| 词条 | Beatification |
| 释义 |
Beatification (from Latin beatus, "blessed" and facere, "to make") is a recognition accorded by the Catholic Church of a dead person's entrance into Heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in his or her name. Beati is the plural form, referring to those who have undergone the process of beatification. HistoryLocal bishops had the power of beatifying until 1634, when Pope Urban VIII, in the apostolic constitution Cœlestis Jerusalem of 6 July, reserved the power of beatifying to the Holy See.[1][2] Since the reforms of 1983, one miracle must be believed to have taken place through the intercession of the person to be beatified, though the medical investigations of the Church are conducted privately and are therefore subject to speculation about their methods.[3][4] The requirement of a miracle for beatification is waived in the case of someone who died as a martyr.[5] The feast day for a Blessed person is not universal, but is celebrated only in regions where the person receives particular veneration. For instance, Saint Kateri Tekakwitha was especially honored in the United States and Canada during her time as Blessed. The person may also be honored in a particular religious order, diocese, or organization, such as John Duns Scotus among the Franciscans, the Archdiocese of Cologne and other places. Similarly, veneration of Blessed Chiara Badano is particular to the Focolare movement; her case also demonstrates that, contrary to popular opinion, beatification may take place within a relatively short time after a person's death of an individual (for Badano, twenty years). Practices under the PopesPope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) markedly changed previous Catholic practice of beatification. By October 2004, he had beatified 1,340 people, more than the sum of all of his predecessors since Pope Sixtus V (1585–1590), who established a beatification procedure similar to that used today. John Paul II's successor, Pope Benedict XVI, removed the custom of holding beatification rites in the Vatican with the Pope presiding; they now can be held where the subject lived with the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints{{NoteTag|There have been occasions where a Cardinal from the local region was put in place instead.}} designated to preside over the ceremony as Papal Delegate. The Pope himself still can preside, as happened on 19 September 2010, when Benedict XVI beatified John Henry Newman in Cofton Park, Birmingham, on the last day of his visit to the United Kingdom. Benedict XVI also personally celebrated the Beatification Mass for his predecessor, John Paul II, at St. Peter's Basilica, on the Second Sunday of Easter, or Divine Mercy Sunday, on 1 May 2011, an event that drew more than one million people. Cultus confirmationCultus confirmation is a somewhat different procedure, wherein the church recognizes a local cult of a person, asserting that veneration of that person is acceptable. Such a confirmation is more an official sanctioning of folk Catholicism than an active step in a canonization procedure, but the object of the cult may equally be addressed as "Blessed".[6]See also{{Portal|Saints}}
Notes{{NoteFoot}}ReferencesCitations1. ^A. De Meester, Juris Canonici et Juris Canonico-Civilis Compendium Nova Editio, Tomus Tertius, Pars Secunda (Brugis: Desclée de Brouwer et Sii, 1928) pg. 86 (citing the canonist Pope Benedict XIV, De Servorum Dei Beatificatione et Beatorum Canonizatione) 2. ^Beccari, Camillo (1907). "Beatification and Canonization." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Via New Advent. newadvent.org. Accessed 1 Nov 2015. 3. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1562284/Mother-Teresa-miracle-patient-accuses-nuns.html | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Peter | last=Foster |title=Mother Teresa 'miracle' patient accuses nuns | date=5 September 2007 }} 4. ^{{cite news| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12191423 | work=BBC News | title=Pope paves way to beatification of John Paul II |date=14 January 2011 }} 5. ^Sarno, Robert J., "Process of Canonization", Archdiocese of Oklahoma City 6. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/define81.htm |title=Patron Saints Index Definition: Cultus Confirmation |publisher=Catholic-forum.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060714023014/http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/define81.htm |archivedate=14 July 2006 }} Sources{{refbegin}}
External links
4 : Beatifications|Beatified people|Catholic theology and doctrine|Posthumous recognitions |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。