| 词条 | Battle of Galveston |
| 释义 |
| conflict = Battle of Galveston | partof = the American Civil War | image = CSBayouCity-capturesLane.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = CS Bayou City captures USS Harriet Lane during the Battle of Galveston | date = {{Start date|1863|1|1}} | place = Galveston, Texas | coordinates = | map_type = | latitude = | longitude = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_label = | territory = | result = Confederate victory | status = | combatant1 = {{flagicon|USA|1861}} United States (Union) | combatant2 = {{flagicon|CSA|1861}} Confederate States (Confederacy) | combatant3 = | commander1 = {{flagdeco|USA|1861}} Isaac S. Burrell {{flagdeco|United States Navy|1861}} William B. Renshaw{{KIA}} | commander2 = {{flagdeco|CSA|army}} John B. Magruder Leon Smith (naval commander) | commander3 = | units1 = West Gulf Blockading Squadron 42nd Massachusetts Infantry | units2 = Department of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona Texas Marine Department | units3 = | strength1 = 6 gunboats unknown infantry | strength2 = 2 gunboats unknown infantry | strength3 = | casualties1 = ca. 420 captured 1 gunboat captured 1 gunboat destroyed | casualties2 = 26 killed, 117 wounded | casualties3 = | notes = }}{{Campaignbox Operations Against Galveston}}{{Campaignbox Operations to Blockade the Texas Coast}} The Battle of Galveston was a naval and land battle of the American Civil War, when Confederate forces under Major Gen. John B. Magruder expelled occupying Union troops from the city of Galveston, Texas on January 1, 1863. After the loss of the cutter {{ship|USRC|Harriet Lane|1857|2}}, the Union Fleet Commander William B. Renshaw blew up the stranded vessel {{USS|Westfield}} to save it from falling into enemy hands. Union troops on shore thought the fleet was surrendering, and laid down their arms. The battle is sometimes called the Second Battle of Galveston, as the Battle of Galveston Harbor (October 1862) is sometimes called the First Battle of Galveston. BattleTwo Confederate cottonclads, {{Ship|CS|Bayou City}} and the {{Ship|CS|Neptune}} commanded by Leon Smith, sailed from Houston to Galveston in an effort to engage the Union Fleet in Galveston Harbor, which consisted of {{USS|Clifton|1861|6}}, {{USS|Harriet Lane|1857|6}}, {{USS|Westfield|1861|6}}, {{USS|Owasco|1861|6}}, {{USS|Corypheus|1862|6}} and {{USS|Sachem|1861|6}}.[1] Outnumbered six to two by the Northern ships, Neptune was severely damaged by the Union Fleet and eventually sank. While Neptune was quickly disabled, Bayou City succeeded in capturing {{USS|Harriet Lane|1857|6}}.[2] During this time, {{USS|Westfield|1861|6}} was grounded on a sandbar. A three-hour truce was called for by Magruder, but Union Fleet Commander William B. Renshaw, ignoring the negotiation offer, attempted to destroy the grounded Westfield with explosives rather than let it fall into enemy hands. Renshaw and several Union troops were subsequently killed when the explosives were set off too early. Union troops on shore were convinced that their own ships were surrendering and, therefore, laid down their arms. The remaining U.S. ships did not surrender and succeeded in retreating to Union-controlled New Orleans.[3][4] {{gallery|width=200 | height=150 |File:Capture HarrietLane.jpg|Artist's depiction of the capture of USS Harriet Lane. |File:Twin Sisters, San Jacinto.jpg|Replicas of the "Twin Sisters", which were used in the 1836 Battle of San Jacinto and the 1863 Battle of Galveston. }} AftermathThe Union blockade around the city of Galveston was lifted temporarily for four days, and Galveston remained the only major port that remained in Confederate hands at the end of the war. The Confederate Congress stated this on the successful recapture of Galveston: The bold, intrepid, and gallant conduct of Maj. Gen. J. Bankhead Magruder, Col. Thomas Green, Maj. Leon Smith and other officers, and of the Texan Rangers and soldiers engaged in the attack on, and victory achieved over, the land and naval forces of the enemy at Galveston, on the 1st of January, 1863, eminently entitle them to the thanks of Congress and the country... This brilliant achievement, resulting, under the providence of God, in the capture of the war steamer Harriet Lane and the defeat and ignominious flight of the hostile fleet from the harbor, the recapture of the city and the raising of the blockade of the port of Galveston, signally evinces that superior force may be overcome by skillful conception and daring courage. See also
References1. ^{{cite book|title=Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862|year=1863|publisher=D. Appleton & Company|location=New York|page=774|url=https://archive.org/stream/1862appletonsan02newyuoft#page/n783/mode/1up}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Confederate Ships - C.S. Army gun boat Bayou City|work=Naval Historical Center, Department of the U.S. Navy (13 October 2000), www.history.navy.mil|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-us-cs/csa-sh/csash-ag/bayou-ct.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011115111011/http://history.navy.mil/photos/sh-us-cs/csa-sh/csash-ag/bayou-ct.htm|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2001-11-15|accessdate=2007-04-10|df=}} 3. ^{{cite web|author=Alwyn Barr |authorlink=Alwyn Barr |title=Galveston, Battle of |work=The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Assoc. (June 6, 2001), www.tshaonline.org |url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qeg01 |accessdate=2007-04-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107164112/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qeg01 |archivedate=November 7, 2010 }} 4. ^{{cite web|title=The Battle of Galveston (1 January 1863)|work=Lone Star Junction (1996), www.lsjunction.com|url=http://www.lsjunction.com/events/galvestn.htm|accessdate=2007-04-10}} External links
10 : 1863 in Texas|Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War|Confederate victories of the American Civil War|Conflicts in 1863|History of Galveston, Texas|Maritime incidents in 1863|Operations Against Galveston (American Civil War)|Battles of the American Civil War in Texas|January 1863 events|Naval battles of the American Civil War |
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