 bronze. It was the first time since the 1936 Winter Olympics that Germany competed with a unified team after the reunification. Making their debuts were Algeria, Bermuda, Brazil, Honduras, Ireland and Swaziland (as well as the previously mentioned Croatia and Slovenia). It would also be the only appearance for both Honduras and Swaziland in Winter Olympics to date.
Venues{{Main|Venues of the 1992 Winter Olympics}}The 1992 Games are (as of today) the last ones where the speed skating venue was outdoors.
Medal table(Host nation is highlighted.) {{Medals table| caption = | host = | show_limit = | remaining_text = | flag_template = flagIOC | event = 1992 Winter | team = | gold_GER = 10 | silver_GER = 10 | bronze_GER = 6 | gold_EUN = 9 | silver_EUN = 6 | bronze_EUN = 8 | note_EUN = ¹ | gold_NOR = 9 | silver_NOR = 6 | bronze_NOR = 5 | gold_AUT = 6 | silver_AUT = 7 | bronze_AUT = 8 | gold_USA = 5 | silver_USA = 4 | bronze_USA = 2 | gold_FRA = 3 | silver_FRA = 5 | bronze_FRA = 1 | gold_ITA = 4 | silver_ITA = 6 | bronze_ITA = 4 | gold_FIN = 3 | silver_FIN = 1 | bronze_FIN = 3 | gold_CAN = 2 | silver_CAN = 3 | bronze_CAN = 2 | gold_KOR = 2 | silver_KOR = 1 | bronze_KOR = 1 }}{{further|1992 Winter Olympics medal table}} (¹ combined team with athletes from 6 nations of the Commonwealth of Independent States; team only appeared in these Winter Olympics) Broadcasting Rights
CBS Sports,[7][8][9] Turner Sports{{Citation needed|date=July 2017}} See also{{IOC seealso|games=1992 Winter Olympics }}NotesNotes{{Notelist}}Citations1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/en/content/Olympic-Games/All-Past-Olympic-Games/Winter/Albertville-1992/|title=Albertville 1992|publisher=www.olympic.org|accessdate=12 March 2010|archiveurl=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20140107032344/http://www.olympic.org/content/error-pages/error404/?404;http://www.olympic.org:80/en/content/olympic-games/all-past-olympic-games/winter/albertville-1992/|archivedate=7 January 2014|deadurl=no|df=dmy-all}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=The Olympic Winter Games Factsheet|url=http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/The_Olympic_Winter_Games.pdf|publisher=International Olympic Committee|accessdate=5 August 2012}} 3. ^IOC Vote History 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesbids.com/english/archives/past.shtml |title=Past Olympic host city election results |publisher=GamesBids |accessdate=17 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5xFvf0ufx?url=http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/past.html |archivedate=17 March 2011 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} 5. ^{{Cite book|ssrn=2804554|title=The Oxford Olympics Study 2016: Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games|last=Flyvbjerg|first=Bent|last2=Stewart|first2=Allison|last3=Budzier|first3=Alexander|publisher=Saïd Business School Working Papers (Oxford: University of Oxford)|year=2016|isbn=|location=Oxford|pages=9–13|quote=|via=}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2013/oct/09/sochi-2014-olympics-money-corruption |title=Sochi 2014: the costliest Olympics yet but where has all the money gone? |publisher=The Guardian |date= |accessdate=2014-02-12}} 7. ^{{cite news|last1=Stewart|first1=Larry|title=The Olympic Winter Games at Albertville: With CBS in Charge, McKay Will Be Among the Missing|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1992-02-09/sports/sp-3510_1_winter-olympics|work=Los Angeles Times|date=9 February 1992}} 8. ^{{cite news|last1=Carter|first1=Bill|title=THE MEDIA BUSINESS: Albertville 92; CBS Gambling Heavily On Success of Olympics|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/03/business/the-media-business-albertville-92-cbs-gambling-heavily-on-success-of-olympics.html|work=The New York Times|date=3 February 1992}} 9. ^{{cite news|last1=Sandomir|first1=Richard|title=ALBERTVILLE '92; CBS Winter Vacation Ends After 32 Years|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/02/sports/albertville-92-cbs-winter-vacation-ends-after-32-years.html|work=The New York Times|date=2 February 1992}} External links{{commons category|1992 Winter Olympics}}
Albertville|years=XVI Olympic Winter Games (1992)}}{{s-aft|after=Lillehammer}}{{s-end}}{{Olympic Games}}{{Events at the 1992 Winter Olympics}}{{Nations at the 1992 Winter Olympics}}{{1992 Winter Olympic venues}}{{Authority control}}{{Portal bar|1990s|Olympics|France}} 8 : 1992 Winter Olympics|Olympic Games in France|Sport in Albertville|Winter Olympics by year|1992 in multi-sport events|1992 in French sport|February 1992 sports events|Winter sports competitions in France |
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