| 词条 | Battle of Mouquet Farm | ||
| 释义 |
| conflict = Battle of Mouquet Farm | partof = the Battle of the Somme of the First World War | image = File:Map of the Battle of the Somme, 1916.svg |image_size=250px |caption = Battle of the Somme, 1916 | date = 23 July – 26 September 1916 | place = near Pozières, France |coordinates = {{coord|50.051469|N|2.712734|E|type:event_region:FR_source:dewiki|display=inline, title}} | territory = | result = British victory | combatant1 = {{flag|British Empire}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|German Empire}} | commander1 = | commander2 = | strength1 = | strength2 = | casualties1 = 6,300 | casualties2 = unknown | notes = | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Somme 1916}}{{Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)}} }} The Battle of Mouquet Farm, also known as the Fighting for Mouquet Farm was part of the Battle of the Somme and began during the Battle of Pozières (23 July – 3 September). The fighting began on 23 July with attacks by the Reserve Army and it was captured by the 3rd Canadian Division of the Canadian Corps on 16 September. The farm was lost to a German counter-attack, before being re-captured on 26 September, during an attack by the 11th (Northern) Division during the Battle of Thiepval Ridge {{nowrap|(26–28 September),}} in which No. 16 Section of the 6th East Yorkshire (Pioneers) smoked out the last German defenders. {{TOC limit|2}}Background1916Mouquet Farm was to the right of the modern D 73 Pozières–Thiepval road, south of Grandcourt and to the south-west of Courcelette, about {{convert|1.7|km|mi|order=flip|abbr=on}} north-west of the high ground near Pozières.{{sfn|Gliddon|1987|p=334}} Following the fighting that had occurred around the village earlier in the year, the decision was made by the British to gain control of the ridge beyond the village to create a gap in the German lines, behind the salient that had developed around the German-held fortress of Thiepval. By capturing Mouquet Farm, the British hoped that it would destabilise the German position and enable subsequent gains.{{sfn|Coulthard-Clark|1998|p=119}} Battle10 August – 3 September{{Main|Battle of Pozières}}During the night of 10 August, parties of the 4th Australian Division of the I Anzac Corps, attacked towards the farm and managed to establish advanced posts in the valley south of the farm and to the east. Attacks were then made from a foothold in {{lang|de|Fabeck Graben}} (Fabeck Trench) to the north-east and to deepen the salient near the farm. By 22 August, the 2nd Australian Division had made several more attempts on the farm and had realised that the main defensive position was underground, where the Germans had excavated the cellars to create linked dug-outs. On 3 September, the 4th Australian Division attacked again with the 13th Brigade and captured much of the surface remains of the farm and trenches nearby, with hand-to-hand fighting in the ruins and underground. German counter-attacks repulsed the Australians except from a small part of {{lang|de|Fabeck Graben}}, for a loss of {{nowrap|2,049 Australian}} casualties.{{sfn|Gliddon|1987|p=336}} 16–26 SeptemberDuring the battle, the I Anzac Corps divisions, advanced north-west along the Pozières ridge, towards the German strong point of Mouquet Farm, with British divisions supporting on the left. The approaches to the farm were visible to German artillery observers, who directed artillery-fire on the attackers, from three sides of the salient that had developed in the lines.{{sfn|Grey|2008|p=103}} Many casualties were caused to the attackers as they approached the farm and in August and into September, the Australian divisions were repulsed three times from the farm.{{sfn|Odgers|1994|p=93}} The Canadian Corps relieved the I Anzac Corps on 5 September.{{sfn|Coulthard-Clark|1998|p=120}} The Canadians captured part of the farm on 16 September and were then repulsed by a counter-attack. By 25 September, further attacks had captured part of the farm on the surface but the Germans still held the cellars, dug-outs and tunnels beneath.{{sfn|Gliddon|1987|p=336}} The farm was captured on 26 September by the 34th Brigade of the 11th Division, in the general attack of the Battle of Thiepval Ridge. The 9th Lancashire Fusiliers bombed the exits of the underground positions and also managed to reach the second objective, at the west end of {{lang|de|Zollern}} Trench, where German machine-gun nests had held up previous attacks. The 6th East Yorkshire (Pioneers) overwhelmed the last defenders with smoke grenades and took {{nowrap|56 prisoners.}}{{sfn|Miles|1992|pp=401–402}}{{sfn|Philpott|2009|p=375}} AftermathCasualtiesIn the fighting around Pozières and Mouquet Farm, the I Anzac Corps suffered {{circa|6,300 casualties.}}{{sfn|Odgers|1994|p=94}} During its second period on the Somme, the 1st Australian Division lost {{nowrap|2,654 men,}} having already had {{nowrap|5,278 casualties}} in August. The 2nd Australian Division had {{nowrap|6,846 losses}} from {{nowrap|25 July – 7 August}} and {{nowrap|1,267 casualties}} from {{nowrap|23–29 August.}}{{sfn|Miles|1992|pp=152–153, 215, 226–227}} From {{nowrap|29 July – 16 August}} the 4th Australian Division had {{nowrap|4,761 losses}} and {{nowrap|2,487 casualties}} from {{nowrap|27 August – 4 September.}}{{sfn|Miles|1992|pp=220–283}} GallerySee also{{portal|World War I}}
Notes{{notelist}}FootnotesReferences{{refbegin}}
|last=Coulthard-Clark |first=C. |title=Where Australians Fought: The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles |year=1998 |edition=1st |publisher=Allen & Unwin |location=St Leonards, New South Wales |isbn=978-1-86448-611-7}}
|title=When the Barrage Lifts: A Topographical History and Commentary on the Battle of the Somme 1916 |last=Gliddon |first=G. |authorlink= |year=1987 |publisher=Gliddon Books |location=Norwich |edition= |isbn=978-0-947893-02-6}}
|last=Grey |first=J. |authorlink= |year=2008 |title=A Military History of Australia |edition=3rd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Melbourne |isbn=978-0-521-69791-0}}
|series=History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence |title=Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: 2nd July 1916 to the End of the Battles of the Somme |volume=II |last=Miles |first=W. |authorlink= |year=1992 |orig-year=1938 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |edition=Imperial War Museum & Battery Press |isbn=978-0-901627-76-6}}
|last=Odgers |first=G. |authorlink=George Odgers |title=Diggers: The Australian Army, Navy and Air Force in Eleven Wars |publisher=Lansdowne |location=London |year=1994 |volume=I |isbn=978-1-86302-385-6}}
|title=Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century |last=Philpott |first=W. |authorlink= |year=2009 |publisher=Little, Brown |location=London |edition=1st |isbn=978-1-4087-0108-9}}{{refend}} Further readingBooks
External links{{Commons category|Battle of Mouquet Farm}}
4 : Conflicts in 1916|1916 in France|Battle of the Somme|Battles of World War I involving Australia |
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