| 词条 | Zhang Chunqiao |
| 释义 |
|name=Zhang Chunqiao |image=File:1967-07 1967年4月20日北京市革命委员会成立 张春桥-上海革委会主任.jpg |birth_date={{birth date|1917|2|1|df=y}} |birth_place=Heze, Shandong, China |death_date={{death date and age|2005|4|21|1917|2|1|df=y}} |death_place=Beijing, People's Republic of China |death_cause=Pancreatic cancer }}{{Chinese|s=张春桥|t=張春橋|p=Zhāng Chūnqiáo|w=Chang1 Ch'un1-ch'iao2|mi={{IPAc-cmn|zh|ang|1|-|ch|un|1|q|iao|2}}|order=st}} Zhang Chunqiao ({{zh|c=张春桥}}; 1 February 1917 – 21 April 2005) was a prominent Chinese political theorist, writer, and politician. He came to the national spotlight during the late stages of the Cultural Revolution, and was a member of the ultra-Maoist group dubbed the "Gang of Four". BiographyBorn in Juye County, Shandong, Zhang worked as a writer in Shanghai in the 1930s and became closely associated with the city. After the Yan'an conference in 1938, he joined the Communist Party of China. With the creation of the People's Republic of China, he became a prominent journalist in Shanghai in charge of the Liberation Daily newspaper. He met Jiang Qing in Shanghai and helped to launch the Cultural Revolution. Zhang first came to prominence as the result of his October 1958 Jiefang ("Liberation") magazine entitled “Destroy the Ideas of Bourgeois Legal Ownership.” Mao Zedong ordered the reproduction of the article in People’s Daily, and personally wrote an accompanying “Editor’s Note” giving the article his own mild approval.[1] He was seen as one of Mao Zedong's full supporters as Mao became involved in an ideological struggle with rival leader Liu Shaoqi. In November 1966, at the outset of the Cultural Revolution, Zhang arrived in Shanghai representing the Central Cultural Revolution Group to stop Cao Diqiu's attempt to disperse workers in Anting. He signed the Five-point Petition of workers and then organized the Shanghai Commune along with Wang Hongwen and Yao Wenyuan in February 1967, essentially overthrowing the local government and party organization and becoming chairman of the city's Revolutionary Committee, which combined both the former posts of mayor and party secretary, until the latter post was restored in 1971. Zhang also initially served as one of the leaders of the Cultural Revolution Group, in charge of carrying out the Cultural Revolution around China. He spent much of the Cultural Revolution shuttling between Beijing and Shanghai. In April 1969 he joined the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and in 1973 he was promoted to the Politburo Standing Committee, a council of top Communist leaders. In January 1975 Zhang became the second-ranked Vice Premier and he wrote "On Exercising All-Round Dictatorship Over the Bourgeoisie" to promote the movement of studying the theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat; Deng Xiaoping was the first-ranked Vice Premier at the time, but Deng was out of office again in 1976. He was arrested along with the other members of the Gang of Four in October 1976, as part of a conspiracy by Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian and newly anointed party leader Hua Guofeng. Zhang was sentenced to death with a two-year reprieve, together with Jiang Qing, in 1984, but his sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment, and in December 1997 the sentence was further reduced to eighteen years. In 1998, Zhang was released from prison to undergo medical treatment. He then lived in obscurity in Shanghai for the remainder of his life. Zhang died from pancreatic cancer in April 2005.[2] Notes1. ^Chang, Parris H., Power and Policy in China, 2nd Edition, The Pennsylvania State University Press (University Park: 1978), p. 100, and n21-22. 2. ^http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4533401.stm References
|-{{s-bef|before=Deng Xiaoping}}{{s-ttl|title=First-ranking Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China|years=1976}}{{s-aft|after=Li Xiannian}} |-{{s-ppo}}{{s-bef|before=Chen Pixian Vacant since 1967}}{{s-ttl|title=Secretary of the CPC Shanghai Committee|years=1971–1976}}{{s-aft|after=Su Zhenhua}} |-{{s-mil}}{{s-bef|before=Li Desheng Vacant since 1970}}{{s-ttl|title=Director of the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army|years=1975–1976}}{{s-aft|after=Wei Guoqing Vacant until 1977}} |-{{s-end}}{{10th Politburo of the Communist Party of China}}{{9th Politburo of the Communist Party of China}}{{Shanghai leaders}}{{Cultural Revolution}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Zhang, Chunqiao}} 16 : 1917 births|2005 deaths|Politicians from Heze|Anti-revisionists|Maoist theorists|People of the Cultural Revolution|Mayors of Shanghai|Deaths from cancer in the People's Republic of China|Communist Party of China politicians from Shandong|Gang of Four|People's Republic of China politicians from Shandong|Chinese politicians convicted of crimes|Members of the 10th Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China|Members of the 9th Politburo of the Communist Party of China|Deaths from pancreatic cancer|Chinese Marxists |
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