| 词条 | Draft:SS Lamoricière | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Lamoricière was a French passenger liner operated by the Compagnie_Générale_Transatlantique. It was named after the French General Christophe Léon Louis Juchault de Lamoricière. The ship had been built in the Newcastle yards of Swan Hunter in 1920 as an oil-burning steamship. However in 1940, due to war conditions, the ship was altered to coal burning which reduced its speed dramatically from 17 knots to only 10 knots. The cabin configuration at launch was six deluxe suites, 106 first class berths, 116 second class berths and 132 third class berths with the proposed route being Algiers-Marseille. There was hold capacity of 2,100 cubic metres. On its final voyage the ship was captained by Captain Joseph Milliasseau (born in 1893), who had joined the service of the company in 1922. He had captained the ship since 1937 and had been crew on the ship since 1929. For his services in the First World War he had been made a chevalier de la Légion d'honneur in 1921. The Lamoricière sank on Friday the January 9, 1942, during a severe storm while en route from Algiers to Marseille from which it had sailed at 17.00 hours on the 6th of January 1942. The ship was carrying 272 passengers (of which 88 were military personnel) and 122 crew members, and a cargo of 330 tonnes, principally of vegetables, on its final voyage. The Lamoricière,[1] sank in unclear circumstances near the Balearic Islands. The ship had gone to the rescue of a French freighter in distress, the Jumieres, but by the time it arrived at the site the freighter had sunk taking all its 20 crew with it. Around midday on the 8th of January the ship passed between the two principal Balaeric Islands and started heading towards Marseille. The increasing savage storm, with winds at Force 7 on the Beaufort scale, was complicated further by Lamoricière running low on coal (which was also of poor quality). The stokers were burning furniture to augment the little fuel that remained. This meant that the ship was without the ability to reach port on the nearest land, which was Menorca. Eventually the ship developed a list, water started entering via the portholes, flooding the engine rooms (at 18.00 hours) and immobilising the generators and pumps (21.00 hours). Attempts were made to shift the deck-cargo to rebalance the ship but this failed. At 11 am the order to abandon ship was given, but due to the list the starboard lifeboats could not be launched. One of the first boats to be launched was snagged and its occupants were thrown into the sea. In this boat were also 16 children from Centre Guynemer and two Red Cross nurses. Of these only two children were saved. At 12.35, the ship sank at 40°00N – 04°22E. The few survivors were picked up by the Gueydon (55 survivors), the Chanzy (25 survivors) and the Impétueuse (12 survivors) Amongst the victims of the disaster (there were 212 passenger and 80 crew fatalities and only 93 survivors) were the famed Polish cryptographers Jerzy Różycki (travelling under a pseudonym), Piotr Smoleński and Capt. Jan Graliński, of the prewar Polish Cipher Bureau's Russian section, and a French officer accompanying the three Poles, Capt. François Lane. Captain Milliasseau went down with the ship. A subsequent lawsuit in the 1950s established that the sinking was 4/5ths due to the storm and one fifth due to the unseaworthiness of the ship. This apportioning of blame, and hence damages, is called the Lamoricière Principle. [2] The remains of the Lamoricière were found at a depth of 156 metres some 10 kilometres northeast of Menorca in 2008 by a team of Spanish and Italian divers. ReferencesCaptain Milliasseaul[https://www.nytimes.com/1942/01/10/archives/french-liner-sinks-in-mediterranean-heavy-loss-of-life-feared-in.html Lamoricière sinking reported in New York Times] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5Yil-7d-wA4C&pg=PA72&lpg=PA72&dq=lamoriciere+sinking&source=bl&ots=4Uv7sOc8vt&sig=ACfU3U3BBf97SnDjD1UWM-u8h5DOH8S3mg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwzKGDp4fhAhUVRxUIHUCXCDYQ6AEwDnoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=lamoriciere%20sinking&f=false The Lamoricière Principle] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UjNmjwZg1tkC&pg=PT30&lpg=PT30&dq=Le+Gueydon,+le+Chanzy+et+l%E2%80%99Imp%C3%A9tueuse&source=bl&ots=C9bvXRmi-d&sig=ACfU3U2EJhLwQD3RBg4efgOGMw06h2S60g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiClNaOsIfhAhWuQxUIHYl4AMgQ6AEwAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=Le%20Gueydon%2C%20le%20Chanzy%20et%20l%E2%80%99Imp%C3%A9tueuse&f=false Report of the sinking] {{DEFAULTSORT:Lamoricière}}Category:1920 shipsCategory:Passenger ships of FranceCategory:Ships of the Compagnie_Générale_TransatlantiqueCategory:Maritime incidents in 1942 |
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