| 词条 | Calcium-dependent chloride channel |
| 释义 |
| Symbol = Apoctamin | Name = TMEM16 | image =Tmem16a EMD-3860.png | width = | caption = Cartoon representation of a mTMEM16A chloride channel based on a cryoelectron microscopy reconstruction.[1] | Pfam = PF04547 | Pfam_clan = | InterPro = IPR032394 | SMART = | PROSITE = | MEROPS = | SCOP = | TCDB = 1.A.17 | OPM family = 369 | OPM protein = | CAZy = | CDD = | PDB = | Membranome superfamily = 219 }} The Calcium-Dependent Chloride Channel (Ca-ClC) proteins (or calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs),[2] are heterogeneous groups of ligand-gated ion channels for chloride that have been identified in many epithelial and endothelial cell types as well as in smooth muscle cells. They include proteins from several structurally different families: chloride channel accessory (CLCA),[3] bestrophin (BEST),[4][5] and calcium-dependent chloride channel anoctamin (ANO or TMEM16) channels]][4][5][8][9] ANO1 is highly expressed in human gastrointestinal interstitial cells of Cajal, which are proteins which serve as intestinal pacemakers for peristalsis.[8] In addition to their role as chloride channels some CLCA proteins function as adhesion molecules and may also have roles as tumour suppressors.[11] These eukaryotic proteins are "required for normal electrolyte and fluid secretion, olfactory perception, and neuronal and smooth muscle excitability" in animals.[2][3] Members of the Ca-CIC family are generally 600 to 1000 amino acyl residues (aas) in length and exhibit 7 to 10 transmembrane segments (TMSs). FunctionTmc1 and Tmc2 (TC#s 1.A.17.4.6 and 1.A.17.4.1, respectively) may play a role in hearing and are required for normal function of cochlear hair cells, possibly as Ca2+ channels or Ca2+ channel subunits (see also family TC# 1.A.82).[4] Mice lacking both channels lack hair cell mechanosensory potentials.[5] There are 8 members of this family in humans, 1 in Drosophila and 2 in C. elegans. One of the latter two is expressed in mechanoreceptors.[6] Tmc1 is a sodium-sensitive cation channel required for salt (Na+) chemosensation in C. elegans "where it is required for salt-evoked neuronal activity and behavioural avoidance of high concentrations of NaCl".[7] TMEM16A is over-expressed in several tumor types. The role of TMEM16A in gliomas and the potential underlying mechanisms were analyzed by Liu et al. 2014. Knockdown of TMEM16A suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion.[8] The reactions believed to be catalyzed by channels of the Ca-ClC family are:[9] Cl− (out) ⇌ Cl− (in) and Cations (e.g., Ca2+) (out) ⇌ Cations (e.g., Ca2+) (in) In humans{{abbr|CaCC|Calcium-activated chloride channel}}s that are known to occur in humans include:
See also
Notes1. ^{{PDB|5oyb}}; {{cite journal | vauthors = Paulino C, Kalienkova V, Lam A, Neldner Y, Dutzler R | title = Activation mechanism of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A revealed by cryo-EM. | journal = Nature| volume = 552 | issue = 7685 | pages = 421-425 | date = December 2017 | pmid = 29236691 | doi = 10.1038/nature24652 }} 2. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Caputo A, Caci E, Ferrera L, Pedemonte N, Barsanti C, Sondo E, Pfeffer U, Ravazzolo R, Zegarra-Moran O, Galietta LJ | title = TMEM16A, a membrane protein associated with calcium-dependent chloride channel activity | journal = Science | volume = 322 | issue = 5901 | pages = 590–4 | date = October 2008 | pmid = 18772398 | doi = 10.1126/science.1163518 }} 3. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Pang C, Yuan H, Ren S, Chen Y, An H, Zhan Y | title = TMEM16A/B associated CaCC: structural and functional insights | journal = Protein and Peptide Letters | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 94–9 | date = 2014-01-01 | pmid = 24151904 | doi = 10.2174/09298665113206660098 }} 4. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Kim KX, Fettiplace R | title = Developmental changes in the cochlear hair cell mechanotransducer channel and their regulation by transmembrane channel-like proteins | journal = The Journal of General Physiology | volume = 141 | issue = 1 | pages = 141–8 | date = January 2013 | pmid = 23277480 | pmc = 3536526 | doi = 10.1085/jgp.201210913 }} 5. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Kawashima Y, Géléoc GS, Kurima K, Labay V, Lelli A, Asai Y, Makishima T, Wu DK, Della Santina CC, Holt JR, Griffith AJ | title = Mechanotransduction in mouse inner ear hair cells requires transmembrane channel-like genes | journal = The Journal of Clinical Investigation | volume = 121 | issue = 12 | pages = 4796–809 | date = December 2011 | pmid = 22105175 | pmc = 3223072 | doi = 10.1172/JCI60405 }} 6. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith CJ, Watson JD, Spencer WC, O'Brien T, Cha B, Albeg A, Treinin M, Miller DM | title = Time-lapse imaging and cell-specific expression profiling reveal dynamic branching and molecular determinants of a multi-dendritic nociceptor in C. elegans | journal = Developmental Biology | volume = 345 | issue = 1 | pages = 18–33 | date = September 2010 | pmid = 20537990 | pmc = 2919608 | doi = 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.05.502 }} 7. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Chatzigeorgiou M, Bang S, Hwang SW, Schafer WR | title = tmc-1 encodes a sodium-sensitive channel required for salt chemosensation in C. elegans | journal = Nature | volume = 494 | issue = 7435 | pages = 95–99 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23364694 | pmc = 4021456 | doi = 10.1038/nature11845 | authorlink4 = William Schafer (neuroscientist) }} 8. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu J, Liu Y, Ren Y, Kang L, Zhang L | title = Transmembrane protein with unknown function 16A overexpression promotes glioma formation through the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway | journal = Molecular Medicine Reports | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 1068–74 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24401903 | doi = 10.3892/mmr.2014.1888 }} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=1.A.17|title=1.A.17 The Calcium-Dependent Chloride Channel (Ca-ClC) Family|website=TCDB|access-date=2016-04-16}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|title=Calcium activated chloride channel|url=http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=130|website=IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology|access-date=7 October 2015|quote=}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite journal | vauthors = Brunner JD, Lim NK, Schenck S, Duerst A, Dutzler R | title = X-ray structure of a calcium-activated TMEM16 lipid scramblase | journal = Nature | volume = 516 | issue = 7530 | pages = 207–12 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25383531 | doi = 10.1038/nature13984 }} 12. ^1 2 {{cite journal | vauthors = Sanders KM, Zhu MH, Britton F, Koh SD, Ward SM | title = Anoctamins and gastrointestinal smooth muscle excitability | journal = Experimental Physiology | volume = 97 | issue = 2 | pages = 200–6 | date = February 2012 | pmid = 22002868 | pmc = 3272164 | doi = 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.058248 }}{{open access}} 13. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1179 | title=CLCA1 chloride channel accessory 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] | encyclopedia=Gene | date=13 January 2015 | publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information }} 14. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Hartzell C, Putzier I, Arreola J | title = Calcium-activated chloride channels | journal = Annual Review of Physiology | volume = 67 | pages = 719–58 | date = March 2005 | pmid = 15709976 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.032003.154341 }}{{closed access}} 15. ^1 2 {{cite journal | vauthors = Kunzelmann K, Kongsuphol P, Aldehni F, Tian Y, Ousingsawat J, Warth R, Schreiber R | title = Bestrophin and TMEM16-Ca(2+) activated Cl(-) channels with different functions | journal = Cell Calcium | volume = 46 | issue = 4 | pages = 233–41 | date = October 2009 | pmid = 19783045 | doi = 10.1016/j.ceca.2009.09.003 }} 16. ^1 2 {{cite journal | vauthors = Kunzelmann K, Kongsuphol P, Chootip K, Toledo C, Martins JR, Almaca J, Tian Y, Witzgall R, Ousingsawat J, Schreiber R | title = Role of the Ca2+ -activated Cl- channels bestrophin and anoctamin in epithelial cells | journal = Biological Chemistry | volume = 392 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 125–34 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21194364 | doi = 10.1515/BC.2011.010 }} 17. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Evans SR, Thoreson WB, Beck CL | title = Molecular and functional analyses of two new calcium-activated chloride channel family members from mouse eye and intestine | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 40 | pages = 41792–800 | date = October 2004 | pmid = 15284223 | pmc = 1383427 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M408354200 }} References{{reflist | 32em | refs=[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]}} Further reading{{refbegin|32em}}
6 : Protein families|Membrane proteins|Transmembrane proteins|Transmembrane transporters|Transport proteins|Integral membrane proteins |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。