| 词条 | Caladenia rosella |
| 释义 |
| name = Rosella spider orchid | image = Caladenia rosella.jpg | image_caption = Caladenia rosella growing near Cottles Bridge, Victoria | status_system = EPBC | status = EN | genus = Caladenia | species = rosella | authority = G.W.Carr[1] | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms = Arachnorchis rosella (G.W.Carr) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. }} Caladenia rosella, commonly known as the rosella spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and a single scented pink flower. Although it may have had a wider distribution in the past, the total number of plants in 2000 was estimated to be 120 in four populations in Victoria. There is a single record from New South Wales but the orchid is classified as "extinct" in that state. DescriptionCaladenia rosella is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, {{convert|40-90|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|5-8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. A single pale or bright pink flower {{convert|50-60|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide is borne on a stalk {{convert|100-170|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall. The sepals and petals have long, dark, thread-like tips covered with glandular hairs. The dorsal sepal is erect, {{convert|30-50|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|2-3|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The lateral sepals are {{convert|30-50|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|4-6|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide and spread widely, turning slightly downwards. The petals are {{convert|30-40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|2-4|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and arranged like the lateral sepals. The labellum is {{convert|10-14|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|8-10|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and pale pink near its base but darker pink near its edges and tip. The sides of the labellum have linear teeth up to {{convert|2|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and the tip of the labellum is curled under. There are four or six rows of pink calli along the centre of the labellum. In warm weather the flowers have a musky scent. Flowering occurs from August to September.[1][2][3][4]TaxonomyCaladenia rosella was first formally described in 1988 by Geoffrey Carr from a specimen collected near Hurstbridge and the description was published in Muelleria.[5][4] The specific epithet (rosella) is the diminutive form of the Latin word rosa meaning "of roses",[6] hence "rose-pink" referring to the colour of the flowers of this orchid.[4]Distribution and habitatThe rosella spider orchid occurs in areas to the near-north of Melbourne where it grows in woodlands and low forests. It was formerly more widespread in central and western Victoria and in nearby parts of New South Wales.[3][4][7][8] EcologyThe most likely pollinator of C. rosella is a male thynnid wasp but a small bee in the genus Neoproctus has been shown to also be a pollinator of this species.[3] ConservationThe numbers of the rosella orchid have declined because of habitat loss and fragmentation so that by 2000, only 120 plants in four populations near Melbourne were known. The species is classified as "extinct" in New South Wales, as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "endangered" under the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988. The main threats to the species are weed invasion, trampling during recreational activities and grazing by rabbits.[2][3] References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|page =58}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q9673933}}2. ^1 {{cite web|title=Caladenia rosella|url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/a1bd5968-5f12-45ae-ab67-9d92e799ac6d|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: vicflora|accessdate=17 March 2017}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Conservation advice Caladenia rosella (Rosella spider-orchid)|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/5086-conservation-advice-16122016.pdf|publisher=Australian Government Department of the Environment|accessdate=17 March 2017}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|last1=Carr|first1=Geoffrey William|title=New species of Caladenia R.Br. (Orchidaceae) from Victoria and New South Wales, Australia|journal=Muelleria|date=1988|volume=6|issue=6|pages=442–446|url=https://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/documents/Muelleria_6(6),_p439-448,_Carr,_new_Caladenia.pdf|accessdate=17 March 2017}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Caladenia rosella|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/514955|publisher=APNI|accessdate=17 March 2017}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page =667}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Caladenia rosella|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Caladenia~rosella|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney: plantnet|accessdate=17 March 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Rosella spider orchid profile|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedSpeciesApp/profile.aspx?id=10123|publisher=Government of New South Wales Department of Environment and Heritage|accessdate=17 March 2017}} 4 : Caladenia|Plants described in 1988|Endemic orchids of Australia|Orchids of Victoria (Australia) |
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