| 词条 | Battle of Veii |
| 释义 |
|image= |caption= |conflict=Battle of Veii |partof=the Roman-Etruscan Wars |date=c. 396 BC |place=Veii, near Rome |result=Decisive Roman victory |combatant1=Roman Republic |combatant2=Veii (Etruscan city) |commander1=Marcus Furius Camillus |commander2= |strength1= |strength2= |casualties1= |casualties2= }}{{Campaignbox Rome's Early Italian Campaigns}}{{Campaignbox Wars of Etruscan Rome}} The Battle of Veii, also known as the Siege of Veii,[1] is a battle of ancient Rome, approximately dated at 396 BC. The main source about it is Livy's Ab Urbe Condita. The Battle of Veii was a battle between the Romans, who were led by Marcus Furius Camillus who had been elected dictator, and the Etruscan city of Veii. Veii had engaged the Romans in a long and inconclusive war during which it had often been under siege. In order to break the siege once and for all, a tunnel was constructed by the Romans beneath the city. While this was occurring, Camillus attacked the city on all sides so as to distract the soldiers and residents of Veii from the tunnel construction by forcing their soldiers to defend the walls. The Romans then emerged from the entrance of the tunnel and the Roman forces quickly overwhelmed Veii. The SiegeThe Romans were led by Marcus Furius Camillus elected dictator (in the Roman Republic, this was an emergency general rather than a tyrant) after Rome had suffered defeats. Their opponent, the Etruscan city of Veii was a large city about 16 km (10 miles) from Rome. Veii had engaged the Romans in a long and inconclusive war during which it had often been under siege. In order to break the siege once and for all, a tunnel was reputedly built beneath the city. Livy describes the scene with the Veientines holed up in their city, the main Roman force encamped outside and a second force set to attack from within via the tunnel. After Camillus had taken the auspices, he had uttered the following prayer:
Relying on the superior size of the Roman army, Camillus attacked the city on all sides. The intent of Camillus' attack was to distract the Veientines from the mine by forcing their soldiers to defend the walls. The Veientines wondered "what had happened to make the Romans, after never stirring from their lines for so many days, now run recklessly up to the walls as though struck with sudden frenzy".{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} As the unsuspecting Veientines rushed to defend their walls from the suddenly frantic Roman army, the Romans entered the tunnel. At this time, the Romans emerged from the entrance of the tunnel inside the temple of Juno and the forces inside and out quickly overwhelmed Veii. After the fighting slackened, Camillus offered to spare the unarmed who began to surrender as the soldiers gathered loot. The wealth so impressed Camillus that he gave a speech, during which he turned and stumbled which was seen to be an omen of his later condemnation and the sack of Rome, the latter of which followed a few years later after the Battle of the Allia. The male population of Veii was slaughtered and the women and children enslaved. The city was subsequently repopulated by Romans. References1. ^Michael Grant, The History of Rome, p. 42 Bibliography
6 : Battles involving the Roman Republic|396 BC|Battles involving the Etruscans|4th century BC in the Roman Republic|390s BC conflicts|Veii |
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