| 词条 | Beckley, West Virginia |
| 释义 |
| official_name = City of Beckley, West Virginia | settlement_type = City | nickname = | motto = The Gateway to Southern West Virginia | image_skyline = Beckley Main Street.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Main Street in downtown Beckley in 2007 | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = File:Raleigh County West Virginia Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Beckley Highlighted.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Location of Beckley in Raleigh County, West Virginia. | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = West Virginia#USA#North America |pushpin_label = Beckley |pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Virginia | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = West Virginia | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Raleigh | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Rob Rappold[1] | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | established_title = | established_date = | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = [2] | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 24.63 | area_land_km2 = 24.61 | area_water_km2 = 0.03 | area_total_sq_mi = 9.51 | area_land_sq_mi = 9.50 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.01| population_as_of = 2010 | population_est = 16404 | pop_est_as_of = 2017 | pop_est_footnotes = [3] | population_footnotes = [4] | population_total = 17614 | population_density_km2 = 666.67 | population_density_sq_mi = 1726.74 | population_metro = 123,373 (US: 317th) | timezone = Eastern (EST) | utc_offset = -5 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = -4 | elevation_footnotes = [5] | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = 2421 | coordinates = {{coord|37|46|41|N|81|11|17|W|region:US-WV|display=inline,title}}[5] | postal_code_type = ZIP codes | postal_code = 25801, 25802, 25926 | area_code = 304 and 681 | blank_name = FIPS code | blank_info = 54-05332 | blank1_name = GNIS feature ID | blank1_info = 1553831[3] | website = http://www.beckley.org/ | footnotes = }}Beckley is a city in and the county seat of Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. It was founded on April 4, 1838.[4] Beckley was named in honor of John James Beckley, who was the first Clerk of the House of Representatives and the first Librarian of Congress. It was founded by his son Alfred Beckley (US Army general and Confederate militia commander. The current mayor is Rob Rappold.[5] HistoryAlthough founded in 1838, Beckley existed only on paper at that time, "Alfred Beckley said he "was frequently jeered and laughed at for his Paper Town..."[6] Early in its history, the town was known as Beckley, Raleigh Court House, and, occasionally, Beckleyville. The town was originally located in Fayette County, Virginia. In 1850 the act of the Virginia legislature creating Raleigh County named Beckley the county seat. The city is sometimes called the "Smokeless Coal Capital", "The City of Champions" and the "Gateway To Southern West Virginia."{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} Beckley had the first "community antenna" television system in the United States, a forerunner of cable television.{{citation needed|date = June 2013}} During the presidential primaries of 1960, the vehicles of rivals John F. Kennedy and Hubert Humphrey stopped at the same streetcorner in Beckley. Recognizing each other, the two men got out and chatted briefly.[7] Geography and climateAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|9.50|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|9.49|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.01|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.[8] Due to its elevation, the climate of Beckley is humid continental (Köppen Dfb), and the city straddles the border between USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 6B and 7A.[9] Summers are warm and humid, usually a few degrees cooler than lower-elevation places within the state, with an average of only 1.2 days of a maximum at or above {{convert|90|°F|0}} annually. Winters are generally cold and snowy with occasional intervening milder periods and an average of 2.4 nights annually with a minimum of {{convert|0|°F|0}} or lower.[14] Normal monthly daily mean temperatures range from {{convert|31.1|°F|1}} in January to {{convert|70.6|°F|1}} in July.[14] Snowfall varies with an average of {{convert|62|in|cm|0}}[14] per season and mostly occurs from December to March with an occasional snowfall in November of (usually) {{convert|2-3|in|cm|0}}. Record temperatures range from {{convert|−22|°F|0}} on January 21, 1985, up to {{convert|103|°F|0}} on July 21 and August 11, 1926;[14] the extreme coldest daily maximum was {{convert|−3|°F|0}} on February 13, 1899, while, conversely, the extreme warmest daily minimum was {{convert|79|°F|0}} on July 7, 1924 and August 22, 1926.[14] On average, the first and last occurrences of freezing temperatures in the cooler season are October 13 and April 30, respectively, allowing a growing season of 165 days.[14] {{Weather box|location = Beckley, West Virginia (Raleigh County Airport), 1981–2010 normals,{{efn|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.}} extremes 1896–present |single line = Y | Jan high F = 39.4 | Feb high F = 43.1 | Mar high F = 51.8 | Apr high F = 62.8 | May high F = 70.2 | Jun high F = 77.0 | Jul high F = 79.8 | Aug high F = 79.2 | Sep high F = 72.9 | Oct high F = 63.3 | Nov high F = 53.0 | Dec high F = 42.3 |year high F = 61.3 | Jan mean F = 31.1 | Feb mean F = 34.4 | Mar mean F = 42.1 | Apr mean F = 52.1 | May mean F = 59.8 | Jun mean F = 67.4 | Jul mean F = 70.6 | Aug mean F = 69.7 | Sep mean F = 63.2 | Oct mean F = 53.2 | Nov mean F = 43.9 | Dec mean F = 34.2 |year mean F = 51.9 | Jan low F = 22.8 | Feb low F = 25.7 | Mar low F = 32.3 | Apr low F = 41.4 | May low F = 49.4 | Jun low F = 57.8 | Jul low F = 61.4 | Aug low F = 60.3 | Sep low F = 53.4 | Oct low F = 43.1 | Nov low F = 34.8 | Dec low F = 26.2 |year low F = 42.5 |Jan avg record high F =61.4 |Feb avg record high F =64.8 |Mar avg record high F =72.8 |Apr avg record high F =80.4 |May avg record high F =82.2 |Jun avg record high F =85.2 |Jul avg record high F =86.9 |Aug avg record high F =86.7 |Sep avg record high F =83.5 |Oct avg record high F =77.5 |Nov avg record high F =71.8 |Dec avg record high F =62.7 |year avg record high F=88.2 |Jan avg record low F = −0.1 |Feb avg record low F = 5.5 |Mar avg record low F = 13.0 |Apr avg record low F = 24.0 |May avg record low F = 34.0 |Jun avg record low F = 44.5 |Jul avg record low F = 50.2 |Aug avg record low F = 49.4 |Sep avg record low F = 38.2 |Oct avg record low F = 27.2 |Nov avg record low F = 17.1 |Dec avg record low F = 5.3 |year avg record low F= −4.8 |Jan record high F = 74 |Feb record high F = 76 |Mar record high F = 83 |Apr record high F = 87 |May record high F = 92 |Jun record high F = 100 |Jul record high F = 103 |Aug record high F = 103 |Sep record high F = 97 |Oct record high F = 88 |Nov record high F = 80 |Dec record high F = 75 |Jan record low F = −22 |Feb record low F = −20 |Mar record low F = −7 |Apr record low F = 8 |May record low F = 21 |Jun record low F = 32 |Jul record low F = 38 |Aug record low F = 33 |Sep record low F = 23 |Oct record low F = 9 |Nov record low F = −1 |Dec record low F = −20 |precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation inch = 2.81 | Feb precipitation inch = 2.76 | Mar precipitation inch = 3.57 | Apr precipitation inch = 3.36 | May precipitation inch = 4.66 | Jun precipitation inch = 4.00 | Jul precipitation inch = 5.03 | Aug precipitation inch = 3.47 | Sep precipitation inch = 3.01 | Oct precipitation inch = 2.57 | Nov precipitation inch = 2.95 | Dec precipitation inch = 3.00 |year precipitation inch =41.19 | Jul snow inch = 0 | Aug snow inch = 0 | Sep snow inch = 0 | Oct snow inch = 0.4 | Nov snow inch = 2.6 | Dec snow inch = 12.9 | Jan snow inch = 18.0 | Feb snow inch = 16.6 | Mar snow inch = 8.5 | Apr snow inch = 2.9 | May snow inch = 0.1 | Jun snow inch = 0 |year snow inch = 62.0 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 in | Jan precipitation days = 15.1 | Feb precipitation days = 13.9 | Mar precipitation days = 15.6 | Apr precipitation days = 14.2 | May precipitation days = 14.7 | Jun precipitation days = 13.2 | Jul precipitation days = 13.1 | Aug precipitation days = 10.7 | Sep precipitation days = 9.6 | Oct precipitation days = 10.1 | Nov precipitation days = 12.2 | Dec precipitation days = 14.9 |year precipitation days =157.3 |unit snow days = 0.1 in | Jul snow days = 0 | Aug snow days = 0 | Sep snow days = 0 | Oct snow days = 0.3 | Nov snow days = 3.0 | Dec snow days = 8.0 | Jan snow days = 10.2 | Feb snow days = 8.4 | Mar snow days = 5.4 | Apr snow days = 2.4 | May snow days = 0 | Jun snow days = 0 |year snow days = 37.7 |source = NOAA[10][11] }} Demographics{{US Census population|1880= 144 |1890= 158 |1900= 342 |1910= 2161 |1920= 4149 |1930= 9357 |1940= 12852 |1950= 19397 |1960= 18642 |1970= 19884 |1980= 20492 |1990= 18274 |2000= 17254 |2010= 17614 |estyear=2017 |estimate=16404 |estref=[12] |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[13] 2014 Estimate[14] }} 2010 censusAs of the census[15] of 2010, there were 17,614 people, 7,800 households, and 4,414 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1856.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 8,839 housing units at an average density of {{convert|931.4|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 72.3% White, 21.2% African American, 0.3% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population. There were 7,800 households of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.4% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.85. The median age in the city was 41.6 years. 20.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.9% were from 25 to 44; 28.5% were from 45 to 64; and 17.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female. 2000 censusAs of the census of 2000, there were 17,254 people, 7,651 households, and 4,590 families residing in the city.[16] The population density was 1,874.9 people per square mile (724.1/km2). There were 8,731 housing units at an average density of 948.8 per square mile (366.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 73.64% White, 22.89% African American, 0.14% Native American, 1.89% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population. There were 7,651 households out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 35.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.83. In the city, the population was spread out with 21.8% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $28,122, and the median income for a family was $38,110. Males had a median income of $35,780 versus $23,239 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,912. About 16.4% of families and 20.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.9% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over. EducationWoodrow Wilson High School is Beckley's public high school. Three universities are located in Beckley: West Virginia University Institute of Technology, University of Charleston-Beckley, and a branch campus of Concord University. Additionally, New River Community and Technical College and Valley College[17] are located in Beckley. The nonprofit, nondenominational Appalachian Bible College[18] is located just outside the city limits, in nearby Bradley. TransportationThe city is the regional hub for over 100,000 Southern West Virginia residents. It is the eighth-largest city in West Virginia, exceeded in population by Fairmont and followed by Martinsburg. HighwaysRailAmtrak services Beckley at Prince Station in Prince, West Virginia. AirGreater Beckley's only airport is Raleigh County Memorial Airport. Raleigh County Memorial Airport is served by Contour Airlines with service to Charlotte. Tourist attractionsBeckley is well known for two major tourist attractions: The Beckley Exhibition Coal Mine and Tamarack. The Exhibition Coal Mine is a preserved coal mine that offers daily tours and a history lesson on coal mining in Appalachia. Tamarack, a showcase of Appalachian arts and crafts, was built in 1996 at a cost of $10 million and dedicated to former Governor Gaston Caperton. Notable people{{refimprove BLP|section|date=October 2018}}
References{{notelist}}1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.beckley.org/mayor_emmett_pugh.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-04-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307000413/http://www.beckley.org/mayor_emmett_pugh.html |archivedate=2012-03-07 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web|title=2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_54.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Mar 27, 2019}} 3. ^1 2 {{GNIS|1553831}} 4. ^{{cite book |title= Raleigh County West Virginia|last= Wood |first= Jim |authorlink= |year= 1994|publisher= BJW Printing and Office Supplies|location= Beckley, WV |ISBN= |page=76 |pages=}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://wvmetronews.com/2014/01/02/new-mayor-in-beckley/ |title=WV MetroNews – New mayor in Beckley |publisher=Wvmetronews.com |date= |accessdate=2017-07-19}} 6. ^Wood, p.77 7. ^{{cite web | last = Boothe | first = Dallas | title = Stoplight Meeting | publisher = West Virginia Division of Culture and History | date = April 12, 1960 | url = http://www.wvculture.org/history/1960presidentialcampaign/newspapers/19600412raleighregister.html}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2013-01-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=2012-01-24 |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arborday.org/treeinfo/ZoneInfo.cfm?ZipCode=25801&submit=Look+it+up%21 |title=facebook-circle |publisher=Arborday.org |date= |accessdate=2017-07-19}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00003872.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: WV BECKLEY RALEIGH CO AP |accessdate=2018-02-24}} 11. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=rlx |title = NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate = 2018-02-24}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 24, 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 27, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df=}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014-3.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 19, 2015}} 15. ^1 {{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2013-01-24}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.valley.edu/ |title=Career Training Trade School in West Virginia | Valley College |publisher=Valley.edu |date=2014-06-20 |accessdate=2017-07-19}} 18. ^{{cite web|author=Appalachian Bible College |url=http://www.abc.edu |title=Appalachian Bible College | Associate, Bachelor, Master Degree | Bible |publisher=Abc.edu |date= |accessdate=2017-07-19}} 19. ^Phoning Home: A Memoir. University of South Carolina Press, 2014 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1048879/christa-gail-pike-v-state-of-tennessee/|title=Christa Gail Pike v. State of Tennessee – CourtListener.com|website=CourtListener}} External links
9 : Beckley, West Virginia|Cities in West Virginia|Cities in Raleigh County, West Virginia|County seats in West Virginia|Mining communities in West Virginia|Micropolitan areas of West Virginia|Populated places established in 1838|Coal towns in West Virginia|1838 establishments in Virginia |
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