| 词条 | Djohan Effendi |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = |name = Djohan Effendi |colorcode = |image = |imagesize = |smallimage = |alt = |caption = |order = |office1 = Secretary of State |term_start1 = 29 May 2000 |term_end1 = 23 July 2001 |predecessor1 = Bondan Gunawan |successor1 = Bambang Kesowo |vicepresident = |deputy = |lieutenant = |president1 = Abdurrahman Wahid |succeeding1 = |constituency = |majority = |order2 = |deputy2 = |lieutenant2 = |birth_date = {{birth date|1939|10|1}} |birth_place = Kandangan, Dutch East Indies |death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|11|17|1939|10|1}} |death_place = Geelong, Australia |restingplace = |restingplacecoordinates = |birthname = |citizenship = Indonesian |nationality = |party = |otherparty = |spouse = |relations = |children = |residence = |alma_mater = Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University, Deakin University (Ph.D.) |occupation = |profession = |cabinet = |committees = |portfolio = |religion = Islam |signature = |signature_alt = |website = |footnotes = }}Djohan Effendi (October 1, 1939 – November 17, 2017)[1] was the Secretary of State of Indonesia, under President Abdurrahman Wahid from 2000 to 2001.[2] He was an Ahmadi and belonged to the Lahore branch and was an ardent advocate for the Ahmadiyya movement. He was known for having been a prominent liberal thinker of Islam in Indonesia, more specifically based in Yogyakarta and a part of the Jogja-based liberal Islamic intellectual group known as the Limited Group led by Mukti Ali.[3] He also served as chair of the International Centre for Religious Pluralism and voiced criticism toward the issuance of the fatwa by Majelis Ulama Indonesia targeting religious pluralism in 2005.[4] Effendi was considered to be a senior figure amongst Indonesian liberal Islamic activists, and was characterized by Budhy Munawar Rachman as a progressive Islamic scholar and as 'militant fighter for tolerance'.[5] His name is included in the book 50 Tokoh Liberal di Indonesia (50 Liberal Figures in Indonesia) among the pioneers of the Indonesian liberal movement together with Nurcholish Madjid and Abdurrahman Wahid. CareerPreviously Effendi was the Special Staff of the Secretary of State, as well as the author of President Soeharto's speech. He had written hundreds of speeches for President Soeharto, during his rule from 1978 to 1995. His career as a speechwriter of the President was terminated when he "recklessly" accompanied Abdurrahman Wahid's controversial visit to Israel in 1994. The visit was strongly opposed by some Islamic groups, and then state secretary Moerdiono also expressed his regret regarding the visit.[6] ViewsIn Djohan's opinion, Ahmadis held the same right to practice their beliefs in Indonesia,[7] and Indonesia under the Pancasila doctrine needs to ensure the complete religious pluralism, which he considers substantiated by the Medina Charter established by the Islamic prophet Muhammad,[8] and the Qur'anic notion of kalimatun sawa′, meaning 'common word'.[5] He also believed in the importance of the preservation of religion, grounded by the principles of maqasid al-shari'a advocated by al-Shatibi, and that relativism or syncretism need to be accommodated.[5] In his understanding of religion, Djohan came to the conclusion that "in every religion, there is a truth that can be taken away". Therefore, he was deeply respectful of all forms of faithfulness in the name of religion. References1. ^{{cite news|last1=Akbar|first1=Wishnugroho|title=Djohan Effendi, Sahabat Kental Gus Dur Meninggal Dunia|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20171117223309-20-256486/djohan-effendi-sahabat-kental-gus-dur-meninggal-dunia/|accessdate=2017-12-12|publisher=CNN Indonesia|date=2017-11-17|language=id}} {{Islam in Indonesia}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Effendi, Djohan}}2. ^[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=fzbiLiYgY9EC&lpg=PA3&dq=singapura%20banjar&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=singapura%20banjar&f=false {{id}} Ahmad Gaus A. F., Sang pelintas batas: biografi Djohan Effendi, Penerbit Buku Kompas, 2009, 9786029556612] {{ISBN|602-95566-1-4}} 3. ^Kersten, Carool. Islam in Indonesia the Contest for Society, Ideas and Values. (2015) C. Hurst & Co. 4. ^Moch Nur Ichwan, Towards a Puritanical Moderate Islam: The Majelis Ulama Indonesia and the Politics of Religious Orthodoxy. ISEAS Publishing. Retrieved 9-9-2017. 5. ^1 2 Munawar-Rahman, Budhy. Pesan-Pesan Al-Qur'an:Mencoba Megerti Intisari Kitab Suci. (2012) Jakarta:National Liberay, pp.1-17 6. ^Djohan Effendi: Pemikir Islam Inklusif Tempo.co.id Retrieved 9-9-2017. 7. ^Kisah Djohan Effendi, Ahmadiyah dan A. Hassan arrahmah.com Retrieved 9-9-2017. 8. ^Assyaukanie, Luthfi. Islam and the Secular State in Indonesia. (2009) ISEAS. 6 : 1939 births|2017 deaths|20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam|Indonesian Ahmadis|National Awakening Party politicians|People from South Kalimantan |
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