| 词条 | Feministische Organisation von Planerinnen und Architektinnen |
| 释义 |
Feministische Organisation von Planerinnen und Architektinnen (Feminist Architects and Planners Organisation or FOPA) is an organisation working to address gender issues in the built environment generally and among professionals active in this field. HistoryThe group was founded in 1981 in Germany, initially as a protest action in response to the under-representation of women in Berlin's Internationale Bauaustellung (International Building Exhibition or IBA, 1979-1987).[1] After initially "hijacking" official IBA meetings, the group formally established itself a short time later in Berlin, and later expanded to other German cities, developing a strong and influential voice for gender equality, in particular throughout the 1980s and 1990s.[2] Independent regional chapters were established in Dortmund (1985), Hamburg, Bremen, Kassel (1983) and Rhein-Main (Frankfurt). An 11-point charter, titled "Principles for a new spatial order" ({{lang|de|Grundlagen für eine neue räumliche Ordnung}}) and advocating an aspirational planning and development approach based on equal civil, political, economic, cultural and social rights for men and women, was produced as a result of the 1991 European Women Planners Conference in Berlin.[3] The Berlin Charter was published in a special edition of the group's yearly magazine Freie.Räume a short time later. Active members over time have included Veronika Keckstein, {{Interlanguage link multi|Kerstin Dörhöfer|de}}, Ellen Nausester, {{Interlanguage link multi|Marianne Rodenstein|de}} and {{Interlanguage link multi|Sabine Pollak|de}}. Aims and activitiesFOPA's goals include: to develop and promote feminist positions in architecture, planning and environmental and construction industry politics; to address gender discrimination against women in the field; to increase women's involvement in planning and development, under the broader aim to change the spatial-built environment for the interests of women and the women's movement. Between 1983 and 2004, FOPA published the magazine FREI.RÄUME (free spaces) on the subject of feminist theory and practice in the planning, design, architecture and building. The magazine title (Frei.Räume Streitschrift) is itself a play on words that reflects the creators' agenda: merging the German words "Streiten", meaning "to fight", and "Zeitschrift", magazine. The group has also held numerous exhibitions, conferences and seminars. Exhibitions, seminars and conferences
PublicationsFreiRäume Series[5]
Other projects
Under pressure from FOPA, the IBA held a design seminar in 1986 with the aim of addressing the male gender bias in development plans for Berlin, both in terms of limited female participation as designers and a lack of women-specific objectives in the design process. As a result, three female architects, Zaha M. Hadid, Christine Jachmann und Myra Warhaftig, were commissioned to design three of six social housing complexes. All three projects were commissioned by state-run social housing provider DeGeWo. The Hadid building, at Stresemannstraße 109, was the architect's first realised project.
Related organisations
Further reading
References1. ^{{cite web |title=Spatial Agency |url=http://www.spatialagency.net/database/why/political/womens.organisations |website=Spatial Agency |accessdate=8 November 2015}} 2. ^{{cite book |last1=Awan |first1=Nishat |last2=Schneider |first2=Tatjana |last3=Till |first3=Jeremy |title=Spatial Agency: Other Ways of Doing Architecture |date=2011 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-57193-6}} 3. ^{{cite journal|title=Special edition: 1992/93, Raum greifen und Platz nehmen|journal=FreiRäume|date=1993|issue=5|pages=226–230}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=FOPA Dortmund: Unsere Arbeit|url=http://www.fopa-dortmund.de/Verein/fopa.html|website=FOPA Dortmund website|accessdate=8 November 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=FOPA website|url=http://www.fopa.de/?page_id=7|website=FOPA website|accessdate=8 November 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Dokumentation|url=http://www.frauenwohnprojekte.de/index.php?id=frauengerechte&no_cache=1&tx_p2fwp_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=64|website=frauenwohnprojekte.de/|accessdate=9 November 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=FOPA Dortmund website: Unsere Arbeit|url=http://www.fopa-dortmund.de/Verein/fopa.html|website=FOPA Dortmund website|accessdate=8 November 2015}} 4 : Architecture organizations|Feminist art organizations|Gender equality|Non-profit organisations based in North Rhine-Westphalia |
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