请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Beach party film
释义

  1. Nomenclature

  2. AIP's creation of the genre

     Precursors and inspiration 

  3. The AIP "formula"

     Music geared to a teenage audience  Teen freedom, fun, and sexuality  "Frankie & Annette"  Success 

  4. The complete AIP series

  5. AIP casts

     Stock actors  Comedic guest stars  Recurring cast and guest stars  Musical guest stars 

  6. Contributions to the genre by other studios

  7. Major studios

     Columbia Pictures  Twentieth Century-Fox  Paramount Pictures  Warner Bros.  Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer  United Artists  Universal Studios 

  8. Independent studios

  9. Musical stars of the genre

  10. End of the genre

  11. Legacy

  12. Influence on popular culture

     Mad magazine  Television  Music  Film 

  13. See also

  14. Notes

  15. References

  16. Bibliography

Beach party movies were an American subgenre of feature films produced and released between 1963 and 1968, created by American International Pictures (AIP), beginning with their surprise hit, Beach Party in July 1963. With this film, AIP is credited with creating the genre.[1][2][3] In addition to the AIP films, several contributions to the genre were produced and released by major and independent studios alike. According to various sources, the genre comprises over 30 films,[4][5][6] with the lower-budget AIP films being the most profitable.[7]

Generally comedies, the core elements of the AIP films consisted of a group of teenage and/or college-age characters as heroes; non-parental adult characters as villains and/or comic relief; simple, silly storylines that avoided any sober social consciousness; teen trends and interests (such as dancing, surfing, drag racing, custom cars, etc.); simple romantic arcs, original songs (presented in both the musical genre style and as "source music"); teen-oriented musical acts (frequently performing as themselves); and a tongue-in-cheek attitude toward the target audience.

The earliest films by AIP, as well as those by other studios, focused on surfing and beach culture. Although the genre is termed "beach party film",[4][5][6] several subsequent films that appeared later in the genre, while keeping most of the core elements mentioned above, do not actually include surfing – or even scenes on a beach.

Nomenclature

One of the earliest uses of the term in print is found several times in the June 1965 issue of Mad magazine in an article written by Larry Siegel.[8] Commentators on the genre have used this term as well.[9][10][11][12] The term "beach party film" is distinguished from a "surf film" or "surf movie" in that the former refers to the comedies of the 1960s, whereas the latter terms refer to surf documentaries (such as The Endless Summer or Riding Giants),[12] a still-active genre. Occasionally the term "surf movie" refers to a straightforward dramatic film that uses surfing as a backdrop or plot device, such as Big Wednesday or Blue Crush.[13]

AIP's creation of the genre

Precursors and inspiration

Although both Columbia Pictures's Gidget (1959) and Gidget Goes Hawaiian (1961) have been cited as precursors to the genre, in that Gidget "launched surfing into mainstream America,"[14][15] while its sequel merely repeated the effort, AIP had actually established an archetype for Beach Party with 1958's Hot Rod Gang and especially with its 1959 sequel Ghost of Dragstrip Hollow, both written by Lou Rusoff.[16][17] Both films, which were up-front comedies for teenagers, "employed the tried and true formula of a popular trend coupled with romance and music."[16]

Additionally, 1960's Where the Boys Are, from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and perhaps to some degree 1961's now-obscure Gidget imitator, Love in a Goldfish Bowl, from Paramount Pictures, are two films that established a tone of light-hearted adolescent sexuality that would be exploited by AIP in Beach Party.[18]

AIP Producer Sam Arkoff, in his biography, Flying Through Hollywood By the Seat of My Pants, explained that he got the idea for the first Beach Party movie from an unnamed Italian film that he and fellow producer Jim Nicholson screened in Rome in the summer of 1962. Arkoff said that he didn't care much for the Italian production because "there's not enough there that American teenagers can identify with. But the beach is a wonderful setting for a teenage movie. And it doesn't hurt to show girls in skimpy bathing suits." A few days later, Hot Rod Gang / Ghost of Dragstrip Hollow writer Lou Rusoff was assigned to do some research on the beaches of Southern California and by the end of the week, Rusoff was writing the script for Beach Party.[19]

The AIP "formula"

Music geared to a teenage audience

AIP's premiere Beach Party took the Gidget idea, removed the moral lesson and the parents, added more young talent with fewer clothes, and followed the studio's usual format of pandering to teenage moviegoers with popular trends, original songs and music.[20] Although the AIP films are not usually spoken of as 'musicals' in the traditional sense, most of them – as well as their imitators – are the only American cinema musicals (i.e., non-Broadway-based) that were produced in the 1960s, with the exception of the MGM films of Elvis Presley.[21]

Regarding the idea of adding more music – and specifically the kind that attracted a teenage audience – film and music historian Stephen J. McParland writes:

{{cquote|AIP was more concerned with what was happening on the streets rather than what such sanitised copy as Billboard and Cashbox was interested in promoting – and this was obviously reflected in the product the studio was renowned for; AIP was a rebel and in reality, a leader; unlike the monolithic and respected Columbia Pictures Corporation.

[22]}}

Teen freedom, fun, and sexuality

Another key to the success of Beach Party and its many sequels was the theme of teenage freedom, as parental involvement was non-existent. Unlike previous films such as the aforementioned Gidget and Love in a Goldfish Bowl, parental characters do not appear in any of the AIP films, and are rarely mentioned in their plots, if at all.[23][24] This part of the formula was something that appeared to be lost on imitators, as several films of the genre by other studios featured parents as major characters and parental interference as plot points.

The politics and problems of the day, such as the seemingly endless Vietnam War, the political assassinations, the civil rights riots and similar issues were also ignored as these were primarily viewed as problems created by adults, not teenagers. Additionally, these movies were produced as escapism, so the characters in them lived in a world where the focus was on having a good time.[25][26]

The advertising for the films was also fairly suggestive for the time period, promising on the poster much in the way of teenage sex, yet delivering little of it onscreen. For example, Beach Party teased, "It's what happens when 10,000 kids meet on 5000 beach blankets!" while Muscle Beach Party promised, "When 10,000 biceps go around 5,000 bikinis, you know what's going to happen!" Likewise, Ski Party intoned, "It's where the HE'S meet the SHE's on SKIS – and there's only one way to get warm!" Though the clothing for both sexes in the cast was revealing by the standard of the day, the films never featured any sex scenes or nudity.

Occasionally modern critics[27][28] – and even Arkoff himself[29] – have suggested that the so-called "clean teens" in these films didn't smoke or drink, but this appears to be based on recollection rather than observation: Avalon and others smoke in both Beach Party and Muscle Beach Party (the Surgeon General's report on smoking was not released until January 1964), and beer is referenced in several of the AIP films,[30][31] as well as their imitators like 1963's Palm Springs Weekend and 1965's Girl Happy.

AMC's Tim Dirk calls the AIP series a "four year, seven-film 'beach party' continuing series" (yet lists eight films) and describes it as "mostly sexless, antiseptic, and well-groomed antics of beachgoers"[32] – in spite of the fact that the AIP films are overflowing with sexual innuendo both in dialogue and action, as well as seduction, sexual teasing, and even include brief scenes of faking a sexual assault (Beach Blanket Bingo), gender dysphoria / egodystonic sexual orientation (Ski Party) and references to homosexual tendencies (How to Stuff a Wild Bikini), albeit in a comedic setting. In reality, more "sex" was suggested in these films – as well as their posters and trailers – than in anything the studio had previously produced.[6]

"Frankie & Annette"

Arkoff was able to get 1956 Academy-award winner Dorothy Malone (who had appeared in his first picture for AIP, The Fast and the Furious) and the popular Bob Cummings as adult supporting characters, but he needed a couple of names for the lead teenagers. Arkoff already had a working relationship with Frankie Avalon, who had starred in two films for AIP, Panic in the Year Zero and Operation Bikini, and had become a much brighter star than AIP regular, singer/actor John Ashley. Arkoff next made a deal with former Mouseketeer Annette Funicello, whose contract with Walt Disney had a clause stating that she could work in non-Disney films subject to the approval of Disney's legal team. The deal came with one caveat, that Funicello not appear in a bikini (reportedly, Disney himself had to be settled down by Arkoff when he discovered that his subordinates had allowed Funicello to appear in the AIP film at all).[19]

With Avalon and Funicello on board, a shrewd pairing was evident. CinemaEditor magazine summed it up this way:

{{cquote|In Frankie and Annette, teenagers now had their own version of Rock Hudson and Doris Day as the 'bedroom farce' was moved to the beach and made a little younger, a little dumber, and stuffed full of wild music'

[33]}}

Beach Party was able to use Ashley as Avalon's sidekick; picked up Jody McCrea and Eva Six from AIP's own Operation Bikini; and secured "red-hot" surf music pioneer Dick Dale and the Del-Tones (whose second and third albums would be released by Capitol Records in 1963) to bring in their usual demographic.

Success

When Beach Party hit screens in July 1963, it was a huge hit with the first five-day grosses reportedly well ahead its competition, which consisted of the popular concurrently running major studio films Hud, Tammy and the Doctor, The Nutty Professor and The Birds.[34]

{{cquote|When the picture opened ... the theater was flooded with kids. In many cases house records were set, and new AIP gross records were also secured. All of a sudden, theaters began clamoring for prints of Beach Party. A new cycle had begun.

[35]}}

AIP followed up with Muscle Beach Party barely seven months later in March 1964, and Bikini Beach, released only four months after that, was the highest-grossing film in their history – as well as the highest-grossing film of the genre.[36]

The complete AIP series

American International Pictures produced a series of twelve films that fall into the genre.[9][37] With the exception of Sergeant Deadhead, Fireball 500 and Thunder Alley, all were related by recurring characters. For example, much of the cast in Bikini Beach appear in the follow-up Pajama Party, albeit with different names – however, biker Eric von Zipper appears in the film, along with his gang of "Rats," playing the same characters as in two previous films. In addition, Ski Party would appear unrelated, except that the characters of Todd and Craig also appear in the later Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine, which is also linked to How to Stuff a Wild Bikini by the appearance of Eric von Zipper and Annette Funicello.

The only film not to have an appearance of some kind by either Avalon or Funicello is The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini; early promos for the film had announced that the two would appear, but it didn't happen. Funicello does not appear in Avalon's Sergeant Deadhead and Avalon does not appear in Funicello's Thunder Alley.

Release date Film Director Writer(s) Score
1963|8|7}} Beach PartyAsher|William Asher}}Rusoff|Lou Rusoff}}, William Asher, Robert Dillonbax| Les Baxter}}
1964|3|25}} Muscle Beach PartyAsher|William Asher}}Dillon|Robert Dillon}}bax|Les Baxter}}
1964|7|22}} Bikini BeachAsher|William Asher}}Asher|William Asher}}, Robert Dillon, Leo Townsendbax|Les Baxter}}
1964|11|11}} Pajama PartyWeis|Don Weis}}Heyward|Louis M. Heyward}}bax|Les Baxter}}
1965|4|14}} Beach Blanket BingoAsher|William Asher}}Townsend|Leo Townsend}}, Sher Townsend, William Asherbax|Les Baxter}}
1965|6|30}} Ski PartyRafkin|Alan Rafkin}}Kaufman|Robert Kaufman}}hem|Guy Hemric}} & Jerry Styner
1965|7|14}} How to Stuff a Wild BikiniAsher|William Asher}}Asher|William Asher}}, Leo Townsendbax|Les Baxter}}
1965|8|18}} Sergeant DeadheadTaurog|Norman Taurog}}Heyward|Louis M. Heyward}}bax|Les Baxter}}
1965|11|6}} Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine[38]Taurog|Norman Taurog}}Ullman|Elwood Ullman}}, Robert Kaufman, James Hartfordbax|Les Baxter}}
1966|4|6}}{{sort>ghost|Ghost in the Invisible Bikini}}Weis|Don Weis}}Heyward|Louis M. Heyward}}, Elwood Ullmanbax|Les Baxter}}
1966|6|7}} Fireball 500Asher|William Asher}}Asher|William Asher}}, Leo Townsend, Burt Topperbax|Les Baxter}}
1967|3|22}} Thunder AlleyRush|Richard Rush}}Salkowitz|Sy Salkowitz}}curb|Mike Curb}}

AIP casts

Stock actors

As mentioned above, in addition to Avalon and Funicello appearing in nearly every film, AIP employed several newer actors, who were either relatively unknown or on the rise at the time. The following cast members showed up in at least three or more films: John Ashley, Dwayne Hickman, Jody McCrea, Deborah Walley, Bobbi Shaw, Salli Sachse, Luree Holmes, Michael Nader, Valora Noland, Andy Romano, Susan Hart, Jerry Brutsche and Linda Rogers.

Now-famous surfers Mickey Dora and Johnny Fain each appeared in six films of the series, both as extras and as stunt-surfers.[39]

A few actors – such as Fabian, Tommy Kirk, Deborah Walley and Nancy Sinatra – appeared in beach party films made both by AIP as well as from other studios.

Comedic guest stars

The AIP films also used a couple of established comedians more than once. Morey Amsterdam appeared in both Beach Party and Muscle Beach Party as "Cappy," the owner of the beach bar/hangout known as Cappy's Place; and famous insult comedian Don Rickles appeared in no less than four films in a row, starting with Muscle Beach Party, each time as more or less the same character but with a different name. Comedic talent Fred Clark appeared in both Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine and Sergeant Deadhead. Other popular comedians who made at least one appearance included Buddy Hackett and Paul Lynde.

In addition, the AIP films regularly secured the talents of many well-known yet admittedly past-their-prime talents, with Buster Keaton being featured in three films (Beach Blanket Bingo, How to Stuff a Wild Bikini, and Sergeant Deadhead), and Boris Karloff being featured in two films (Bikini Beach and The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini). Other golden-age stars included Vincent Price, Peter Lorre, Elsa Lanchester, Mickey Rooney, Dorothy Lamour, Brian Donlevy, Eve Arden, Cesar Romero, Gale Gordon and Basil Rathbone.

Recurring cast and guest stars

Film Frankie Avalon Annette Funicello Jody McCrea John Ashley Deborah Walley Dwayne HickmanGuest Stars
Beach Party X X X X -- -- Morey Amsterdam
Vincent Price
Muscle Beach Party X X X X -- -- Morey Amsterdam
Peter Lorre
Buddy Hackett
Bikini Beach X X X X -- -- Keenan Wynn
Timothy Carey
Boris Karloff
Pajama Party X X X X -- -- Elsa Lanchester
Buster Keaton
Dorothy Lamour
Beach Blanket Bingo X X X X X -- Paul Lynde
Buster Keaton
Timothy Carey
Earl Wilson
Ski Party X X -- -- X X Robert Q. Lewis
How to Stuff a Wild Bikini X X X X -- X Mickey Rooney
Brian Donlevy
Buster Keaton
Elizabeth Montgomery
Sergeant Deadhead X -- -- X X X Eve Arden
Cesar Romero
Gale Gordon
Fred Clark
Buster Keaton
Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine X X -- -- X X Fred Clark
The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini -- -- -- -- X -- Basil Rathbone
Boris Karloff
Francis X. Bushman
Fireball 500 X X -- -- -- -- Fabian
Chill Wills
Thunder Alley -- X -- -- -- -- Fabian

Musical guest stars

The musical talent that AIP hired was a mixed bag of established artists and those who were about to break. Shimmy sensation Candy Johnson appeared in the first four films (appearing with her band, The Exciters, in the third film, Bikini Beach). Dr. Pepper spokesmodel Donna Loren appeared and sang in four films beginning with Muscle Beach Party. The aforementioned Dick Dale & the Del-Tones appeared in the first two films, and a 14-year-old Stevie Wonder performed in the second and third films. An up-and-coming Nancy Sinatra acts and sings a song in The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini (two months after her hit record "These Boots Were Made For Walking" was released), backed up by the also-yet-to-break Bobby Fuller Four.

Other acts that appeared include James Brown, Lesley Gore, The Hondells, The Kingsmen, The Pyramids and The Supremes.

Contributions to the genre by other studios

All seven of the major studios of the 1960s managed to release at least one film that would later be deemed part of the 'beach party' cycle, either big-budget affairs that they produced themselves, or low-budget knock-offs that they picked up for distribution. With the exception of MGM's Girl Happy (an Elvis Presley vehicle) and United Artists' For Those Who Think Young, none of these were able to duplicate the box-office success of the AIP product.

The beach genre peaked in 1965 with no less than 12 features released that year. (The television sitcom Gidget starring 19-year-old Sally Field as the titular California surfer girl, also premiered in 1965, lasting one season.)

Similar to AIP, other elements sometimes were blended into the mix – horror, science fiction, spy spoof, college melodrama, etc. – however, unlike the AIP movies, none of the following films were sequentially related.

Major studios

Columbia Pictures

Columbia released the mostly surf-less Gidget Goes to Rome in August 1963, and rather than copying what Beach Party had started, the studio released a true "surf drama" in the form of 1964's Ride The Wild Surf, which turned an eye on big wave surfers challenging Waimea Bay – the first surf drama to do so[40] – albeit with the usual Hollywood gloss and fluff.[41] The studio's only true "beach party" film was the low-budget ski-oriented entry, Winter A-Go-Go, released in October 1966.

Twentieth Century-Fox

Twentieth Century-Fox released three films in the genre, starting with what has been called the "first Beach Party ripoff,"[42] with their distribution of the low-budget Surf Party, from Associated Producers, directed by Maury Dexter, only five months later, followed by Del Tenney's now classic The Horror of Party Beach in April of the same year. In August 1965, the studio released a Maury Dexter-directed Lippert production, Wild on the Beach. All of AIP's beach party pictures were full-color and in widescreen format, whereas Fox – a studio that was known for glossy, big budget productions – put out three contributions that were each low-budget affairs, in the standard 1.33:1 format, and in black-and-white.

Paramount Pictures

The aforementioned and rarely screened Love in a Goldfish Bowl, Paramount Pictures' answer to Gidget, (with Tommy Sands and Toby Michaels as knock-off versions of James Darren and Sandra Dee) was released in July 1961. An illustration of a surfer was used in the poster for the film, and a short beach scene was featured in the trailer, nevertheless, the bulk of the action takes place at a lake house in Balboa. However, following the success of Beach Party, Paramount later put out three full-fledged 'beach party' imitations, starting with The Girls on the Beach and Beach Ball, both in 1965, and C'mon, Let's Live a Little in 1967.

Warner Bros.

Warner Bros. was filming Palm Springs Weekend when AIP's Beach Party hit the screens, and although the posters were already on the streets, reportedly the film itself was "re-tooled" to match the style of the AIP hit.[43] Starring Troy Donahue and Stephanie Powers as collegiate types on a group vacation, it was released in November four months after Beach Party. Palm Springs Weekend was the studio's only venture into the genre.

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released three films in the genre – two with college-themed backdrops: the Sam Katzman-produced Get Yourself A College Girl with Mary Ann Mobley and Chad Everett in November 1964, which shared the same clubhouse set with their Fort Lauderdale-based Elvis flick, Girl Happy, released five months later in 1965. Katzman also produced the ambitious When the Boys Meet the Girls in October of the same year.

MGM also bought the film rights to Ira Wallach's Muscle Beach (1959), a satirical novel on Southern-California surf culture. By the time it was finally filmed – and released in 1967 under the new title, Don't Make Waves – it was not so much a beach party film as a bedroom farce with Tony Curtis, Claudia Cardinale, and Sharon Tate as a ditzy beach girl.

United Artists

United Artists released only two films in the genre, the Hugh Benson-produced For Those Who Think Young in June 1964, a college-based comedy with unusually little music; and the critically panned Elvis Presley vehicle, Clambake in December 1967. Identifying itself with the genre, the trailer for Clambake promised "the wildest beach party since they invented the bikini and the beat!"

Universal Studios

Universal Studios released the comedy-drama The Lively Set in 1964 (using the same leads as UA's For Those Who Think Young from four months earlier), then released the two pure comedies directed by Lennie Weinrib: the college-in-the-snow-based Wild Wild Winter in January 1966, and the Malibu-based spy-spoof Out of Sight four months later.

Independent studios

Seven films were produced in the genre that were released without the benefit of major studio backing, most of them either filmed or released in 1965. As with the major studios listed above, none of the following films were sequentially related either.

Dominant Films, which also released H.G. Lewis' Blast-Off Girls and Six Shes and a He, released the obscure Daytona Beach Weekend, featuring Del Shannon, in April 1965. Originally filmed in 16mm at Daytona Beach during Easter weekend, today the film is rare, with no revival screenings or home video releases.

Embassy released the sci-fi Village of the Giants in 1965, starring Tommy Kirk (who appeared in four films in the genre, including two for AIP) as the older brother of kid-genius Ron Howard, who accidentally invents a substance that enlarges living things, with music acts provided by The Beau Brummels and Freddy Cannon.

United Screen Arts released two films in the genre, both in 1965: A Swingin' Summer, a Lake Arrowhead-based outing starring James Stacy, William Wellman, Jr., Quinn O'Hara, Martin West, Mary Mitchell and Raquel Welch; as well as the rarely seen, even-lower-budget, Hawaii-based One Way Wahine, starring Joy Harmon.

U.S. Films released Beach Girls and the Monster in September 1965, starring Jon Hall, Sue Casey and Walker Edmiston as characters in a Malibu-based monster murder-mystery.

According to several sources,[4][6][44] both Trans American's It's a Bikini World and Crown International's Catalina Caper appear to have been filmed in 1965, but neither hit movie screens until 1967, with It's a Bikini World coming out in April and Catalina Caper premiering in December. Catalina Caper is generally cited as 'the last beach party movie,'[4][5][44] although that distinction should probably go to Allied Artists' English-dubbed version of the 1966 Gaumont Czechoslovakian production Ski Fever, released in the U.S. in 1968. Starring Martin Milner, the film received a 1968 Golden Globe nomination for Best Original Song for the Jerry Styner/Guy Hemric composition, "Please Don't Gamble with Love" – the only film in the genre to be nominated for a Golden Globe.

Musical stars of the genre

Like AIP, both the major studios and independents loaded their films with a decent sampling of trendy (and not-so-trendy) pop music acts and stars, who either appeared onscreen as themselves or sang theme songs offscreen. These include:

{{colbegin}}
  • The Animals (It's a Bikini World, Get Yourself a College Girl)
  • The Astronauts (Surf Party, Wild on the Beach, Wild, Wild Winter, Out of Sight)[45]
  • The Beach Boys (The Girls on the Beach)
  • The Beau Brummels (Village of the Giants, Wild, Wild Winter)
  • Russ Bender (Wild on the Beach)
  • Eddie Beram (Thunder Alley)
  • The Bobby Fuller Four (The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini)
  • Donnie Brooks (Get Yourself a College Girl, A Swingin' Summer)
  • James Brown (Ski Party)
  • The Cascades (Catalina Caper)
  • The Castaways (It's a Bikini World)
  • The Crickets (The Girls on the Beach)
  • James Darren (For Those Who Think Young)
  • The Dave Clark Five (Get Yourself a College Girl)
  • Carol Connors (Catalina Caper)
  • Dick Dale (Beach Party, Muscle Beach Party)
  • Bobby Darin (The Lively Set)
  • The Del-Aires (The Horror of Party Beach)
  • Dick & DeeDee (Wild, Wild Winter)
  • Jackie DeShannon (Surf Party; C'mon, Let's Live a Little)
  • Troy Donahue (Palm Springs Weekend)
  • Shelley Fabares (Girl Happy)
  • The Four Seasons (Beach Ball)
  • Connie Francis (Where the Boys Are, When the Boys Meet the Girls)
  • Freddie & The Dreamers (Out of Sight)
  • Freddie Bell & the Bellboys (Get Yourself a College Girl)
  • Gary Lewis & the Playboys (A Swingin' Summer, Out of Sight)
  • The Gentrys (It's a Bikini World)
  • Stan Getz (Get Yourself a College Girl)
  • Astrud Gilberto (Get Yourself a College Girl)
  • Lesley Gore (The Girls on the Beach, Ski Party)
  • Dobie Gray (Out of Sight)
  • Hermans Hermits (When the Boys Meet the Girls)
  • The Hondells (Beach Ball, Beach Blanket Bingo, Ski Party)
  • Jackie & Gayle (Wild on the Beach, Wild, Wild Winter)
  • Jan & Dean (Ride the Wild Surf)
  • Jay & The Americans (Wild, Wild Winter)
  • The Jimmy Smith Trio (Get Yourself a College Girl)
  • The Kingsmen (How to Stuff a Wild Bikini)
  • The Knickerbockers (Out of Sight)
  • Little Richard (Catalina Caper)
  • Donna Loren (Muscle Beach Party, Bikini Beach, Pajama Party, Beach Blanket Bingo, Sergeant Deadhead)
  • Joni Lyman (Winter A-Go-Go)
  • Cindy Malone (Wild on the Beach)
  • Jody Miller (A Swingin' Summer)
  • Mary Ann Mobley (Get Yourself a College Girl)
  • Modern Folk Quartet (Palm Springs Weekend)
  • The Nashville Teens (Beach Ball)
  • Sandy Nelson (Wild on the Beach)
  • The Nooney Rickett 4 (Pajama Party, Winter A-Go-Go)
  • Pat & Lolly Vegas (It's a Bikini World)
  • The Pharaohs (When the Boys Meet the Girls)
  • The Pyramids (Bikini Beach)
  • Frankie Randall (Wild on the Beach)
  • The Reflections (Winter A-Go-Go)
  • The Rhythm Masters (Get Yourself a College Girl)
  • The Righteous Brothers (A Swingin' Summer, Beach Ball)
  • The Rip Chords (A Swingin' Summer)
  • The Routers (Surf Party)
  • Nancy Sinatra (For Those Who Think Young, Ghost in the Invisible Bikini)
  • Sonny & Cher (Wild on the Beach)
  • The Standells (Get Yourself a College Girl)
  • The Supremes (Beach Ball, Dr. Goldfoot & the Bikini Machine)
  • The Toys (It's a Bikini World)
  • The Turtles (Out of Sight)
  • Bobby Vee (C'mon, Let's Live a Little)
  • Bobby Vinton (Surf Party)
  • The Walker Brothers (Beach Ball)
  • Mary Wells (Catalina Caper)
  • Stevie Wonder (Muscle Beach Party, Bikini Beach)
{{colend}}

End of the genre

AIP's Ghost in the Invisible Bikini, which hit the screens in April 1966, was essentially a box-office failure, and AIP immediately switched the focus to stock car racing, a fad that was peaking at the time. Only two months later, they had Fireball 500 with Avalon, Funicello and Fabian ready to go, and by March 1967, their last entry was Thunder Alley with Funicello and Fabian. In the meantime, Paramount released C'mon, Let's Live a Little, and two independent films (which were made a couple of years earlier – see "Contributions to the genre by other studios" above) were released, Trans-American's It's a Bikini World, and Crown International's Catalina Caper.[5][5][44] Before the summer of 1967, the outlaw biker film had become the major genre, of which AIP's own surprise 1966 hit, The Wild Angels (with Peter Fonda, Bruce Dern, and Nancy Sinatra), proved to be the leader. AIP dominated this genre as well, and quickly released the semi-sequel Devil's Angels, followed with The Glory Stompers in 1967, and eight more films in the genre between 1968 and 1971.[46]

Legacy

Video Watchdog's Tim Lucas writes, "the 'Beach Party' movies...spoke the secret cultural language of their day, providing a unique interface between such timely interests as rock 'n' roll, skimpy swimwear, surfing, other surfing movies, the 'Gidget' series, drag racing, motorcycles, MAD magazine, Ed 'Big Daddy' Roth and CAR TOONS magazine, Don Post horror masks, and of course, American International Pictures itself."[11]

In the Encyclopedia of Surfing, Matt Warshaw writes, "The cartoonish beach movies were reviled by surfers in the '60s, embraced in the '80s as ironic camp, then – for some – cherished in the '90s and '00s as silly but likable tokens of a more innocent past."[12]

John M. Miller of Turner Classic Movies writes, "Beach Party and its successors in the series managed to simultaneously chronicle and be a part of a particularly vibrant moment in American popular culture." [47]

Influence on popular culture

The genre has been referenced, parodied and lampooned several times since its beginning. A few notable examples are as follows:

Mad magazine

  • The June 1965 issue of Mad magazine features a five-page satire of the genre entitled, "Mad Visits a Typical Teenage Beach Movie." Several films are referenced both through dialogue and art, as well as beach party cliches, such as thin plotlines, silly pop music, unawareness of controversial subjects and the general similarity between all the films in the genre. This issue hit newsstands in April 1965, the same month as Beach Blanket Bingo and Girl Happy premiered.[48]
  • The January 1966 issue of Mad features a five-page satire of the Grande Dame Guignol genre entitled "Hack, Hack, Sweet Has-Been – or – Whatever Happened to Good Taste?" wherein a mysterious killer is revealed to be "Annette Funnyjello" who is out to put a stop to the encroaching on the beach party movies' monopolization of the industry.[49]

Television

  • The Batman TV series spoofed the beach films and surfing culture in the third-season episode: "Surf's Up! Joker's Under" from 1967. Here, the Joker (Cesar Romero) challenges Batman to a surfing contest. Yvonne Craig, who was also in Gidget, appears as Batgirl.
  • The March 5, 1978 episode (#11.21) of The Carol Burnett Show included a "Late, Late Movie" presentation of "Beach Blanket Boo-Boo," a spoof of 1960s "Beach Party" movies with Steve Martin in the Frankie Avalon role and Burnett as Annette Funicello. The sketch plays on the usual beach party genre cliches, and borrows its climactic plot point from Ride the Wild Surf.
  • On November 18, 1978, Saturday Night Live did an extensive parody sketch of the beach movies entitled "Beach Blanket Bimbo from Outer Space."[50] Bill Murray and Gilda Radner, wearing thick black wigs, imitated the Frankie and Annette characters. John Belushi played biker Eric Von Zipper, and Dan Aykroyd played a curiously effeminate Vincent Price. Guest host Carrie Fisher appeared, dressed in a gold bikini, reprising her Princess Leia character from Star Wars.
  • Catalina Caper (1967) and The Horror of Party Beach (1964) both featured on episodes of movie-mocking series Mystery Science Theater 3000.
  • The "Beach Blanket Bizarro" episode of Sabrina, the Teenage Witch from 2001 also paid homage to the series with Frankie Avalon appearing as himself. Concerned about her plans for a wild spring break weekend in Florida, her aunts use their magical powers to send Sabrina and her friends into the alternative reality of a tame 1960s beach film.
  • Disney's made-for-television Teen Beach Movie premiered on the Disney Channel in July 2013. The TV-movie was dedicated to Annette Funicello who died in the same year. It was followed in June 2015 with a sequel, also made-for-television, Teen Beach 2.

Music

  • Without mentioning a specific film, The B-52's 1978 song, "Rock Lobster" relied on 1960s beach party movie imagery and featured a surf guitar sound, with lyrics referencing '60s dances like the Frug and the Twist, as well as bikinis, surfboards, flippers, flexing muscles, and tanning butter. The song ends with a list of sea creatures, culminating in the fanciful "Bikini Whale," whose name is greeted with a shriek of hysteria from the band's female members.
  • The Revillos 1980 song, "Scuba Boy", also featured 1960s beach movie-influenced lyrics and sounds, with its chorus of "Scuba! Scuba!" and lyrics expressing the lead singer's desire to join her scuba boy "in the deep."

Film

  • Zuma Beach (1978), a made-for-television film about a fading rock star who goes to the beach to get away from it all and winds up getting involved in the lives of the teenage beachgoers.
  • Malibu Beach (1978), from Crown International, is an episodic, surf-and-sex teen comedy-drama that updates the style of the '60s beach films.
  • The End of the Trilogy (1984), a modern send-up of 1960s beach films and 1970s horror movies, revolves around a mad scientist turning surfers into garbage-eating zombies through chemically altered soft drinks.
  • Back to the Beach (1987) is a nostalgic throwback from Paramount Pictures with Avalon and Funicello referencing their original roles and subsequent careers.
  • That Thing You Do! (1996) touches briefly on the phenomenon with the fictional music group The Wonders making an appearance in a beach party movie called Weekend at Party Pier.
  • Psycho Beach Party (2000) is based on the off-Broadway play of the same name, directed by Robert Lee King. Set in 1962 Malibu Beach, this is a parody of beach movies in general and Gidget in particular.

See also

{{Portal|1960s}}
  • Teen film

Notes

1. ^McParland, p. 13
2. ^Chidester, p. 158
3. ^Burns, pp. 46–48
4. ^1 2 3 McParland
5. ^1 2 3 4 Chidester
6. ^1 2 3 Betrock
7. ^Arkoff, pp. 134-135
8. ^Siegel, p. 5
9. ^1 McParland, p. 143
10. ^Arkoff
11. ^1 Lucas
12. ^1 2 Warshaw, Hollywood and Surfing
13. ^{{cite book |last=Warshaw |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Warshaw |title=Surf Movie Tonite! – Surf Movie Poster Art, 1957–2004 |location = San Francisco |publisher=Chronicle Books |year=2005 |isbn=0811848736}}
14. ^Peralta :30:37
15. ^Chidester, p. 113
16. ^1 McParland, pp. 13-14
17. ^Mars: "While Hot Rod Gang vaguely hints at some elements of the beach party format, Ghost of Dragstrip Hollow clearly bridges the stylistic gap between 'juvenile delinquent/hot rod movies' of the 1950s and the 'Frankie/Dee-Dee surfing hi-jinks' of the 1960s drive-in attractions"
18. ^Burns, pp. 47-49
19. ^1 Arkoff, pp. 128–129
20. ^Chidester, p. 158: "Itself an exploitation of the dollars made from Gidget, A Summer Place and Where the Boys Are, Beach Party banked on their popularity but added two crucial ingredients that made these cherry bombs explode: rock 'n' roll combined with teenage junk culture."
21. ^McParland, p. 9
22. ^McParland, p. 26
23. ^McParland, p. 28
24. ^Burns, p. 47
25. ^Burns, pp. 49
26. ^Siegel, p. 7
27. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/29960/frankie-annette-mgm-movie-legends-collection-beach-party-muscle-beach-party-beach-blanket-bingo-thunder-alley-and-more/ | title=Frankie & Annette MGM Movie Legends Collection | first=Paul | last=Mavis | date=August 21, 2007 | publisher=DVD Talk}}
28. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20070721171726/http://www.cathuria.com/bcd/pages/BadCinema_BeachParty.pdf] Bad Cinema Diary: The Beach Party Movie Pages by Bruce V. Edwards, 2001.
29. ^Arkoff, p. 131
30. ^Muscle Beach Party
31. ^Bikini Beach
32. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.filmsite.org/60sintro4.html | title=The History of Film: The 1960s - The End of the Hollywood Studio System - The Era of Independent, Underground Cinema | first=Tim | last=Dirks | publisher=AMC's Filmsite.org}}
33. ^Burns, p. 47
34. ^Arkoff, p. 130
35. ^Betrock, p. 102
36. ^McGee, p. 146-153
37. ^Arkoff, p. 132 "During the 1960s, AIP produced thirteen surf-and-suntan pictures..."
38. ^In November 1966, AIP released Dr. Goldfoot and the Girl Bombs, an Italian spy-spoof film directed by Mario Bava and starring Vincent Price, Fabian, and the Italian comedy team of Franco Franchi and Ciccio Ingrassia. Although the film was styled as a sequel, its content does not place it in the beach party genre (Bentley and McParkland).
39. ^Warshaw, pp. 161, 191
40. ^Peralta :30:00
41. ^Warshaw,Ride the Wild Surf
42. ^McParland, pp. 39
43. ^DVD Talk "Warner Bros. Romance Classics Collection: Palm Springs Weekend" "Palm Springs Weekend is a relatively cheap outing from a major studio, rushed out for late-fall release to cash in on the success of late-summer smash, Beach Party"
44. ^1 2 Burns
45. ^The Astronauts have the distinction of appearing in a total of four films in the genre – more than any other surf band.
46. ^Betrock, pp. 128-147
47. ^Miller
48. ^{{Cite magazine | last = Siegel | first = Larry | title = Mad Visits a Typical Teenage Beach Movie | magazine = Mad | volume = 95 | pages = 5–9 | date = June 1965}}
49. ^{{Cite journal | last = Siegel | first = Larry | title = Hack, Hack, Sweet Has-Been –or– Whatever Happened to Good Taste? | journal = MAD Magazine | volume = 100 | pages = 43–47 | date = January 1966}}
50. ^Saturday Night Live episode {{imdb episode|0694935|Carrie Fisher/The Blues Brothers}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book

|last=Arkoff
|first=Sam
|title=Flying Through Hollywood by the Seat of My Pants: From the Man Who Brought You I Was a Teenage Werewolf and Muscle Beach Party
|publisher=Birch Lane Press
|year=1992
|isbn=1559721073}}
  • {{cite book

|last=McParland
|first=Stephen J.
|title= It's Party Time - A Musical Appreciation of the Beach Party Film Genre
|location = Riverside, California, USA
|publisher=PTB Productions
|year=1994
|isbn=0-9601880-2-9}}
  • {{Cite book

| last = Betrock | first = Alan
| title = The I Was a Teenage Juvenile Delinquent Rock 'n' Roll Horror Beach Party Movie Book – A Complete Guide to the Teen Exploitation Film: 1954–1969
| location = New York
| publisher = St. Martin's Press
| year= 1986
| pages =
| isbn = 0-312-402937 }}
  • {{Cite book

| last1 = Chidester | first1 = Brian
| first2 = Priore | last2 = Domenic
| title = Pop Surf Culture: Music, Design, Film, and Fashion from the Bohemian Surf Boom
| location = Santa Monica
| publisher = Santa Monica Press
| year= 2008
| pages =
| isbn = 1-59580-035-2 }}
  • {{Cite book

| last = McGee | first = Mark Thomas
| title = Fast and Furious: The Story of American International Pictures
| location = Santa Monica
| publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc
| year= 1984
| pages =
| isbn = 0899500919}}
  • {{cite book

|last=Warshaw
|first=Matt
|title=Surf Movie Tonite! – Surf Movie Poster Art, 1957–2004
|location = San Francisco
|publisher=Chronicle Books
|year=2005
|isbn=0811848736}}
  • {{Cite journal

| last = Burns | first = Walter
| title = Song of the Beach: AIP is the Studio Responsible for the Only Successful Musical Series Ever Made in Hollywood
| journal = CinemaEditor Magazine
| volume = 53
| pages =
| date = Fall 2003}}
  • {{Cite journal

| journal = CinemaEditor Magazine
| title = The Finest Form of Flattery: The Beach Party Formula Spawns a Tidal Wave of Musical Mock-ups
| volume = 53
| pages =
| date = Fall 2003}}
  • {{Cite journal

| last = Lucas | first = Tim
| title = Beach Party Tonight
| journal = Video Watchdog
| volume = 69
| pages =
| date = March 2001}}
  • {{Cite journal

| last = Siegel | first = Larry
| title = Mad Visits a Typical Teenage Beach Movie
| journal = MAD Magazine
| volume = 95
| pages = 5–9
| date = June 1965}}
  • {{Cite journal

| last = Siegel | first = Larry
| title = Hack, Hack, Sweet Has-Been –or– Whatever Happened to Good Taste?
| journal = MAD Magazine
| volume = 100
| pages = 43–47
| date = January 1966}}
  • {{Cite encyclopedia

| title = Hollywood and Surfing
| encyclopedia = The Encyclopedia of Surfing
| editor-last = Warshaw
| editor-first = Matt
| pages = 270–271
| publisher = Harcourt, Inc.
| year = 2003
| isbn = 0-15-100579-6 }}
  • {{Cite encyclopedia

| title = Surf movies
| encyclopedia = The Encyclopedia of Surfing
| editor-last = Warshaw
| editor-first = Matt
| pages = 582–584
| publisher = Harcourt, Inc.
| year = 2003
| isbn = 0-15-100579-6 }}
  • {{Cite encyclopedia

| title = Ride the Wild Surf
| encyclopedia = The Encyclopedia of Surfing
| editor-last = Warshaw
| editor-first = Matt
| pages = 506
| publisher = Harcourt, Inc.
| year = 2003
| isbn = 0-15-100579-6 }}
  • {{Cite web

|last = Mars
|first = Mikey
|title = The Music of the Beach Party Movies
|url = http://www.beachpartymoviemusic.com/MusicalScoring.html
|accessdate = 27 October 2010
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100426150717/http://www.beachpartymoviemusic.com/MusicalScoring.html
|archive-date = 2010-04-26
|dead-url = yes
|df =
}}
  • {{Cite web

| last = Miller
| first = John M.
| title = Turner Classic Movies: Beach Party
| url=http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/159331%7c0/Beach-Party.html
| accessdate = 18 June 2011 }}
  • {{Cite video

| people = Stacy Peralta
| title = Riding Giants
| medium = DVD
| publisher = Sony Pictures
| date = 2005 }}
  • {{Cite video

| title = Beach Party
| medium = DVD
| publisher = MGM Home Video
| date = 2003 }}
  • {{Cite video

| title = Muscle Beach Party
| medium = DVD
| publisher = MGM Home Video
| date = 2003 }}
  • {{Cite video

| title = Bikini Beach
| medium = DVD
| publisher = MGM Home Video
| date = 2003 }}
  • {{Cite journal

| title = Beach Blanket Bingo
| journal = Dell Movie Classic
| publisher = Dell Publishing Inc.
| date = July 1965}}{{Film genres}}

2 : Film genres|Beach party films
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/13 16:30:00