| 词条 | Battle of Kolombangara |
| 释义 |
|conflict = Battle of Kolombangara | image = USS St. Louis (CL-49) and HMNZS Leander firing during the Battle of Kolombangara, 13 July 1943 (80-G-342763).jpg | image_size = 300 |caption = The cruisers {{USS|St. Louis|CL-49|6}} and {{Ship|HMNZS|Leander}} firing |partof = the Pacific Theater of World War II |date = 12/13 July 1943 |place = Kolombangara in the Solomon Islands |result = Japanese tactical victory |combatant1 = {{flag|United States|1912}} {{flag|New Zealand}} |combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}} |commander1 = {{flagicon|United States|1912}} Walden Ainsworth |commander2 = {{flagicon|Empire of Japan|naval}} Shunji Isaki{{KIA}} |strength1 = 3 light cruisers, 10 destroyers |strength2 = 1 light cruiser, 5 destroyers |casualties1 = 1 destroyer sunk, 3 light cruisers heavily damaged, 89 killed[1] |casualties2 = 1 light cruiser sunk, 482 killed[2] |campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Solomons}} }} The Battle of Kolombangara (Japanese: コロンバンガラ島沖海戦) (also known as the Second Battle of Kula Gulf) was a naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the night of 12/13 July 1943, off Kolombangara in the Solomon Islands. BackgroundA Japanese "Tokyo Express" reinforcement force—commanded by Sho-sho (Rear Admiral) Shunji Izaki and comprising the light cruiser {{Ship|Japanese cruiser|Jintsu||2}}, the destroyers {{Ship|Japanese destroyer|Mikazuki|1926|2}}, {{Ship|Japanese destroyer|Yukikaze|1939|2}}, {{Ship|Japanese destroyer|Hamakaze|1940|2}}, {{Ship|Japanese destroyer|Kiyonami||2}} and {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Yūgure|1934|2}} and the destroyer transports {{Ship|Japanese destroyer|Satsuki|1925|2}}, {{Ship|Japanese destroyer|Minazuki|1926|2}}, {{Ship|Japanese destroyer|Yūnagi|1924|2}}, and {{Ship|Japanese destroyer|Matsukaze|1923|2}}—made a run down "The Slot" from the upper Solomons to land troops at Vila on Kolombangara by way of Kula Gulf on the night of 12 July 1943. An Allied force—commanded by Rear Admiral Walden L. Ainsworth and comprising the United States Navy light cruisers {{USS|Honolulu|CL-48|6}} and {{USS|St. Louis|CL-49|2}} and Royal New Zealand Navy light cruiser {{HMNZS|Leander}}, and the destroyers {{USS|Nicholas|DD-449|6}}, {{USS|O'Bannon|DD-450|2}}, {{USS|Taylor|DD-468|2}}, {{USS|Jenkins|DD-447|2}}, {{USS|Radford|DD-446|2}}, {{USS|Ralph Talbot|DD-390|2}}, {{USS|Buchanan|DD-484|2}}, {{USS|Maury|DD-401|2}}, {{USS|Woodworth|DD-460|2}}, and {{USS|Gwin|DD-433|2}}—were deployed in a single column with five destroyers in the van followed by the light cruisers and then by five destroyers in the rear. The U.S. had landed troops of the 37th Infantry Division on New Georgia to attack Munda the week before and had just placed Marine Raiders ashore at Rice Anchorage on New Georgia's northern shore to seize Bairoko. Admiral Ainsworth's mission was to protect the north shore beachhead from attack by the "Tokyo Express" and if possible to prevent Imperial reinforcements from landing. BattleAt 01:00 on 13 July, the Allied ships established radar contact about {{convert|20|mi|nmi km|lk=on|abbr=on}} east of the northern tip of Kolombangara at {{coord|7|50|S|157|21|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}. Ainsworth assumed he had complete surprise, but the Japanese had been aware of the Allied force for almost two hours. The destroyers increased speed to engage the Japanese force while the cruisers turned to deploy their main batteries, but the Imperial destroyers had already launched Long Lance torpedoes and turned away. Jintsu engaged the Allied ships and was subjected to concentrated Allied fire. She was reduced to a wreck, broken in two by torpedo hits and sank at about 01:45, with the loss of nearly her entire crew, including Vice Admiral Izaki. On the Allied side, Leander was struck by a torpedo and, severely damaged, retired from the battle escorted by Radford and Jenkins. Ainsworth pursued the Imperial destroyers, but both St. Louis and Honolulu were struck by torpedoes and damaged, while Gwin was struck amidships and scuttled at 09:30 the next morning. AftermathHonolulu and St. Louis were out of action for several months, while Leander was under repair for a year and never returned to action during World War II. Rex Wood, who was a seaman on the HMNZS Leander at the age of 19, was one of those who had the task of closing the ship's watertight doors to prevent it sinking - and then removing his drowned shipmates once the vessel was safely in port. Except for Jintsu, the Japanese force escaped damage, and the transport destroyers successfully landed 1,200 men at Vila. The Emperor's men had won a tactical victory, but of the action the naval historian Samuel Eliot Morison wrote: "A string of such victories added up to defeat." Though at a severe cost, Ainsworth also accomplished his mission of preventing an attack on the Marines, and combined with the earlier Battle of Kula Gulf, successfully deterred the Japanese from future use of Kula Gulf in reinforcing Munda. After the Battle of Kolombangara, the Japanese chose to use Vella Gulf, Blackett Strait, and the more constricted passage at Wana Wana, resulting in a series of nightly attacks by U.S. destroyers and PT boats against their reinforcement efforts. {{Commons|Battle of Kolombangara}}Notes1. ^Morison, Breaking the Bismarcks, p. 186 & 189. 2. ^Hackett & Kingsepp, Combinedfleet.com, Jintsu & Morison, Breaking the Bismarcks, p. 184. References
| chapter = | title = Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War | publisher = Naval Institute Press | location = | isbn = 0-87021-311-3 }}
External links
7 : Conflicts in 1943|Pacific Ocean theatre of World War II|Naval battles of World War II involving Japan|Naval battles of World War II involving New Zealand|1943 in Japan|1943 in the Solomon Islands|Battles and operations of World War II involving the Solomon Islands |
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