“1908 and 1909 United States Senate elections”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The United States Senate elections of 1908 and 1909, some states elected their senators directly even before passage of the 17th Amendment in 1913. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election. The Republicans lost two seats overall.

Results summary

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

Result of the general elections

Race summaries

Special elections during the 60th Congress

In this election, the winner was seated during in 1908 before March 4; ordered by state.

In this election, the winner was elected two years early, to be seated in the 62nd Congress starting March 4, 1911.

Races leading to the 61st Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1909; ordered by state.

Elections during the 61st Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1909 after March 4; ordered by date.

New York

The election was held on January 19, 1909, by the New York State Legislature. Republican Thomas C. Platt had been re-elected to this seat in 1903, and his term would expire on March 3, 1909. At the State election in November 1908, 35 Republicans and 16 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1909–1910) in the state senate; and 99 Republicans and 51 Democrats were elected for the session of 1909 to the Assembly. The 132nd New York State Legislature met from January 5 to April 30, 1909, at Albany, New York.

The Republican caucus met on January 18. State Senator J. Mayhew Wainwright presided. The caucus nominated U.S. Secretary of State Elihu Root unanimously. Root was the choice of President Theodore Roosevelt. President pro tempore of the State Senate John Raines lauded warmly Root's nomination, eulogized the retiring U.S. Senator Platt, and declared war on Governor Charles Evans Hughes's reforms.^[9] The Democratic caucus met also on January 18. They nominated Ex-Lieutenant Governor Lewis S. Chanler unanimously. Chanler had been elected lieutenant governor in 1906 on the Democratic/Independence League ticket, and had served under Republican governor Hughes. Chanler had just been defeated when running against Hughes for governor in November 1908.^[9]

Elihu Root was the choice of both the Assembly and the state senate, and was declared elected.^[10]

Note: The votes were cast on January 19, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 20 to compare nominations, and declare the result.

Pennsylvania

The regularly-scheduled general election in Pennsylvania was held January 19, 1909. Boies Penrose was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly. This was the last Class III U.S. Senate election to be decided by the Pennsylvania General Assembly before the ratification of the 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which mandated direct election of U.S. Senators.^[11]

The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 19, 1909, to elect a senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1909. Incumbent Republican Boies Penrose, who was elected in 1897 and re-elected in 1903, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:

Pennsylvania (Special)

A special election was held March 16, 1909. George T. Oliver was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.^[12]

Following Knox's resignation, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on March 16, 1909, to elect a new senator to fill the vacancy. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:

See also

Notes

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²{{cite news | publisher=The New York Times | page=3 | date=January 20, 1909 | title=ELECTIONS IN OTHER STATES | url=http://nyti.ms/2dYOt3Y}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²¹³{{cite news | publisher=The New York Times | page=3 | date=January 20, 1909 | title=NAME CHAMBERLAIN AS OREGON SENATOR | url= http://nyti.ms/2eeo1P2}}
3. ^¹{{cite news | publisher= The New York Times | page=5 | url=http://nyti.ms/2dYmpOg | title=Perkins of California Re-elected. | date=January 13, 1903}}
4. ^{{cite news | publisher=The New York Times | page=3 | date=January 20, 1909 | title=HOPKINS FAILS IN ILLINOIS. | url= http://nyti.ms/2e2Ms6Z}}
5. ^"James H. Hemenway" in source, probably "James A. Hemenway."{{sfn | Tribune Almanac (1910) | page=271}}
6. ^{{cite news | publisher=The New York Times | date=May 20, 1900 | title=Senator McEnery Succeeds Himself. | page=2 | url=http://nyti.ms/2e8gHsX}}
7. ^{{cite news | publisher=The New York Times | page=3 | date=January 20, 1909 | title=ROOT IS CHOSEN SENATOR. | url= http://nyti.ms/2e2Mk7v}}
8. ^{{cite book | last = Walters | first = Everett | title = Joseph Benson Foraker: An Uncompromising Republican | year = 1948 | publisher = The Ohio History Press | location = Columbus, Ohio | pages = 283–284 }}
9. ^¹{{cite news | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1909/01/19/101861791.pdf | title=ROOT IS CHOSEN FOR U.S. SENATOR; ...Democrats Choose Chanler | publisher=The New York Times | date=January 19, 1909}}
10. ^{{cite news | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1909/01/20/101862046.pdf | title=ROOT IS CHOSEN SENATOR | publisher=The New York Times | date=January 20, 1909}}
11. ^¹{{cite web|title=U.S. Senate Election - 19 January 1909|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1909P.pdf|publisher=Wilkes University|accessdate=December 22, 2013}}
12. ^¹{{cite web|title=U.S. Senate Election - 17 March 1909|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1909O.pdf|publisher=Wilkes University|accessdate=December 24, 2012}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=KNOX, Philander Chase, (1853 - 1921)|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000296|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=December 24, 2012}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=PA US Senate - Special Election|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345431|publisher=OurCampaigns|accessdate=December 24, 2012}}

References

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