| 词条 | GSAT-18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = GSAT-18 | image = File:GSAT-18.png | mission_type = Communications | operator = INSAT | COSPAR_ID = 2016-060A | SATCAT = 41793 | website = GSAT-18 | mission_duration = Planned: 15 years Elapsed: {{time interval|5 October 2016 20:30|show=ymd|sep=,}} | spacecraft_bus = I-3K[1] | manufacturer = ISRO Satellite Centre Space Applications Centre | launch_mass = {{convert|3404|kg|lb|abbr=on}}[2] | dry_mass = {{convert|1480|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}[2] | dimensions = | power = 6,474 watts[2] | launch_date = {{start-date|5 October 2016}}, ≈20:30 UTC[3] | launch_rocket = Ariane 5 ECA, VA-231[1] | launch_site = Guiana Space Centre ELA-3[1] | launch_contractor = Arianespace[1] | entered_service = | orbit_reference = Geocentric | orbit_regime = Geostationary | orbit_longitude = 74° E | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|35750|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|35822|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} | orbit_inclination = 0.0616° | orbit_epoch = 11 June 2017 01:46:00 UTC[4] | apsis = gee | trans_band = 24 × C band 12 × extended C band 12 × Ku band 2 × Ku beacon | programme = GSAT | previous_mission = GSAT-15 | next_mission = GSAT-9 }} GSAT-18 is an Indian communications satellite. Built by ISRO and operated by INSAT, it carries 24 C-band, 12 extended C-band, and 12 Ku-band transponders. The satellite was launched on 5 October 2016 at approximately 20:30 UTC aboard an Ariane 5 ECA rocket from the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana.[3][5] The launch vehicle inserted the satellite into a geosynchronous transfer orbit, and once in service it will occupy the orbital slot at 74° East longitude.[1][6] The total cost of the satellite and launch services was about {{US$|153 million}}.[7] GSAT-18 was originally scheduled to launch on 12 July 2016 alongside Japan's Superbird-8 satellite, but a shipping mishap which damaged Superbird-8 forced a delay in the launch schedule.[8][9] Arianespace later paired GSAT-18 with Australia's Sky Muster II for a 4 October 2016 launch.[10] The launch was delayed 24 hours to 5 October due to excessively high crosswinds at the launch site.[11] Orbit raising and station keepingOrbit raising operations were made using an on-board LAM and chemical thrusters[2] to place the satellite in the intended geostationary orbital slot.
References{{Portal|Spaceflight}}1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/right-to-information/annual_report-15-16.pdf |title=Annual Report 2015-2016 |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation |format=PDF |page=28 |date=December 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705060034/http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/right-to-information/annual_report-15-16.pdf |archivedate=2016-07-05 |df= }} {{GSAT Satellites}}{{Indian spacecraft}}{{Orbital launches in 2016}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/GSAT-18/files/assets/common/downloads/GSAT%2018%20-%20Brochure.pdf |title=GSAT-18 |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation}} 3. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/10/ariane-5-sky-muster-ii-gsat-18-launch/ |title=Ariane 5 launches Sky Muster II and GSAT-18 |work=NASA Spaceflight |first=Chris |last=Bergin |date=5 October 2016 |accessdate=6 October 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://heavens-above.com/orbit.aspx?satid=41793 |title=GSAT-18 - Orbit |work=Heavens-Above |date=11 June 2017 |accessdate=12 June 2017}} 5. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/india-s-communication-satellite-gsat-18-launched-successfully-116100600381_1.html |title=India's communication satellite GSAT-18 launched successfully |work=Business Standard |agency=Press Trust of India |date=6 October 2016 |accessdate=6 October 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |title=Launch Schedule |work=Spaceflight Now |date=4 October 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005082318/http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ |archivedate=5 October 2016 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 7. ^{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2016/10/05/ariane-5-goes-on-test-run-after-launching-two-satellites/ |title=Ariane 5 goes on test run after launching two satellites |work=Spaceflight Now |first=Stephen |last=Clark |date=5 October 2016 |accessdate=6 October 2016}} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://spacenews.com/japans-dsn-1-military-communications-satellite-damaged-during-transport-to-launch-base/ |title=Japan's DSN-1 military communications satellite damaged during transport to launch base |work=Space News |first=Peter B. |last=de Selding |date=20 June 2016 |accessdate=10 September 2016}} 9. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/deferred-gsat18-awaits-october-launch-at-kourou/article8829906.ece |title=Deferred GSAT-18 awaits October launch at Kourou |work=The Hindu |first=Madhumathi |last=D. S. |date=10 July 2016 |accessdate=10 September 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.arianespace.com/mission-update/sky-muster-satellite-delivered-for-flight-va231/ |title=Sky Muster II comes to French Guiana for launch on Ariane 5 |publisher=Arianespace |date=31 August 2016 |accessdate=10 September 2016}} 11. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bad-winds-delay-isro-s-launch-of-communications-satellite-gsat-18-by-a-day/story-edkq5GVmwYVTBl1t2xxp3M.html |title=Bad weather delays Isro's launch of communications satellite GSAT-18 |work=Hindustan Times |agency=Press Trust of India |date=5 October 2016 |accessdate=5 October 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/update/07-oct-2016/first-orbit-raising-manoeuvre-of-gsat-18-has-been-successffully-carried-out-lam |title=The first orbit raising manoeuvre... |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation |date=7 October 2016 |accessdate=12 June 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/update/08-oct-2016/second-orbit-raising-manoeuvre-of-gsat-18-has-been-successfully-carried-out-lam |title=The second orbit raising manoeuvre... |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation |date=8 October 2016 |accessdate=12 June 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/update/09-oct-2016/third-lam-firing-of-gsat-18-25617-sec-has-been-successfully-completed-october-9 |title=Third LAM firing of GSAT-18... |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation |date=9 October 2016 |accessdate=12 June 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/update/09-oct-2016/orbit-determination-results-third-lam-firing-are-apogee-x-perigee-height-was |title=Orbit Determination results... |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation |date=9 October 2016 |accessdate=12 June 2017}} 3 : GSAT satellites|Spacecraft launched by India in 2016|Ariane commercial payloads |
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