“Giovanni Filippo Apolloni”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Giovanni Filippo Apolloni ({{circa}}1620 – 15 May 1688) was an Italian poet and librettist.^[1]{{efn|Walker gives the birth year as {{circa}}1635, but this would have made Apolloni a very young teenager at the time when he was already an established poet and member of the Accademia dei Percossi and only 18 when he was appointed court poet to the Archduke of Austria.^[2]^[3]}} Born in Arezzo, he has sometimes been referred to as "Giovanni Apollonio Apolloni", but the second given name is spurious.^[1] He served as the court poet to Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria at Innsbruck form 1653 until 1659. On his return to Italy he entered the service of Cardinal Volumnio Bandinelli. After Bandinelli's death in 1667 Appolloni was in the service of the Chigi family in Rome and Siena for the rest of his life. He wrote the librettos for a number of operas, the most well-known of which were Antonio Cesti's L'Argia and La Dori, as well as several oratorios and the texts for cantatas by both Cesti and Alessandro Stradella.

Biography

Apolloni was born in Arezzo to a family prominent in the city's history. Little is known about his early life, but according to Carolyn Gianturco in her biography of Alessandro Stradella, Apolloni had been a mercenary before turning to poetry.^[2] In the 1640s he was a member of Accademia dei Percossi in Florence. Founded by Salvator Rosa, its members were composed of the intellectual and artistic elite of the city and included Giacinto Andrea Cicognini, Antonio Cesti, Antonio Abati, and Lorenzo Lippi.^[3] In 1653, on the recommendation of Rosa's patron Cardinal Giancarlo de' Medici, Apolloni was appointed court poet to Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria at Innsbruck. There he produced the libretti for three works by Antonio Cesti: the operas L'Argia (1655) and La Dori (1657) and the courtly entertainment Mars und Adonis (1655). Both L'Argia and Mars und Adonis were performed during the week-long celebrations in November 1655 welcoming Queen Christina of Sweden on her journey to Rome.^[1] For Cesti's opera Orontea, performed in Innsbruck in 1656, Apolloni revised the original libretto by Cicognini and wrote a new prologue involving a debate between Philosophy and Love.{{efn|Cicognini's libretto for Orontea was first performed in Venice in 1649, although there is a debate amongst scholars as to whether Cesti or {{Interlanguage link multi|Francesco Lucio|it}} had composed the music for that version.^[8]}}

In 1659 Apolloni returned to Italy and shortly thereafter entered the service of Cardinal Volumnio Bandinelli (1598–1667) who had been a fellow member of the Accademia dei Percossi. After the death of Bandinelli, he joined the Chigi household in Rome, working first for Cardinal {{Interlanguage link multi|Sigismondo Chigi|it}} and then for Sigismondo's cousin Cardinal Flavio Chigi.^[2] The Colonna and Chigi families, who both had residences in the Piazza dei Santi Apostoli in Rome, had close social, political, and cultural ties with each other. They jointly sponsored the creation of several operas with libretti by Apolloni, including L'Alcasta composed by Bernardo Pasquini and dedicated to Queen Christina. It was through this extended network that Apolloni also began working with Alessandro Stradella.^[4]^[5] In 1672 Flavio and Agostino Chigi formed the Accademia degli Sfaccendati (Academy of the Idlers). Its members were their close associates and all shared an interest in the theatre. They included Apolloni, Queen Christina (patron of the Teatro Tordinona in Rome), Filippo Acciaiuoli (the Tordinona's impresario), Giuliano Capranica whose family ran the Teatro Capranica, and Alessandro Capizucchi. The express purpose of the Sfaccendati was to produce operas to be performed at the Chigi palazzo in Ariccia on the outskirts of Rome. Apolloni and Acciaiuoli co-authored the librettos for two operas which were performed there, Il Tirinto and L'Adalinda. However the high cost of producing operas so far from the center of Rome made L'Adalinda the last of these "country house operas". The last opera for which Apolloni wrote the libretto was La forza d'amore composed by Bernardo Pasquini. A slight pastoral work with only three characters, it was performed in Florence at the Villa di Pratolino in 1679.^[12]

Apolloni stayed in the service of the Chigi family until his death in 1688. His most enduring works remain the two Innsbruck operas he wrote for Antonio Cesti in the 1650s—La Dori and L'Argia. Convoluted semi-comic tales of multiple disguises and mistaken identities, both of them were immensely popular in their day with multiple productions in Italy during Apolloni's lifetime. L'Argia had its first performance in modern times at the Innsbruck Festival of Early Music in 1996 with subsequent performances in Lausanne and Paris.^[6] La Dori has been revived several times in the 20th century, including productions in 1983 at the Spitalfields Festival in London, 1990 at the Mannes College of Music in New York, and 1999 at the Cittadella Musicale in Arezzo.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Works

Operas and other stage works

Oratorios

Cantatas

Notes

References

1. ^¹²Walker, Thomas (2001). "Apolloni, Giovanni Filippo". Grove Music Online. Retrieved 21 June 2016 (subscription required for full access).
2. ^¹²Gianturco, Carolyn (1994). Alessandro Stradella, 1639-1682: His Life and Music, p. 23. Clarendon Press. {{ISBN|0198161387}}
3. ^¹Hoare, Alexandra (2010). "Freedom in Friendship: Salvator Rosa and the Accademia dei Percossi" in S. Ebert-Schifferer, H. Langdon, and C. Volpi (eds.) Salvator Rosa e il suo tempo 1615-1673, pp. 3342. Campisano Editore.
4. ^Glixon, Beth (2011). "Giulia Masotti, Venice, and the Rise of the Prima Donna". Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music, Vol. 17, No. 1. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
5. ^¹²De Lucca, Valeria (Spring 2011). "L'Alcasta and the Emergence of Collective Patronage in Mid-Seventeenth-Century Rome". The Journal of Musicology, Vol. 28, Issue 2, pp. 195–230. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
6. ^Stevens, David (27 October 1999). [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/27/style/27iht-opera.t.html "Rene Jacobs Turns Up a Gem In the Caverns of Baroque Opera : A Rich 'Argia' Unfolds in Paris"]. New York Times. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
7. ^Fortune, Nigel (ed.) (2005). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=otx2HYx3fqcC&pg=PA382 Music and Theatre: Essays in Honour of Winton Dean], 382. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0521619289}}
8. ^Holland, Bernard (22 May 1990). [https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/22/arts/review-opera-a-17th-century-rarity-cesti-s-dori.html "A 17th-Century Rarity, Cesti's Dori"]. New York Times. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
9. ^Pugliaro, Giorgio (2009). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GNAfnygDG_QC&pg=PA358&lpg=PA358 Opera 2009. Annuario dell'opera lirica in Italia], p. 358. EDT srl. {{ISBN|8860404975}}
10. ^¹Kimbell, David R. B. (1994). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=C37Gq2GagZIC&pg=PA164&lpg=PA164 Italian Opera]. p. 164. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0521466431}}
11. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷Reardon, Colleen (2016). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=b9UdDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA253 A Sociable Moment: Opera and Festive Culture in Baroque Siena], pp. 56; 97; 142; 253; 276; 285. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0190496304}}
12. ^Bibliothèque nationale de France. La Circe. Retrieved 24 June 2016 {{fr}}
13. ^{{OCLC|873990402}}
14. ^¹²Casaglia, Gherardo (2005). "Giovanni Filippo Apolloni". Almanacco Amadeus. Retrieved 23 June 2016 {{it}}.
15. ^Pietropaolo, Domenico and Parker, Mary Ann (2011).[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=H-HMDvZjk_UC&pg=PA97 The Baroque Libretto: Italian Operas and Oratorios in the Thomas Fisher Library at the University of Toronto], p. 97. University of Toronto Press. {{ISBN|1442641630}}
16. ^¹²Morelli, Arnaldo (1997). "La circolazione dell'oratorio italiano nel Seicento". Studi Musicali, Anno XXVI, No. 1, pp. 105-18. Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia
17. ^Unless otherwise specified, all entries in this list are sourced from Mechelli, P. (2003). "Giovanni Filippo Apolloni: riflessioni sui testi per le cantate di Cesti" in M. Dellaborra (ed.) La figura e l'opera di Antonio Cesti nel Seicento europeo. Quaderni della Rivista Italiana di Musicologia (abstract)
18. ^¹Early Music Review (August 2006). "Il Nerone", Issue 114, p. 3.
19. ^Unless otherwise specified, all entries in this list are sourced from Servizio Bibliotecario Nazionale (Italian National Library Service). Apolloni Giovanni Filippo