“Hans Rehfisch”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Hans Rehfisch (1891–1960), also known as Hans José Rehfisch or H.J. Rehfisch, was a German playwright, short story writer and film script writer.

Early life

Born to Jewish parents in Berlin, where his father Eugen Rehfisch was a physician, Hans began his career as a successful lawyer before turning his hand to literature and the theatre. He became the most famous German playwright of the 1920s.^[1] Marlene Dietrich made her name as a young actress in Berlin playing the role of Lou in Rehfisch's social satire Duel at the Lido in 1926.^[2]

Together with Erwin Piscator he led the Zentraltheater in 1920, in the Alten Jakobstrasse, Berlin-Mitte.

His most notorious work was probably The Dreyfus Affair (1929) a historical play written in collaboration with Wilhelm Herzog. It was made into a German film (1930), a British film (1931) and plagiarised in a Hollywood film. Rehfisch sued Warner Brothers film studios for using his work in the film The Life of Emile Zola (1937) and though he was awarded damages he did not win a writer's credit on the film.

1930s and 1940s

Rehfisch also published works under the pseudonyms H.G. Tennyson Holmes, René Kestner, Sydney Phillips, Georg Turner-Krebs, José Rehfisch and Georg Turner. He was a freelance writer until March 1933, when he was arrested by the Nazis in Dresden after the premiere of a play called Hauptmann Grisel's Betrayal, a warning of the dangers of National Socialism.^[5]

He was released on the condition that he left the country never to return, so he escaped first to Vienna and then to London, where he worked first as a metal worker,^[6]

While interred at Sefton Internment Camp on the Isle of Man in 1940, Rehfisch directed a modern-dress production of Julius Caesar (see citation 6 above). Once released and in London, together with the philosopher Hermann Friedmann, the journalist Heinz Jaeger (1899-1975) and the former artistic director of the Staatsschauspiel Dresden Karl Wollf (1876-1952), Rehfisch founded The Club 1943,^[8]

a cultural association of German-speaking emigrants. (This was after he left the FGCL or Free German League of Culture).^[9]

In 1944 he edited a symposium On Tyrants: 4 Centuries of Struggle against Tyranny in Germany, published by The Club 1943. Some of his plays written in English were produced in London, for instance G.I. Brides at Sea, which was played at the Granville Theatre of Varieties in Walham Green in July 1946. One of his short stories, titled Guilty Melody, was made into a British film in 1936. In 1938 The Iron Road was written in English by Rehfisch in collaboration with the English screenwriter Rupert Downing,^[10] for a production at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre which opened on 8 October that year. It was commissioned to mark the centenary of the London to Birmingham railway line, and dramatised the trials of George Stephenson who had to build over a swamp, and the effect of the railways on trade and the common man. Directed by Herbert M. Prentice ^[11] it was considered an artistic success but did not transfer to London.^[12]

Return to Germany

After World War II he taught at The New School for Social Research in New York (1947–49), then returned to Germany in 1950 to settle in Hamburg. He made the first of many visits to East Germany in 1957. Rehfisch wrote many successful plays, mostly on the subject of politics, contemporary society and the abuse of power. Wer weint um Juckenack? or Who Cries for Juckenack (1924) was made into a TV film in 1965.^[13]

Rehfisch plays were often forensic in nature, involving the uncovering of truth and often featuring lawyers and judges. He was twice president of the Union of German Stage Writers and Composers (1931–33 and 1951–53). In 1967 his selected works appeared in four volumes, edited by the Eastern German Academy of Arts, Berlin.

Works

In The Dreyfus Affair (1929) Rehfisch used a historical story to denounce militarism and anti-Semitism. It was adapted into a British film, entitled Dreyfus, in 1931. Der Verrat des Hauptmanns Grisel (Captain Grisel's Betrayal) (1932) warned of the approaching fascist dictatorship. His last play, The Boomerang (1960, presented that year at the Leipziger Schauspielhaus) deals with the 1872 trial of A. Bebel and W. Liebknecht. Rehfisch also wrote the novels The Witches of Paris (1951) and Lysistrata’s Marriage (1959). His book about Danton was made into a German film in 1931.^[14]

His greatest success in the postwar period was the antimilitarist "Colonel Chabert" comedy in 1955-56. He also wrote radio plays, and for a time was chairman of the Society for the Exploitation of Literary Copyrights (GELU).

He was co-writer of an experimental American film called Dreams That Money Can Buy. A 1947 feature in colour, it was directed by surrealist artist and dada film-theorist Hans Richter, and produced by Kenneth Macpherson and Peggy Guggenheim. Collaborators included Max Ernst, Marcel Duchamp, Man Ray, Alexander Calder, Darius Milhaud and Fernand Léger. The film won the Award for the Best Original Contribution to the Progress of Cinematography at the 1947 Venice Film Festival.

Personal life

Rehfisch married first Lilli Stadhagen (1917-1938) an Adlerian psychoanalyst. They had two children, the poet Beata Duncan and her brother Tom Rehfisch, before divorcing.^[15] He was then married to Antonie Wald from 1942 until his death in Scuol, Switzerland on 9 June 1960.

Plays

Films

Screenwriter

Books

References

1. ^{{cite book|title=Aliens: German and Austrian writers in Exile|last1=Ritchie|first1=Hamish|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bMQ8HrX-GpkC&pg=PA207&lpg=PA207&dq=hans+josé+rehfisch&source=bl&ots=GOg7POx331&sig=qZbpbRO24D0IEbuSfMxwhLtPE8Y&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwial6HIpIDRAhXGfRoKHfDsA5IQ6AEIZzAR#v=onepage&q=hans%20josé%20rehfisch&f=false}}
2. ^{{cite book|title=Blue Angel: the life of Marlene Dietrich|last1=Spoto|first1=Donald|page=37|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=11mvLfVAC60C&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=Hans+rehfisch+++plays&source=bl&ots=fXITUr8j-_&sig=jC4lR_cYsXVAlvqvarokuZLupdA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQ05uXypvRAhXWcVAKHfF7DBc4ChDoAQhGMAw#v=onepage&q=Hans%20rehfisch%20%20%20plays&f=false}}
3. ^{{cite book|title=Hal Wallace: Producer to the Stars|last1=Dick|first1=Bernard F.|page=52|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8MoeBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA52&lpg=PA52&dq=hans+refisch+plays&source=bl&ots=6BINNoRPKq&sig=1SJFMhtfLTcwNXODIwJoDdcyncU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQlIaGw4jRAhWFjCwKHYpfBZI4ChDoAQghMAI#v=onepage&q=hans%20refisch%20plays&f=false}}
4. ^{{cite book|title=Revising Dreyfus|last1=Katz|first1=Maya B.|page=25|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ba0cAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=The+only+play+in+this+list+is+Les+Loups,+although+the+1931+french+trans-+lation+of+a+German+play+on+the+Affair+was+forced+to+close+down+after+protests+from+the+right-wing+Action+française.+some+of+these+works+incorporate++...&source=bl&ots=dO2ZHl058T&sig=S0RI0Bzo4gFBH6jXuzwvGqCvmeU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjakpjo34fRAhXFCBoKHXzfBQIQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=The%20only%20play%20in%20this%20list%20is%20Les%20Loups%2C%20although%20the%201931%20french%20trans-%20lation%20of%20a%20German%20play%20on%20the%20Affair%20was%20forced%20to%20close%20down%20after%20protests%20from%20the%20right-wing%20Action%20française.%20some%20of%20these%20works%20incorporate%20%20...&f=false}}
5. ^{{cite book|title=Aliens|chapter=Rehfisch in Exile|page=209|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bMQ8HrX-GpkC&pg=PA208&lpg=PA208&dq=der+verrat+hauptmann+grisel+is+a+play+about&source=bl&ots=GOg7SJC20X&sig=mnwTVFSsRbhzvGgbu05k1LRVwOs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiF1r-A2ofRAhVDSBQKHQciClcQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=der%20verrat%20hauptmann%20grisel%20is%20a%20play%20about&f=false}}
6. ^{{cite book|title=Shakespeare and Conflict: A European Perspective|chapter=Amateur Refugees on the Isle of Man|editors=Carla Dente and Sara Sonconi|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q0I-yP65BWoC&pg=PT168&lpg=PT168&dq=rehfisch&source=bl&ots=qmimcwI-hY&sig=H14MJBojcunC8UVMVsNPZs8COn8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjH4a-MzJHRAhUBnhQKHZ5HD8wQ6AEIlQIwIg#v=onepage&q=rehfisch&f=false}}
7. ^{{cite web|work=ajr.org.uk|title=Now it Can be Told|date=Sep 1985|url=http://www.ajr.org.uk/journalpdf/1985_september.pdf}}
8. ^{{cite web|work=AIM25|title=Club 1943: 40th Anniversary Report and Papers|url=http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/vcdf/detail?coll_id=8496&inst_id=104}}
9. ^{{cite book|title=Politics by Other Means: The Free German League|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Politics-Other-Means-Culture-1939-1946/dp/0853038627}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Rupert Downing - IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0236128}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Herbert M. Prentice - IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1656214/}}
12. ^{{cite book|title=German and Austrian Writers in Exile|page=217|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bMQ8HrX-GpkC&pg=PA208&lpg=PA208&dq=der+verrat+hauptmann+grisel+is+a+play+about&source=bl&ots=GOg7SJC20X&sig=mnwTVFSsRbhzvGgbu05k1LRVwOs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiF1r-A2ofRAhVDSBQKHQciClcQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=der%20verrat%20hauptmann%20grisel%20is%20a%20play%20about&f=false}}
13. ^{{cite web|work=IMDB|title=Wer weint um Juckenack|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1707283/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm}}
14. ^{{cite news|work=New York Times|title=The Screen: ...A German Danton|date=7 September 1931|last1=Hall|first1=Mordaunt|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C0CEED6143BEE32A25754C0A96F9C946094D6CF}}
15. ^{{cite web|work=Ham & High|title=Tributes to Belsize Park Poet|url=http://www.hamhigh.co.uk/home/tributes_paid_to_belsize_park_poet_and_performer_1_4079932}}