| 词条 | Gray Team |
| 释义 |
| unit_name = The Joint Neurosciences Inspection Team | image = | alt = | caption = | dates = January of 2009 to September 2011 | country = United States | countries = | allegiance = | branch = | type = | role = | size = | command_structure = | garrison = | garrison_label = | nickname = Gray Team | patron = | motto = | colors = | colors_label = | march = | mascot = | anniversaries = | equipment = | equipment_label = | battles = | decorations = | battle_honours = | battle_honours_label = | disbanded = | flying_hours = | website = | current_commander = | commander1 = Colonel Christian Macedonia, MD | commander1_label = | commander2 = | commander2_label = | commander3 = | commander3_label = | commander4 = | commander4_label = | commander5 = | commander5_label = | commander6 = | commander6_label = | commander7 = | commander7_label = | commander8 = | commander8_label = | commander9 = | commander9_label = | notable_commanders = | identification_symbol = | identification_symbol_label = }} The Gray Team, more formally known as The Joint Neurosciences Inspection Team, was the name given to a series of special inspection units commissioned by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to serve as mechanism to help improve the care of American forces serving in Iraq and Afghanistan. Their missions were particularly focused on the “invisible wounds of war” such as traumatic brain injury or post traumatic stress. There were four teams in total between January 2009 and September 2011, composed of service men and women from across the armed services as well as civilian scientist volunteers. Each member of the team was nominated by the various armed services and approved to serve on the team by Admiral Michael Mullen, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.[1] Each Gray Team was commanded by Colonel Christian Macedonia, MD, the Chairman’s medical sciences advisor.[1][3] OriginsAdmiral Michael Mullen assumed the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in August 2007. By that point, there had been numerous reports including print newspaper stories by Gregg Zoroya at USA Today[2][3] and the publication of the RAND Report Invisible Wounds of War[4] criticizing the US military’s weak response to traumatic brain injury and post traumatic stress disorder. Determined to avoid the mistakes made in previous conflicts (Agent Orange, Gulf War Syndrome), he established an office within the Joint Staff to work on these issues giving the experts in this office direct daily access. In 2008, he recruited COL Christian Macedonia to be his Medical Sciences Advisor. They jointly worked on the Gray Team concept and launched the first mission in January 2009.[1] NicknameThe team's name came from the brain's grey matter.[5] Notable membersMembers have included:
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|last1=Hamilton|first1=Jon|title=How A Team Of Elite Doctors Changed The Military's Stance On Brain Trauma|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/10/481568316/how-a-team-of-elite-doctors-changed-the-military-s-stance-on-brain-trauma|website=NPR|publisher=All Things Considered, NPR|accessdate=23 August 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-03-03-brain-trauma-lede_x.htm|title=USATODAY.com - Key Iraq wound: Brain trauma|publisher=}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2008-03-17-tbi_N.htm|title=Col.: DOD delayed brain injury scans - USATODAY.com|publisher=}} 4. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG720.html|title=Invisible Wounds of War|first1=Tanielian|last1=Terri|first2=Jaycox, Lisa|last2=H.|first3=Adamson, David|last3=M.|first4=Burnam, M.|last4=Audrey|first5=Burns, Rachel|last5=M.|first6=Caldarone, Leah|last6=B.|first7=Cox, Robert|last7=A.|first8=D'Amico, Elizabeth|last8=J.|first9=Diaz|last9=Claudia|first10=Eibner|last10=Christine|first11=Fisher|last11=Gail|first12=Helmus, Todd|last12=C.|first13=Karney, Benjamin|last13=R.|first14=Kilmer|last14=Beau|first15=Marshall, Grant|last15=N.|first16=Martin, Laurie|last16=T.|first17=Meredith, Lisa|last17=S.|first18=Metscher, Karen|last18=N.|first19=Osilla, Karen|last19=Chan|first20=Pacula, Rosalie|last20=Liccardo|first21=Ramchand|last21=Rajeev|first22=Ringel, Jeanne|last22=S.|first23=Schell, Terry|last23=L.|first24=Sollinger, Jerry|last24=M.|first25=Vaiana, Mary|last25=E.|first26=Williams, Kayla|last26=M.|first27=Yochelson, Michael|last27=R.|date=1 January 2008|publisher=}} 5. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110921/full/477390a.html?s=news_rss|title=Bombs' hidden impact: The brain war|journal=Nature|first=Sharon|last=Weinberger|date=21 September 2011|volume=477|issue=7365|pages=390–393|via=www.nature.com|doi=10.1038/477390a|pmid=21938046}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/12/magazine/what-if-ptsd-is-more-physical-than-psychological.html|title=What if PTSD Is More Physical Than Psychological?|date=12 June 2016|work=The New York Times}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://mbi.ufl.edu/2016/06/13/how-a-team-of-elite-doctors-changed-the-militarys-stance-on-brain-trauma/|title=How a Team of Elite Doctors Changed the Military's Stance on Brain Trauma » McKnight Brain Institute » University of Florida|publisher=}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Ecological Systems of Combat and Operational Stress: Theoretical Basis for the U.S. Navy Mobile Care Team in Afghanistan|journal = Military Behavioral Health|first1=Justin S.|last1=Campbell|first2=Robert L.|last2=Koffman|date=2 October 2014|volume=2|issue=4|pages=316–326|doi=10.1080/21635781.2014.963761}} 9. ^{{cite journal|title=Psychometric Investigation of the Abbreviated Concussion Symptom Inventory in a Sample of U.S. Marines Returning from Combat|journal = Applied Neuropsychology: Adult|first1=Justin S.|last1=Campbell|first2=Steven|last2=Pulos|first3=F. Jay|last3=Haran|first4=Jack W.|last4=Tsao|first5=Aimee L.|last5=Alphonso|date=4 May 2015|volume=22|issue=3|pages=170–179|doi=10.1080/23279095.2014.891510|pmid=25153983}} 4 : Military medicine in the United States|Military units and formations established in 2009|Medical units and formations of the United States|Military operations of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present) involving the United States |
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